| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Many members of this order contain a structure called amelon,whichhouses the spermaceti [[sper-mah-SEH-tee]] organ. Filter-feeding members of this order possess keratin plates called (+) baleen [[BAY-leen]]. Members of this order breathe through a specialized nostril on their backs called a (*) blowhole. For the point, name this order of marine mammals that includes porpoises,dolphins, and whales. | Cetaceans [[see-TAY-shuns]] (acceptWhalesbefore mentioned; prompt on "dolphin" or "porpoise" before mentioned) |
| These periods involve paradigm shifts as described in Thomas Kuhn’s [[KYOONS]] The Structure of [this sort of period]. Along with the Renaissance, one of these periods is held to have not been a radical break from the Middle Ages in the "continuity thesis." The (+) publication of Copernicus's theories is considered the beginning of (*) one of, for the point, what type of social era, which included the development of modern biology and chemistry? | Scientific Revolutions (prompt on "CopernicanRevolution") |
| For an ideal block and tackle setup, this quantity is equal to the number of rope sections supporting the block. For a wedge, this quantity is inversely proportional to the wedge's slope. Thisquantity(+)isdemonstratedbythelawofthe lever, which relates opposing weights and arm length. Used to measure the effectiveness of simple (*)machines, for the point,what is this output force to input force? | Mechanical Advantage |
| Chiral [[KY-rull]] symmetry breaking and asymptotic [[AY-simp-TAH-tik]] freedom are among the properties of the quantum chromodynamics theory of this force, which confines smaller particles intohadrons.Thisforce,whosemagnitude(+) increases with distance, is mediated by gluons. Binding together neutrons and protons in the (*) nucleus, for the point, what is this fundamental force which is much more powerful than the weak force? | StrongNuclear Force (orStrongInteraction;orColorForce; prompt on "quantum chromodynamics" before mentioned) |
| These phenomena were lessfrequentduringtheSpörerandMaunderMinima. The position of these phenomena predicts the location of coronalloopsandsolar(+) flares. The frequency of these phenomena varies on an eleven-year cycle which corresponds to the reversal ofamagneticfield.Foundonthesurfaceofthe(*)sun,for the point, what are these temporary darkerregionssometimesvisiblefromEarthwithouta telescope? | Sunspots |
| In his book How to Live Longer and Feel Better, this scientist advocated taking megadoses of vitamin C to prevent the common cold. This scientist outlined the modern understanding of an atom's tendency to attract (+) shared electrons in his book The Nature of the Chemical Bond. The Nobel Prize in Peace and Chemistry (*) were given to, for the point, what American scientist? | LinusPauling (or Linus CarlPauling) |
| Due to having temperatures near the surface ofthesun,thisregionpassesthe Curie temperature and is not ferromagnetic. This layer, whose existence is demonstrated by (+) PKiKP waves, is composed ofasolidiron-nickelalloy.Theliquid outer core (*)surrounds, for the point, what solidmetal layer of the Earth? | Inner Core (prompt on "core"; do not acceptor prompt on "outer core") |
| This scientist discovered the elements cesium [[SEE-zee-um]] and rubidium [[roo-BIH-dee-um]] with Gustav Kirchhoff [[KEER-kof]]. This scientist lendshisname to a device that manipulates airflow at the (+) top and fuel supply at the bottom to control combustion rate. A common type of open-flame (*) burner is namedfor,forthe point, what German chemist? | RobertBunsen (or Robert Wilhelm EberhardBunsen; acceptBunsenBurner) |
| For an object to beinstaticequilibrium,thisforce'smetacentermustbeabove the center of gravity. This force, which equals density times gravity times volume, is opposed by the hydrostatic pressure gradient. This force equals the weight ofthe(+) fluidthatisdisplacedaccordingtotheArchimedesprinciple.Objectsfloatinliquid(*) due to, for the point, what force? | Buoyantforce (orBuoyancy; acceptUpthrust) |
| In their simplest form, these devices possess a vertical portion, the gnomon [[NOH-mon]], and a horizontal portion, the style. Along with specialized candles and water (+) drip clocks, these were among the earliest devices to mark the timeofday. The position of shadows is (*) used in, for the point, what devices that determine the time? | Sundial |
| Large circular holes in these objects are calledmoulins[[MOO-lins]].Deposits created by these objects include eskers and drumlins. Cirques [[SIRKS]], fjords (+), and moraines were created by the retreat of these objects which break down at the coast via calving [[KAV-ing]], forming (*) icebergs. Greenland and Antarcticaarecovered in, for the point, what massive ice formations? | Glaciers (prompt on "glacial lake") |
| Patients who fail to develop this structure may develop Probst bundles to compensate. Damage to this structure can result in alien hand syndrome or Dr. Strangelove syndrome. This structure has a Latin name meaning "tough (+) body." This structure is severed in patients who undergo a split brain procedure, which is sometimesusedtotreatepilepsy.Thetwohemispheres(*)ofthebrainarelinkedby,for the point, what structure? | Corpus Callosum (orCallosal Commissure) |
| These objects can form when an empty cavity, such as a gas bubble, is filled with groundwater that deposits crystalline minerals. These (+) objects are smaller analogs to vugs and crystal caves. Coming from the Greek word for “Earth-Like,” (*) for the point, what are these hollow rocks containingcrystals? | Geode |
| A type of scattering found in these substances can give a blue appearance to motorcycle smoke or flour mixed into water. These substances, which exhibit the Tyndall effect, include emulsions and aerosols. (+) Common examples of these substances include milk, fog, and foam. Insoluble particles are suspended (*) within another in, for the point, what type of mixture? | Colloid (acceptColloidal Suspension; prompton "suspension") |
