| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| By firing a gun into the ballistic variety of these devices, the momentum of a bullet can be found. A classical example of a chaotic system is the double variety of these devices. The (+) ideal form of these devices consists of a weighted bob at the end of a massless rod. Swinging to keep time in (*) grandfather clocks, for the point, what are these devices? | Pendulums (accept Doublependulum) |
| The influence of this quantity causes the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect. The existence of an increasing variety of this quantity, known as its phantom type,would cause the "big rip" end of the (+) universe.Drivingtheexpansionoftheuniverseand making up the bulk of the universe’s mass-energy (*), for the point, what is this unobserved quantity which is more than twice as prevalentas dark matter? | Dark energy (do not accept or prompt on "darkmatter") |
| Faraday's constant equals the charge of an electron times this quantity,which is also multiplied by Boltzmann's constant to give the ideal gas constant. This constant equals the number of atoms in (+) 12 grams of carbon-12, which is approximately6.022times10tothe23rdpower.Definingthenumberofparticlesina mole(*), for the point, what is this constant whichis named for an Italian scientist? | Avogadro's number (orAvogadro's constant) |
| Common systems of a disorder caused bythishormoneincludecrowdedteeth and enlarged hands and feet. Excessive levels of this hormone can cause pituitary tumors and acromegaly [[ak-roh-MEH-gah-lee]]. (+) Deficiencies of this hormone are the primary cause of human dwarfism. A peptide hormone responsible for stimulating cell division, (*) for the point, what is this common performance-enhancing drug? | HumanGrowth Hormone (or HGH; acceptSomatropinorSomatotropin) |
| This rock, the intrusive counterpart of rhyolite, is the most common material found in Bornhardts. This rock forms its namesake domes at landmarks such as Sugarloaf Mountain and Yosemite's Half Dome. (+) This rock contains crystals of feldspar and quartz and predominantly makes up the continental crust. A coarse-grained igneous rock, (*) for the point, what is this material commonly used to make high end countertops? | Granite |
| Along with ambient visible light, this is the primary radiation converted into electrons in night vision goggles. This radiation names a form of spectroscopy that measures a(+)molecule'svibrationaltransition.Thisradiationhaswavelengthsfrom 700 millimeters to 1 centimeter. Including wavelengths longer than that of visible light, (*)for the point, what is this radiation range? | Infraredlight (orIR) |
| This scientist's paper "Experiments on Plant Hybridization" led to the introduction of the laws of segregation and independent assortment. This scientist's studies of (+) Pisum sativum [[PEE-sum sah-TEE-vum]] led him to coin the terms "dominant" and "recessive." A 19th century friar, (*) for the point, who was this man who studied inheritance among pea plants? | Gregor JohannMendel |
| Common causes of these events, the largest of which occurred in Washington in 1980, include increases in pore pressure and hydrostatic pressure in surface cracks. The field of predicting these eventsiscalled(+)slopestabilityanalysis.These events, which are a form of mass wasting, are often preceded by heavy rains destabilizing the (*) surface layer. For the point, name these potentially catastrophic movements of rock and sediment down a slope. | Mudslides (acceptLandslides; acceptMudflows;acceptRockslides; accept Flow Slides; prompt on "mass wasting" before mentioned) |
| Up-regulation of cytochrome P450 conveys resistance to this organo-chlorine compound, which prevents sodium channels from closing. This chemical was implicated in declining peregrine falcon and (+) bald eagle populations as it accumulated in their prey. Responsible for thinning eggshells, (*)forthepoint,whatis this pesticide that was highlighted in Rachel Carson'sSilent Spring? | DDT (orDichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) |
| Each atom in this material shares three sp2 hybridized orbitals, makingitthe strongest of all currently known materials. Andre Geim [[GIME]] employed micromechanical exfoliation and a silicon wafer to isolate layers of this (+) material using Scotch tape and the primary component of pencil lead. Arranged in a single-layered hexagonal lattice, (*)for the point,what is this 2D carbon allotrope? | Graphene (do not accept or prompt on "graphite") |
| This law is extended to the enthalpy of a chemical reactionbyHess'slaw.This law, which is often notated as "delta UequalsQminusW,"isequivalenttostatingthat first kind (+) perpetual motion machines are impossible. Stating that the total amount of mass-energy in a system is constant, (*)for the point, what is this law? | First LawofThermodynamics (prompt on "Conservationof Energy"; prompt on partial answers) |
| One controversial method for carrying out this task involves depositing a certain substance into a subduction zone. (+) The primary method for carrying out this task is called deep geological (*) repository. For the point, identifythistaskofsafely dealing with the waste products of fusion and fission. | Radioactive waste disposal (accept any answerindicating the disposal, storage, or management of waste products from nuclear powerplants or weapons) |
| This value represents the Turing degree of the partial computable functions. This value represents the bottom element ofaboundlatticeandisthe(+)cardinality of the empty set. Creating an undefined (*) expression as the denominator of a fraction, for the point, what is this number? | Zero (acceptNaughtorNil) |
