| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Thisalchemistandpursuerofthephilosopher'sstonedevelopedatheoryofcolorhe discussed in the book Opticks. This scientist's MathematicalPrinciplesofNaturalPhilosophy explained his law of universal gravitation, developed using a calculus notation he derived independently of Gottfried Leibniz [[LIBE-nitz]]. Fortenpoints,namethisEnglishpolymath who also theorized three eponymous laws of motion. | Sir IsaacNewton |
| In 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt set aside this island's Crown Lands of El Yunque [[YOON-keh]] to establish aforestreserve,andtoday,thatregionofthisislandisthe only tropical U.S National Forest. The Arecibo [[ah-reh-SEE-boh]] Observatory, a radio telescope on this island, collapsed in late 2020. This island's capital city of San Juan is the oldest European settlement in what is now the United States. For ten points, name this Spanish-speaking island, the largest U.S. commonwealth. | Commonwealth ofPuerto Rico (or Estado LibreAsociado dePuerto Rico; accept Boriken) |
| In the LifeofSaintBoniface,thetitlesaintcutsdownatreesacredtothisnon-Roman deity in Hesse [[HEH-suh]].InhistreatiseGermania,Tacitus[[TASS-ih-tuss]]referredtothis god as the "Hercules" of the Suebi [[SWAY-bee]]people,while"Mercury"wastheequivalent of Odin. In opposition to the Christianization of Scandinavia, many believers wore charms depicting this god's hammer Mjölnir [[MYOHL-neer]]. For ten points, name this widely-worshipped red-headed Norse god of thunder. | Thor (acceptThunar; orDonar) |
| The idea for this work's fourth and final movement was likely borrowed from the work of Luigi Cherubini [[keh-roo-BEE-nee]] and consists of a lengthy coda followed by 29 bars of C Major chords. This piece's composer supposedly told his secretary, Anton Schindler, that its opening motif represented "fate knocking at the door." A famous "short-short-short-long" motif opens, for ten points, what symphony by Ludwig von Beethoven? | Beethoven'sFifth (or Symphony No.5by Ludwigvan Beethoven in C minor) |
| IndependenceHallwasrenovatedtoreceivethisdignitaryduringan1824-25tourof the United States, and he was greeted with crowds ateverystop.Thisperson,whoelevated Louis-Philippe to the French throne after the July Revolution, drafted theDeclarationofthe Rights of Man in coordination with Thomas Jefferson. Continental troops atYorktownwere led in part by, for ten points, which French nobleman who joined the American Revolution? | Guilbert duMotier, Marquis deLafayette (accepteither underlined portion) |
| Josef Stalin sent employees of this company’s Gorki plant in Nizhny Novgorod to a gulag during the Great Purge. In 1932, more than 60 workers were injured by this company's security and Dearborn police following [this company's] "Hunger March." This company’s “Edsel” line of cars was named for the son of its founder and became synonymous with failure in the 1950s. For ten points, name this company which made the popular Escort, F-Series, and Model T automobiles. | FordMotor Company |
| John Balliol [[BAY-lee-ahl]] abdicated this position and was successfully freed by Pope Boniface VIII [[the eighth]] following Edward I's invasion of his kingdom. One of Idi Amin's many titles proclaimed him to be the "Last" person to hold this regal position. The Catholic-driven "Rising of the North" attempted to replaceElizabethIwithhercousinMary, who held this title. Robert the Bruce andtheHouseofStuartheld,fortenpoints,whatroyal title also held by Macbeth? | RulerofScotland (orRulerofScots; accept"Monarch", "Queen", or "King" in place of "Ruler") |
