| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Historians who used this man’s teachings to support Republican ideals have been called his “red” supporters. This man wrote, "They have made a desert and call it peace" in a work that opens by describing the Year of the Four Emperors. (+) This historian wrote about the execution of a man named "Christus" by Pontius Pilate in a book that covers leaders between Augustus and Nero. (*) For the points, name this Roman historian of Agricola and the Annals. | Tacitus (or Publius Cornelius Tacitus) |
| This man, the Head of Government of a certain Federal District from 2000 to 2005, became embroiled in controversy after his handling of the Tláhuac [[TLAH- hoo-ahk]] lynching, in which two police officers were murdered. After this man lost the 2012 presidential (+) election, he formed the MORENA political party, which emerged out of the Movement for National Regeneration. Succeeding Enrique Peña Nieto (*) in 2018, for the points, who is this president of Mexico? | Andrés Manuel López Obrador ( or AMLO; prompt on "Lopez" or "Obrador") |
| While only involving four countries, this war was the bloodiest in Latin America during the nineteenth century, concluding with the Battle of Cerro Corá. In the aftermath of this war, Brazil was awarded portions of territory now included in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. (+) This war concluded with the death of its instigator, Francisco Solano Lopez. (*) For the points, name this war whose victors were Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. | War of the Triple Alliance (accept Paraguayan War) |
| In the late 1600s, this person invented a mechanical calculator called the “stepped reckoner.” A philosopher as well as a scientist, this person wrestled with the problem of evil in his Théodicée [[teh-oh-dee-SEH]]. This man's optimistic conclusion (+) on the topic of evil was satirized with a character called the "greatest philosopher of the Holy Roman Empire," Professor Pangloss from Voltaire's Candide. Discovering calculus independently (*) of Isaac Newton, for the points, who was this German polymath? | Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz |
| This conflict began after High Commissioner Henry Bartle Frere's ultimatum was rejected. John Chard earned a Victoria Cross for repelling a counteroffensive at this war's Battle of Rorke's Drift. Lord Chelmsford's forces were repelled by the Assegai (+) at this conflict's Battle of Isandlwana. British forces won the Battle of Ulundi during, (*) for the points, what war after which the English subjugated an African kingdom led by Chetswayo and founded by Shaka? | Anglo-Zulu War (prompt on partial answers) |
| One book about this figure, written and illustrated by Gail Haley, tells of his completion of three difficult tasks to give all the stories of the world from the Sky God to the children of Earth. A Story a story depicts the tale of this figure capturing the she-fairy Mmoatia [MWAH-tyah]] (+) with a doll covered with gum, likely inspiring the story of the Tar-Baby and Br'er Rabbit. From both West African and Caribbean folklore, (*) for the points, who is this trickster who often takes the form of a spider? | Anansi [[ah-NAHN-see]] |
| According to Varro, Minerva and Saturn were both originally gods of these people, who were defeated and made subject to Rome at the Battle of the Lacus Curtius [[LAH-kooss KOOR-tee-ooss]]. The Vestal virgin Tarpeia was killed by the shields of these people after she betrayed (+) Rome to them. Romulus betrayed these people by staging a kidnapping at the Neptune Equester festival. Suffering the mass abduction of women (*) at the hands of the Romans, for the points, who were these ancient Italic people? | Sabines (or Sabini; accept Abduction of the Sabine Women; accept "Kidnapping" or "Rape" in place of "Abduction") |
| In this event, Jean-Conrad Hottinguer [[oh-teen-GEHR]], Pierre Bellamy, and Lucien Hauteval [[oht-VAHL]] were given simplified aliases. In this incident, three American envoys were told they could not negotiate any treaty until they gave a substantial bribe to French (+) minister Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord. Leading to an undeclared war (*) between the U.S. and France, for the points, what is this diplomatic incident with France during the John Adams administration? | XYZ Affair |