| One sessile [[SESS-ile]] clade [[KLAYD]] in this phylum has a symbiotic relationship with clownfish, providing shelter in exchange for cleaning. This (+) phylum is characterized by a specialized type of cell that releases stinging toxins on contact. Sea Anemone, (*) Jellies, and Coral are all a part of, for the point, which animal phylum? | Cnidarians [["nigh"-"DARE"-ee-uns]] (prompt on "Jellies"; be lenient on pronunciation) |
| A loop example of these materials is called a Josephson junction.Throughthe Meissner effect, these materials expel magnetic field lines. The BCS theory of these materials posits that phonons (+) mediate the bindingofelectronsintoCooperpairs. Lacking electrical (*) resistance, for the point, what are these materials with a “high temperature” variety? | Superconductor (acceptSuperconductivity;prompt on "conductor") |
| When oxygen is present, this protein produces phosphoglycolate [[foss-foh-gly-KOH-"late"]] and 3-phosphoglycerate [["three" foss-foh-GLIH-seh-"rate"]]. In C4 plants, this protein has reduced specificity and is located in the bundle (+) sheath cells. This protein is the most abundant enzyme on Earth and catalyzes the start of the Calvin cycle. The carboxylation of RuBP in photosynthesis (*)occurs due to, for the point, whatmajor enzyme? | RuBisCO [[roo-BIH-skoh]] (or RuBPCase; or RuBPco; accept Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) |
| An autoclave uses "wet-heat" toleveragehydrolysis[["high"-DRAH-lih-siss]]to perform this task on glassware, rendering it aseptic. 70 percent (+) is the most effective concentration of isopropyl [["eye"-soh-PROH-pil]] alcohol for performing this task. The killing of microorganismsonlab(*)equipmentandothersurfacesisdone through, for the point, what method? | Sterilization (accept word forms and answerssuch as "makingsterile; accept answers indicating "killing microorganism" beforementioned; prompt on answers such as "cleaning") |
| When originally discovered, these objects were nicknamed "LGM," or little green men.OneofthesebodiesintheCrabNebulaemitsX-rays.Thesebodiesareonly detectable if one of their (+) poles points toward the Earth. Named for periodically emitting bursts of radio (*) waves, for the point, what are these rapidly rotating neutron stars? | Pulsar (acceptPulsating RadioSource; prompton "Little Green Men" or "LGM" before mentioned; prompt on "Neutron Star" beforementioned) |
| When this process occurs over a single geographic range, it is termed "sympatric." The allopatrictypeofthisprocessoccursduetogeographic(+)isolation, and new branches on phylogenetic [[FY-loh-"genetic"]] trees are formed by this process. The inability of two populations of organisms to (*) breediscausedby,forthe point, what ecological process? | Speciation (accept Centrifugal Speciation; accept Sympatric Speciation; accept Allopatric Speciation; accept Peripatric Speciation; accept Parapatric Speciation; prompt on "Evolution") |
| Torque is equal to the moment of inertia multiplied by the tangential form of this quantity. In general relativity, it is impossible to distinguish between (+) forces caused by gravity and thisquantity.Oftenmeasuredinunitsper(*)metersquared, for the point, what is this quantity measuring rate ofchange in velocity? | Acceleration (accept Centripetalacceleration;accept Tangentialacceleration) |
| The cantilevered type of these objects are supported only from one end. One common type oftheseobjectshastwohorizontalflanges[[FLAN-jeez]]connectedbya vertical (+) web, known as the "I" type of these objects. Having much greater length (*)than width, for the point, what are these fundamentalstructural components? | Beam (accept Cantileveredbeam; accept I-beam) |
| One algorithm for this task that uses paired comparisons is named after garden gnomes.Exchange-basedalgorithmsforthistaskhaveaworst-caseruntimeof "Big O [[OH]] of n (+) squared." Commonalgorithmslikebubble,quick,andmerge(*) name types of, for the point, what task of organizingan array or list into a desired order? | Sorting (orSorting algorithm; accept Bogo,Gnome, Exchange, Bubble, Quick, or MergeSort) |
| This man's proof of the fundamental theorem of algebra wascreatedtorefute D'Alembert's [[dah-lem-BEHRS]] false proof. This man names a theorem relating the electric field to the charge (+) distribution, and this man also names a distribution shaped like a bell curve. The Normal Distribution (*) is named for, for the point, what German mathematician? | Johann Carl FriedrichGauss (acceptGaussiancurve or curvature; acceptGauss's law or flux theorem; acceptGaussian distributionorGauss's distribution; accept Laplace-Gaussdistribution) |
| This constellation contains a notable binary system made of Mizar [["MY"-zar]] and Alcor. Major stars in this constellation include Dubhe [[DOO-beh]] and (+) Merak [[MEE-rak]], which can be used to locate Polaris in another constellation. The (*) “Big Dipper” is found in, for the point, what northern hemisphere constellation? | Ursa Major (orGreat Bear; acceptUrsa MajorMoving Group orUrsa Major Association; prompt on the "Big Dipper" before read;prompt on "the Plough") |
| Along with placozoa [[play-koh-ZOH-ah]], this is the only animal phylum to lack true, differentiated tissues. This phylum is usually (+) consideredtobethemost basal animal lineage, making it the sister taxon to all other (*) animals. For the point, name this simple animal phylum, which contains sponges. | Porifera (prompt on "sponges" before mentioned) |
| Due to this phenomenon, changes in wind velocity can cause a hook echo on weather radar. This phenomenon's namesake radar is used by police (+) radar guns to determine a car's velocity. This phenomenon is visualized with the bunching of waves in front of a moving source. (*) Redshift is caused by, for the point, what phenomenon in which a pitch shifts with movement,as with a siren driving by? | Dopplereffect (orDopplershift; acceptDopplerradar; prompt on "red shift" or "blue shift" before mentioned) |