| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This project was originally endorsed by Asa Whitney who inspired the later efforts of Theodore Judah. This project was funded by the “Big Four” which included Leland Stanford. The “Overland Route” was created by this projected whose completion at Promontory Point was marked with a golden spike. The Union and Central Pacific Railroads were linked by, for ten points, what railway which crossed the United States. | First Transcontinental Railroad |
| This man wrote his first orchestral piece, “The Storm,” during one of his many visits to Ukraine. In order to fundraise money for veterans of a war between the Ottomans and Serbia, this man composed “Marche Slav”. This man used cannonfire and segments from the “La Marseillaise” for one of his pieces set during the Battle of Borodino. For ten points, name this Russian composer of the 1812 Overture. | Pyotr Illich Tchaikovsky |
| This battle is the subject of the Gesta Henrici which incorrectly states it began with an attack on a baggage train. Davy Gam may have been knighted during this battle after he sacrificed himself to save his king. This battle took place on St. Crispin’s Day and was a key victory for Henry V. For ten points, name this 1415 battle in which French knights stuck in the mud were decimated by English longbowmen. | Battle of Agincourt |
| This man, as Governor of Virginia, dealt with Gabriel Prosser’s slave revolt. During this man’s administration, the United States acquired Florida via the Adam-Onis Treaty. John Quincy Adams wrote the majority of a doctrine named for this man which limited European involvement in South America. The Era of Good Feelings was ushered in by, for ten points, what 5th President of the United States? | James Monroe |
| This event’s preparations were discovered by Rom´eo Dallaire who was forbidden from seizing secret weapon stashes. France enacted a controversial safe zone during this event as part of Operation Turquoise. This event was sparked by the assassination of Juvenal Habyarimana. This event ended when Paul Kagame [kah-gah-may] took control of Kigali. The Hutus massacred the Tutsi in, for ten points, what 1994 genocide? | Rwandan Genocide |
| This man co-wrote a satirical novel with Charles Warner subtitled A Tale of Today which lent its name to the Gilded Age. While mining at Angels Camp, this man was inspired to write a story about a jumping frog from Calaveras County. In an novel by this man, a boy flees with the slave Jim down the Mississippi river. Huckleberry Finn was created by, for ten points, what author of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer? | Mark Twain (accept Samuel Clemens) |
| This activity’s arguably greatest champion formed the “Other Russia” movement against Vladimir Putin, but is more known for defeating Anatoly Karpov in 1985. Boris Spassky’s matches against Bobby Fischer were seen as matches between the USSR vs USA in this activity. Magnus Carlsen is the current world champion of, for ten points, what board game played with pawns, rooks, and queens? | chess |
| This battle was the site of a Yevgeny Khaldei photo which had to be altered to remove a soldier’s two watches. The Flensburg government was formed by Karl Donitz in the waning days of this battle. A Red Army soldier is shown raising a flag over the Reichstag in a photo taken during this battle. Adolf Hitler committed suicide during, for ten points, what 1945 battle for control of the capital of Nazy Germany? | Battle of Berlin |
| This case revolved around the central figure’s travels to Fort Armstrong in Illinois and Fort Snelling in Wisconsin in the service of John Emerson. This case held that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and that slaves could not be freed just by living on a free territory. For ten points, name this infamous Supreme Court case that ruled that African Americans could not be US citizens. | Dred Scott v. John F. A. Sandford (accept Dred Scott case) |
| The Dred Scott ruling was announced in March 1857, two days after this man’s inauguration address promised that the Supreme Court would “speedily” resolve the issue of slavery. | James Buchanan |
| This man’s Zadok the Priest is now played at the coronation of every British monarch. This man was asked to write a piece commemorating the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle after the War of Austrian Succession ended. An oratorio composed by this man features the “Hallelujah” chorus. For ten points, name this composer of Music for the Royal Fireworks and the oratorio Messiah. | George Frideric Handel |