| Several city-states ofthiscivilizationweredefeatedbytheirrival,SpearthrowerOwl, a leader of Teotihuacan [[teh-oh-tee-HWAH-kan]]. The military outpost of Dos Pilas [[PEE-lahss]] switched between this civilization's two rival cities of Calakmul [[kah-lahk-MOOL]] and Tikal [[tee-KAHL]]. The Temple ofKukulcan[[koo-kool-KAHN]]was built in this civilization's settlement of Chichen Itza [[CHEE-chen EE-tzah]]. For ten points, name these Mesoamerican people who developed a namesake "Long Count" calendar. | MayaPeople (orMayans; acceptK'ichepeople) |
| Chemist Friedrich Accum [[ah-KUHM]] wrote a treatise concerning this food, denouncing the pre-modern practice of using non-foods such as chalk and sawdust as additives. The scarcity of this foodstuff led to the "March on Versailles" [[vehr-"SIGH"]] by Parisian women in the early French Revolution. In Juvenal's [[JOO-veh-nahls]] Satires, he paired this word with "circuses" to signify mollifying the masses. For ten points, name this staple food of the Western world made from grinding and baking wheat. | Bread (acceptPanem; accept specific typesofBread; prompt on "Grain") |
| Nations including Estonia and Ireland sponsored a 1923 letter by this group presentedtotheLeagueofNationstogainfurtherautonomy.Thisgrouprelinquishedclaims to the U.S. Midwest in the Nanfan Treaty, named for the governor of New York. This group negotiated the Proclamation of 1763 to protect themselves from settler colonization past the Appalachians. Tribes including the Oneida [[oh-NY-dah]] and Mohawk made up, for ten points, which “Confederacy” of six nations who acted as allies of the Britishthroughoutthe 18th century? | IroquoisConfederacy (or League of theIroquois;accept theFive Nations; accept theSix Nations; acceptHaudenosaunee) |
| This case, whose majorityopinioncitedFederalistPapersNo.78,beganasaresultof JamesMarkhamMarshallfailingtodelivercommissionspriortoapresidentialinauguration. This case concerned the appointment of "midnight judges" at the tail end of the administration of John Adams. The principle of "JudicialReview"wasestablishedby,forten points, what 1803 case, the first major decision by the Marshall court? | Marburyv. Madison (orWilliamMarburyv.James Madison, Secretary of State of the United States) |
| John Marshall later protected the homeland of whatSoutheasternNativeAmerican tribeinWorcester[[WOO-ster]]v.Georgia.Thisgroupwaslateroneofmanysubjectedtothe "Trail of Tears." | Cherokee (orAniyunwiya; acceptTsalagi) |
| During this war, the burning lights of trailing hospital ships triggered the Battle of Tsushima [[soo-SHE-mah]] Strait, a disastrous loss for the 2nd Pacific Squadron. Teddy RooseveltearnedaNobelPeacePrizefornegotiatingtheTreatyofPortsmouth,whichended this conflict. The Battle of Port Arthur began, for ten points, what war in which Emperor Meiji's [[MAY-jees]] government attempted to curb the influence of a tsarist empire? | Russo-JapaneseWar (acceptRussko-yaponskayaVoyna; orNichiro senso) |
| The Japanese victory in the Russo-Japanese War facilitated its 1910 annexation of what peninsular realm, led for centuries by the Joseon dynasty? | Korea (acceptKorean Empire; acceptDaehanJeguk; orGreat HanEmpire; acceptHanguk) |
| While serving under this general, Dubliner Arthur Sandes led a critical charge of riflemen during the Battle of Boyacá [[boh-yah-KAH]]. A series of massacres committed by Royalists led this general to call for the "Decree of War to the Death" during the Admirable Campaign. This military commander served as the autocrat of Gran Colombia until his deposition in 1830. For ten points, name this Latin American "liberator." | SimónBolívar |
| Thislong-timepresidentofVenezuelaestablisheda2008commissiontoinvestigate if Bolívar was assassinated. This socialist president's successor, Nicolás Maduro, faced a disputed election in 2019 with Juan Guaidó [[gwy-DOH]]. | HugoChavez (or Hugo RafaelChávezFrías) |