| Lenski et al.'s ongoing evolution experiment with this species observed them spontaneously developing the ability to metabolize citrate [[SIT-"rate"]]. In (+) humans, beneficial strains of this species are involved in producing vitamin K in the intestines. A common model organism, (*) for the point, what is this rod-shaped, gram negative gut bacteria? | E. coli (orEscherichiacoli) |
| This location is the origin of toxic dust storms that spread tuberculosis and cause cancer in former fishing towns such as Mo'ynoq[[MOY-nok]].Desertificationof this location was driven by agricultural diversionofthe(+)SyrDaryaandAmuDarya rivers. Formerly located on the border of Kazakhstan and (*) Uzbekistan,forthepoint, what is this now mostly dried up Central Asian lake? | AralSeabed (orAralSea; acceptAralkumDesert) |
| This field was founded and developed by the father-son pair D.D. and B.J. Palmer. This field was founded on pseudo-scientific claims of the existence of (+) lesions not visible on X-rays, termedvertebralsubluxations[[sub-luk-SAY-shuns]].(*) For the point, name this field of alternative medicine based around performing spinal "alignments." | Chiropractic (accept word forms likeChiropractor) |
| Scientists from this country include the author of Systema Naturae [[NAH-tyoo-ray]]. A village in this country is thenamesakeoffourchemicalelements, (+) including Ytterbium [[ee-TER-bee-um]]. The home country of Svante Arrhenius [[SVAHN-teh ah-REE-nee-us]] and Arvid Carlsson, (*) for the point, what is this country in which the presentation ceremonies of all threescience Nobel Prizes are held? | Kingdom ofSweden (or KonungariketSverige) |
| This scientist described cultural features that are passed down in a way analogous to genes with the coined term "meme." This scientist popularized the gene-centered view ofevolutioninbookssuchas(+) RiverOutofEdenandTheSelfish Gene. Known for his criticisms of religion in his book The God Delusion, (*) for the point, who is this British evolutionary biologist? | RichardDawkins |
| This organ can be affected by cholesterolosis [[koh-leh-steh-RAH-loh-sis]], which is also known as "strawberry" [this organ]. This organ can be (+) removed when it accumulates painful amounts of calcium salts and cholesterol, forming this organ's namesake (*) stones. For the point, name this organ that receives and stores bile from the liver. | Gallbladder (acceptCholecyst; prompt on “gallstone”) |
| Bartlett's test, a type of F-test, compares two values for this quantity, whichis also analyzed by a set of models developed by Ronald Fisher called ANOVA [[ah-NO-vah]]. (+) The parameter lambda for a Poisson [[pwa-SAHN]] distribution symbolizes both the expected value and this quantity, which is the square of the standard deviation.(*)For the point, name this measureof how spread out a data set is. | Variance (accept Analysis ofvariance) |
| This scientist controversially refused to give her subjects numbers, instead opting for names like "Goliath." This scientist observed one animal population using twigs and grass to "fish" for termites. (+) This scientist observed a nonhuman "war" between the Kasakela and Kahama communities of Gombe [[GOHM-beh]] National Park. Best known for studying Tanzanian (*) chimpanzees, for the point, who is this English anthropologist and primatologist? | JaneGoodall (or Valerie Jane Morris-Goodall;or Baroness Jane van Lawick-Goodall) |
| Since 2019, Huawei [[HWAH-WAY]] has been banned from implementing this technology in the U.S. due to espionageclaims.ProtestorsintheUKwhobelievedthis technology was responsible for (+) Covid-19 set fire to cell towers. The Samsung Galaxy S20 was the first smartphone (*) compatible with this technology. For the point, name this latest broadband cellular standard. | 5GNR (or5GNew Radio] |
| As part of Project Nekton, this feature was explored by the Auguste Piccard designed Trieste [[tree-ESS-teh]] vessel. One portion of this feature was explored by theKaikoandNereusunmanned(+)submarines.Thisfeature'ssouthernendcontains its deepest point, the Challenger Deep. (*) Located near an American-controlled Pacific island group, for the point, what is this deepestpoint in the ocean? | Mariana Trench (orMarianas Trench; acceptChallenger Deepbefore mentioned) |
| These data structures connect all vertices of a graph with minimum edge weights. The red-black variety of this data structure is self-balancing, differentiating it from the binary search (+) variety, and the first node of this structure is known as the root node. With terminal nodes referred to asleafnodesratherthan(*)branches, for the point, what is this type of data structure? | Tree (accept Binary SearchTreebefore mentioned;accept Binarytree; prompt on "graph" before mentioned) |
| The most common methods for detecting these objects include the radial velocity method and the transit method. When found in the habitable(+)zone,these objects are said to be in the "goldilocks" zone. Examples of these objects include super-Earths and (*) hot Jupiters. For the point, name these rocky or gaseous bodies that orbit stars other than our Sun. | Exoplanets (accept any answer indicating extrasolarplanets; accept answers such as planets outside our solar system; prompt on"planet"s) |
| This man's final book was a discourse on the study of motionandthestudyof materials titled Two New Sciences. The publication of this man's (+) Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems led to him being (*) condemned by the inquisition for his heliocentrism. For the point, namethisscientistwhoobservedagroupof namesake moons of Jupiter. | GalileoGalilei (or GalileoGalilei) |