| Motivated by the attack on Pearl Harbor, this enrolled member of the Gila River Indian Community enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps in 1942. This man made his only film appearance, along with John Bradley and Rene Gagnon, in the 1949 John Wayne war movie, (+) Sands of Iwo Jima, in which this man played himself. One of the six U.S. Marines to raise the large American flag (*) at the Battle of Iwo Jima, for the points, who was this Native American soldier? | Ira Hayes (or Ira Hamilton Hayes) |
| This city contains the Tour de Beurre [[BOOHR]], built from the sale of indulgences for eating butter during Lent. This city, known for its Gros Horloge [[GROH ohr-LOHZH]] astronomical clock, is served by the port of Le Havre, and was the site of Joan of Arc's (+) burning in 1431. This city's cathedral consists of an eclectic mix of three towers in different styles, which was depicted in a series by Claude Monet. (*) Located on the Seine River, for the points, what is this capital of Normandy? | Rouen (accept Rouen Cathedral) |
| This woman, a student at Booker T. Washington High School in Montgomery, Alabama, was the secretary of the NAACP Youth Council. In 1956, this woman was one of the five plaintiffs in the case Browder v. Gayle, (+) which overturned segregated bus laws in Alabama. Like a later activist, this woman was arrested for refusing to give up her segregated seat on a Montgomery bus in 1955 at the age of 15, (*) but her case remained unpublicized due to her pregnancy. For the pointss, name this activist who preceded Rosa Parks. | Claudette Colvin (or Claudette Austin) |
| This man appointed the Calvinist theologian Jean Taffin [[taf-FAHN]] as his court preacher and protested the Inquisition under Cardinal Granvelle and Governor Margaret of Parma. This man was shot and killed by the Burgundian Catholic, Balthasar Gérard, at the Prinsenhof in Delft. (+) After an illegal meeting of the Staten Generaal, this taciturn man was reinstated as Stadholder. Starting the Dutch Revolt against the Spanish Hapsburgs in the Eighty Years' War, (*) for the points, who was this Prince of Orange? | William the Silent (or Willem de Zwijger; accept William of Orange or or Willem van Oranje before "Orange" is mentioned; accept William the Taciturn before mentioned) |
| This battle was immediately preceded by the Battle of Blanchetaque, which occurred following a landing at Cotentin. The blind King John of Bohemia (+) died during this battle, which was followed by a siege of Calais. The Black Prince held his first command during this battle, which confirmed the supremacy of the English (*) Longbow. For the points, name this 1346 battle in Northern France. | Battle of Crécy |
| This man from South Carolina was First Captain in his 1936 West Point class and commanded the 187th Airborne Regimental Combat Team during the Korean War. In 1982, this man sued the CBS television network for libel over his portrayal in the documentary (+) The Uncounted Enemy. This man served as the Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army from 1968 to 1972. Overseeing large increases in the number of soldiers in the 1960s, (*) for the points, who was this general who commanded U.S. Forces in Vietnam from 1964 to 1968? | William Westmoreland (or William Childs Westmoreland) |
| Modernizations to the judicial system during this period included the establishment of Hyōjōsho and Hikitsuke [[hee-kee-TSOO-kee]] courts. During this period's Jokyu Disturbance, the Hojo family defeated Go-Toba's forces at the Third Battle of Uji. The Kenmu (+) Restoration occurred after this period, which began after the defeat of the Taira clan in the Gempei War. "Divine winds," called kamikaze, (*) thwarted two Mongol invasions during, for the points, what first shogunate of Japan? | Kamakura Shogunate (accept Kamakura period) |
| After witnessing the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, this public servant dedicated their life to workers’ rights and safety advocacy. This person was instrumental in establishing a policy for the social security program while in Franklin D. Roosevelt’s administration, (+) and this person was one of only two people, along with Harold Ickes [[IK-ees]], to serve on FDR's Cabinet for his entire presidency. Spending twelve years as the U.S. Secretary of Labor, (*) for the points, who was this first woman to serve in a presidential Cabinet? | Frances Perkins (or Fannie Coralie Perkins) |
| This psychologist is frequently misquoted as claiming he could raise twelve children to fill twelve predetermined occupations. This psychologist created shortened mazes that caused rats to run into walls in the "Kerplunk" experiment. In another experiment, this psychologist used loud (+) noises to condition a baby to be afraid of white, fluffy things. Carrying out the (*) "Little Albert" experiment in 1920, for the points, who was this American behaviorist psychologist? | John B (roadus) Watson |