| This man's tweet claiminghecouldtakehiscompany"privateat$420pershare"led to him paying 40 million dollars in penalties to the Securities and Exchange Commission. This man's "Boring Company" is testing intra-city travel through the experimental "Hyperloop System," and that company broke off from this businessman's otherenterprise, SpaceX. AsofSeptember2021,thewealthiestmanonearthis,fortenpoints,whichCEOand founder of Tesla? | ElonMusk (or Elon ReeveMusk) |
| Musk passed which Amazon founder as the wealthiest person in the world? | JeffBezos (or Jeffrey PrestonBezos; acceptJeffrey PrestonJorgensen) |
| Often incorporating aspects of the cult of Serapis[[seh-RAP-iss]],thisdeitynamesa "Mystery" practiced in the Greco-Roman world which guaranteed practitioners a place in the Fortunate Isles. An aspect of this goddess related to "Pharos" [[FAY-rohss]] was worshipped by sailor's hoping to have favorable seas. Scholars havespeculatedthatimages of this goddess with Horus on her lap inspired iconography of Mary with an infant Christ. Osiris [[oh-"SIGH"-riss]] is resurrected by, for ten points, which sister-wife of his, an Egyptian fertility deity? | Isis[["EYE"-siss]] (acceptIsisPelagia;acceptEse; acceptWusa) |
| "Pharos" is another name for this city's "lighthouse," which contained a temple of Isis in its district of Antirhodos. | Alexandria (accept al-ʾIskandarīyah) |
| Amelia Bloomer and Martha Coffin Wright attended this meeting, at which the Declaration of Sentiments was drafted. Frederick Douglass, the only Black person toattend this event,arguedtopushfortherighttovote.Thisevent'soccurrencecoincidedwithavisit to the namesake town by James and Lucretia Mott. For ten points, name this 1848 convention organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton to discuss women's rights. | Seneca FallsConvention |
| Women's right to vote was officially codified into U.S. law with the passing of this amendment to the Constitution, seventy-two years after the Seneca Falls Convention. | Nineteenth Amendment to the United StatesConstitution |
| Welsh settlers immigrated to the south ofthismodernnationinitsChubutprovince where its government conducted the "Conquest of the Desert."ThePuelches[[PWEL-kess]] people used a system of irrigation in the dry lands of this modern nation's Mendoza province later adapted by the colonial Spanish. This nation's navysanktheBrazilianflotilla during the Battle of Juncal [[hoon-KAHL]]. For ten points, name this South American country, whose capital lies on the southern shores of the Río de la Plata. | Argentina (acceptArgentineRepublic; or RepúblicaArgentina) |
| The Valle Grande Dam in Mendoza was built during the rule of which populist Argentine president who was married to a woman known by the people as "Evita?" | Juan DomingoPerón |
| This ruler's namesake"Donation"wasaforged8thcenturydecreeclaiminghemade Rome superior to the other Holy Sees, such as Antioch. This ruler ordered the symbol Chi Rho [[KYE ROE]] to be painted on his soldiers' shields to assure victory at Milvian Bridge. This ruler ended the systemic persecution of Christians through the Edict of Milan. The Council of Nicaea [[ny-SAY-ah]] was called by, for ten points, which"Great"Romanemperor who created a namesake capital from the city of Byzantium? | ConstantineI (orConstantinethe Great; acceptFlavius ValeriusConstantinus; orKonstantinos) |
| Constantine may have syncretized the worship of Christ with Sol Invictus, also known as the "Unconquerable" form of what celestial object, worshipped during the Late Roman Empire? | Sun |
| Informal name of the Republic of Texas, still reflected in its state nickname. | Lone StarRepublic |
| Namesake of Texas's capital who led the settlers there in the 1820s. | Stephen F (uller)Austin |
| First president of the Texan Republic who names the modern state's largest city. | Samuel "Sam"Houston |
| Mexican victory at a San Antonio fort defended by William Travis and Davy Crockett. | Battle of theAlamo |
| U.S. president who pushed to have Texas admitted as a slave state and oversaw the Mexican-American war. | James K (nox)Polk |
| Mexicancaudillo[[kow-DEE-yoh]] who invaded theRepublic of Texas before losing the Battle of San Jacinto [[jah-SEEN-toh]]. | Antonio López deSanta Anna |
| Short-lived breakaway Mexican state named for a North American river supported in secret by Texas. | Republic of theRio Grande |
| Great Plains nation who resisted white occupation, leading to the Great Raid of 1840 under chief Buffalo Hump. | Comanche (acceptComancheria;ComancheEmpire;orNʉmʉnʉʉSookobitʉ) |
| Kingdom formally annexed by him following the capture and execution of Cleopatra. | Egypt (orAegyptos) |
| Rival and loyal general to Julius Caesar whom Augustus defeated at the naval Battle of Actium. | MarkAntony (accept MarcusAntonius) |
| Building material with which he claimed to have rebuilt Rome. | Marble |
| Term used to describe the roughly 200 years of relative stability following his rule. | Pax Romana |
| Biblical figure and Client-King for Rome who committed the "Massacre of the Innocents." | Herodthe Great |
| Title he used instead ofimperatorto portrayhimself as an equal to the other denizens of the empire. | First Citizen (acceptPrincipate; orPrincips) |
| Losing commander at the Battle of Teutoburg Forest whose ghost was supposedly asked to "give [him] back [his] legions." | Publius QuinctiliusVarus |
| Right-hand man who commanded his armies in the Wars of the Second Triumvirate. | Marcus VipsaniusAgrippa |
| Leading nation of the Central Powers who attempted to draw them into World War One through the Zimmerman Note. | GermanEmpire (acceptDeutschland; acceptImperialGermany; orDeutsches Reich; orKaiserreich) |
| Revolutionary during the Mexican Civil War whose raid on Columbus, New Mexico triggered a failed U.S. manhunt. | Francisco "Pancho"Villa (or José DoroteoArangoArámbula) |
| U.S. president who allowed theBracero[[brah-SEH-roh]]worker program to augment labor during World War Two. | Franklin DelanoRoosevelt (acceptFDR) |
| Industry nationalized by the Lazaro Cardenas government, who formed the company Pemex. | OilIndustry (orPetroleum Industry) |
| Guerillas named for a deceased revolutionary who rebelled in Chiapas [[chee-AH-pahss]] following the passage of NAFTA. | ZapatistaArmy of National Liberation (prompton Emiliano "Zapata") |
| Party who dominated their politics for six decades starting in the 1940s. | PRI (or PartidoRevolucionario Institucional;orInstitutional Revolutionary Party) |
| Civil war triggered by Plutarco Calles's [[CAH-yes]] anti-Catholic reforms in the 1930s. | CristeroWar |
| Popular moderate president who was assassinated during the Ten Tragic Days of the Mexican Revolution. | FranciscoMadero (or Francisco IgnacioMaderoGonzález) |
| Following the Battle of Niagara Falls, one side in this war ceased attempts to conquer Canada. One side in this war lost the Battle oftheThames[[TEMZ]]after(+) recruiting Tecumseh's Confederacy. The Treaty of Ghent officially ended this war shortly before Andrew Jackson's forces won the Battle of New Orleans. (*) For ten points, name this early-nineteenth century conflict that rekindled animosity betweenGreat Britain and the United States. | War of1812 (prompt on "Sixty Years' War") |
| In the prelude to this battle, one side scored easy victories at Bordeaux [[bor-DOE]] and Narbonne over Duke Odo the Great. During this battle, many Mozarabic soldiers abandoned the general Abd al-Rahman in (+) an effort to protect their own camp from being plundered. Prior to this battle, PopeGregoryIIIprovided a loan to a "Mayor of the Palace" nicknamed "The Hammer" to repel an Umayyad (*) invasion of Gaul. For ten points, name this 732 Frankish victory by Charles Martel. | Battle ofTours (accept Battle ofPoitiers) |