| After this man defeated Stanislaw Koniecpolski [[KOHN-yetz-POHL-skee]], his country regained control of Livonia in the Peace of Altmark. Via the Treaty of Stolbovo, this husband of Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg cut off Russia's access to the Baltic. This general, who defeated Count Tilly (+) at Breitenfeld, was succeeded by Axel Oxenstierna [[OHK-sen-STYEHR-nah]] after his death at the Battle of Lützen. Known as the "Lion of the North," (*) for the points, who was this King of Sweden during the Thirty Years' War? | Gustavus Adolphus the Great (or Gustav II Adolf) |
| This man refused to succeed Lord Melbourne unless Queen Victoria fired many ladies-in-waiting in the Bedchamber Crisis. This man accepted the Reform Act of 1832 as "a final and irrevocable settlement of a great constitutional question" and advanced Conservative policies in the Tamworth (+) Manifesto. This man's creation of the Metropolitan Police Force in London led them to be nicknamed "bobbies." Having repealed the unpopular Corn Laws, (*) for the points, who was this British prime minister from 1841 to 1846? | Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet |
| This person died during Kieft’s War, after Wampage led the Siwanoy warriors in a massacre. This person once asked, “If God has predetermined for me salvation or damnation, how could any behavior of mine change my fate?” This person was put on trial for heresy (+) and sedition after accusing ministers of preaching works rather than grace during the Antinomian Controversy. (*) For the points, what female religious leader was banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony? | Anne Hutchinson (or Anne Marbury) |
| This person succeeded John F. Kennedy in a position that he then held for more than three decades, after which he was succeeded by Kennedy’s nephew, Joseph. This Massachusetts representative worked with other Irish-American politicians to make the "Saint Patrick's Day (+) Declaration" and to help bring an end to "The Troubles" in Northern Ireland. The author of All Politics is Local and Other Rules of the Game, (*) for the points, who was opponent of Ronald Reagan, the third- longest serving Speaker of the House? | Thomas “Tip” O’Neill (or Thomas Phillip O'Neill Jr) |
| Spanish-American revolutionaries were said to have "worn the mask" of this person, seeking independence while ostensibly acting in the name of the Bourbons. This person’s first reign lasted less than sixty days before he was replaced by a Bonaparte. After this man's death, his brother, Don Carlos, (+) and his daughter, who became Isabella II, vied against each other for the throne. Restored to absolute power by the 1823 Congress of Verona, (*) for the points, who was this king of Spain whom some called "the Desired"? | Ferdinand VII [[the Seventh]] (accept Ferdinand the Desired before mentioned; accept Fernando in place of Ferdinand; prompt on "Ferdinand") |
| This artist depicted a line of men clutching one another as they stumble forward after a chemical attack in Gassed!. In addition to painting the official White House portrait of Teddy Roosevelt, this artist painted a strap onto one of his subjects after his risqué depiction of (+) Virginie Gautreau [[goh-TROH]] caused outrage. This American artist caused a scandal at the 1884 Salon de Paris with his Portrait of Madame X. (*) For the points, who is this man, considered the leading portrait painter of his era? | John Singer Sargent |
| After this meeting, the List of Prohibited Books was released, and the pronouncements of this meeting were ratified by the papal bull Benedictus Deus. Pope Paul III convened this meeting that clarified the seven sacraments and led to the codification of the Tridentine Mass. (+) The last ecumenical council before the 1869 First Vatican Council, this meeting is considered to have made the key statements of the (*) Counter-Reformation. For the points, name this mid-16th century Catholic Church council which rebuked Protestantism. | Council of Trent (or Concilum Tridentinum) |
| While serving as the U.S. Solicitor General, this person played a crucial role in the Nixon administration’s “Saturday Night Massacre.” This person’s Anti-Trust Paradox nudged judges toward a more favorable view of trusts. Nominated by Ronald Reagan, this Yale Law School (+) professor faced heated discussions in his effort to replace Lewis Powell. The author of Slouching Toward Gomorrah, (*) for the points, who was this conservative judge whose 1987 nomination for the U.S. Supreme Court was defeated? | Robert Bork (or Robert Heron Bork) |