| A raid against this man's village of Bedonkohe [[bee-don-KO-heh]] by Jose Maria Carrasco led to his lifelong hatred of the Mexican army. This "Tiger of the Human Race" spent the last 23 years of his life incaptivityfollowinghissurrenderto Nelson Miles in Skeleton (+) Canyon. Paratroopers during the Second World War popularized shouting this chief's name before jumping out of a plane. (*) For ten points, name this 19th century Apache chief. | Geronimo (acceptGoyaalé) |
| Cuban poet José Martí wrote a Centenario of this man in 1889, calling him a "Hero in Peace and War."PhillisWheatley(+)wrote,"Proceed,greatchief,withvirtue on thy side" in an 18th-century poem titled for this politician. Parson Weems composed many stories aboutthisman,includingthefableofhischoppingdowna(*) cherry tree. For ten points, name this literature-inspiring first president of the United States. | GeorgeWashington (accept "To His Excellency,GeneralWashington") |
| Due to using this network, John van Zandt was taken to court for punitive damages by plantation owner Wharton Jones. "Conductors" who used this network used "stations" as (+) safehouses often run by members of theQuakerdenomination including Levi Coffin. Thenickname"Moses"wasgiventothisentity'smostsuccessful guide, Harriet Tubman. (*) Fortenpoints,namethisso-called"railroad,"aseriesofroutes used by the enslaved to escape to the Northern U.S. and Canada. | UndergroundRailroad |
| In this country, illegal miners who carry green bowls on their backs aregiven the nickname "ninja miners." This country's Dukha community, part of the larger Tuvan people, herd (+) reindeer near its Lake Khövsgöl [[HOOVS-gull]]. The Turquoise Hill Mine is a large copper and gold-mining project in this country, where traditional herders liveintentscalledyurts.Theformerheartlandoftherealmsof(*) Genghis Khan is in, for ten points, what landlocked East Asian country? | Mongolia (orMongol Ulus) |
| In an attempt to end thiswar,acohortofwivesthreatenstowithholdromance from their men in the play Lysistrata. The Aristophanes [["air"-ih-STAH-feh-nees]] play Peace celebrated the recently-signed Peace of Nicias [[nee-KEE-us]]meant(+)to halt this war for fifty years. During this war, the statesman Pericles [[PEH-rih-klees]] gave a funeral oration at a cemetery near the Acropolis. The contemporary Thucydides [[thoo-SIH-dih-dees]] wrote a History of, (*) for ten points, what Greek conflict between two factions led by Athens and Sparta? | PeloponnesianWar |
| This anti-imperialist openly criticized the U.S. for perpetrating the Moro Crater Massacre in his essay Incident in the Philippines. This Southerner served a two-week stint in a Confederate militia known as the (+) Marion Rangers before deserting. This Missouri man described his time as a steamboat pilot in the antebellum period in Life of on the (*) Mississippi. Fortenpoints,namethiswriterwhose Southern upbringing inspiredThe Adventures of HuckleberryFinn. | MarkTwain (or Samuel LanghorneClemens) |
| This U.S. president admitted the United States's only pair of twin-born states after shuffling their papers to conceal which was the first admitted. The final state this president admitted, out of six, was the first to grant (+) women the vote as a territory. This president presided over the "Billion Dollar Congress" and signed the Sherman Antitrust (*) Act. For ten points, name this man who was both successor and predecessor of Grover Cleveland. | BenjaminHarrison (prompt on "Harrison") |
| Which 15th century civil war in England was fought by two cadet branches of the Plantagenet [[plan-TADJ-ah-net]] dynasty, the Houses of Lancaster and York? | War (s) of theRoses |