| Before becoming monarch, this man escaped from a plane shot down during the Rif Revolt. This man survived two assassination attempts, including one that occurred on his 42nd birthday in Shkirat. During his reign, this authoritarian ruler sentenced leaders, such as Mehdi Ben Barka, (+) to death. This, and his actions during the Years of Lead, contributed to the BBC labeling this man’s human rights record as “appalling.” A member of the 'Alawi Dynasty, (*) for the points, who was this King of Morocco from 1961 to 1999? | Hassan II |
| Vaudevillian Eddie Cantor is credited with this group’s name, which referenced the way it received donations. This organization was founded in 1938 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt as the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis. From 1938 to 1955, this organization spent (+) more than $230 million on patient care and funded the work of Albert Sabin and Jonas Salk. Initially organized to combat polio, (*) for the points, what is this nonprofit organization that now works to lower infant mortality rates worldwide? | March of Dimes |
| This man excommunicated Alfonso I d'Este [[the FIRST DEH-steh]] who then defeated this man's forces at the Battle of Polesella [[poh-leh-SEH-lah]]. Raffaello de Montelupo created statues of Rachel and Leah for this man's tomb, as well as a horned statue of (+) Moses. This pope created the League of Cambrai to oppose Venice and commissioned Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Sistine (*) Chapel. For the points, name this 16th-century "Warrior Pope." | Julius II (or Giuliano della Rovere; prompt on "Julius") |
| Due to this event, large numbers of troops, supposed to be under the command of Emperor Verus, had to withdraw from ancient Rome’s imperial forces. Most historians agree that this event occurred first during the Roman siege of Seleucia, and Cassius Dio, a Roman historian, said that (+) disease arose again nine years later. Troops returning from the Near East in the 2nd century brought on, (*) for the points, what pandemic that weakened the Roman Empire? | Antonine Plague (or the Plague of Galen; prompt on "Plague") |
| Over 800 Jews were massacred in this city by Crusaders in 1096. One agreement signed in this city, between Pope Calixtus II and Henry V, ended the investiture controversy. At a meeting in this city, one man stated, "I am bound by the Scriptures I have quoted, (+) and my conscience is captive to the Word of God." A Rhineland city which was the site of an 1122 concordat, (*) for the points, what is this German city which hosted a 1521 Diet [[DEE-et]] at which Martin Luther was condemned as a heretic? | Worms [[VERMS]] (accept Concordat of Worms; accept Diet of Worms) |
| The first person to discover this thing, Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi, described it merely as a "small cloud." In the Great Debate, Heber Curtis and Harlow Shapley debated the classification of this thing, citing theories surrounding "island universes." (+) The discovery of Cepheid [[SEE-fee-id]] variables inside this object, designated by Messier 31, ultimately proved that it was not a nebula. (*) For the points, name this closest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way. | Andromeda Galaxy (accept Messier 31 before mentioned; accept NGC 224; accept Andromeda nebula) |
| According to this religion's texts, Shikarji was where most of its leaders attained moksha. On top of its five vows, this religion has a supplementary vow of sallekhana involving fasting to death by its monks, rarely practiced today. The first leader (+) of this religion is Rishabhanatha and the last is Mahavira. This religion has 24 such leaders, called tirthankaras. Practicing ahimsa, or non-violence, (*) for the points, what is this Indian religion? | Jainism (or Jain Dharma; accept Jainist) |
| In this year, Indian prime minister Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated. During this year, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched by the space shuttle Discovery. During this year, the U.S. began an air attack on Iraq (+) during the Gulf War, which was called Operation Desert Storm. The Soviet Union was effectively dissolved (*) during, for the points, what year in which Mikhail Gorbachev resigned as president of the Soviet Union? |