| Handel’s Zadok the Priest was penned for the coronation of the second king with this name. The first king of this name asked Handel to compose Water Music for a concert on the Thames. | George (accept George I; accept George II) |
| This empire’s foundation myth relates how an arrow tipped with a rooster spur was used at the Battle of Kirina to defeat Sumanguru. Sundiata Keita was the founder of this empire. Another ruler of this empire devalued gold along the Mediterranean thanks to his lavish gifts while undertaking the hajj. For ten points, name this West African empire once ruled by Mansa Musa. | Mali Empire |
| The University of Sankore was built in this famously inaccessible Mali city. | Timbuktu |
| This man declared “money does not stink” while issuing a toilet tax. This man became a patron of the historian Josephus after capturing him in the Siege of Yodfat during the Great Jewish Revolt. Construction of the Colosseum began during the reign of this man, whose legacy was carried on by his sons Titus and Domitian. For ten points, name this general who took control to end the Year of the Four Emperors. | Titus Flavius Vespasianus (do not reveal his full name if it is not given) |
| Vespasian began this ruling dynasty of Rome, which continued with his son Titus. | Flavian dynasty (accept word forms of Flavius) |
| This war allegedly began after Frederic Remington was told “to furnish the pictures” so that William Randolph Hearst could fan nationalist sentiment after the Maine was sunk. This conflict included a theater in the Philippines. For ten points, name this war in which the United States gained Guam and Puerto Rico from a European country. | Spanish-American War |
| This colorful two-word term describes William Randolph Hearst’s sensationalist practices, which emphasized selling newspapers over providing accurate facts. | yellow journalism |
| This world leader worked with Syria to form an Arab Republic that lasted for only three years. This member of the Free Officers worked with Muhammad Naguib to overthrow King Farouk, but later overthrew Naguib to take power. This African leader became one of the founders of the Non-Aligned Movement. For ten points, name this second president of Egypt who was succeeded by Anwar Sadat. | Gamal Abdel Nasser |
| Nasser ordered the construction of this dam on the Nile River, controlling its flooding. | Aswan High Dam |
| This politician said that every time man stands up for an ideal, he sends out a “ripple of hope” in his Day of Affirmation speech. Jimmy Hoffa declared a “blood feud” with this man, who investigated his connection to the Mafia. This man celebrated winning California in the 1968 Democratic Primary at the Ambassador Hotel where he was shot by Sirhan Sirhan. For ten points, name this brother of the 35th President. | Robert Francis Kennedy (accept RFK; prompt on Kennedy) |
| In the aftermath of the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., Robert Kennedy calmed riots in this Midwestern city with an impromptu speech from the back of a truck. Earlier in the day, he had visited Ball State and the University of Notre Dame before moving on to this state capital. | Indianapolis |
| This man journeyed to the Dutch Republic in disguise to learn shipbuilding as part of his Grand Embassy. Catherine I was married to this man and ruled with him as Empress until his 1725 death. The Table of Ranks was created by this man who, in an attempt to westernize his country, issued a beard tax on the boyars. A namesake capital on the Neva river was established by, for ten points, what great tsar of Russia. | Peter the Great (accept Peter I; prompt on Peter) |
| Peter the Great’s new capital was constructed on land seized from this European country which, at the time, was led by Charles XII. | Sweden |
| Ocean that Columbus crossed to reach the Americas from Europe. | Atlantic Ocean |
| Country whose monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella funded Columbus. | Spain |
| Flagship of Columbus, which sailed alongside the Nin˜a and Pinta. | Santa Maria de la Inmaculada Concepcion |
| Spanish city where he is buried, the most populous in Andalusia. | Seville |
| Italian city-state where Columbus was born. | Genoa |
| Island where Columbus first landed on his first voyage, probably in the Bahamas. | San Salvador (accept Guanahani) |
| Capital city of Scotland, where David Hume wrote from its university library. | Edinburgh |
| English scientist who discovered three laws of motion. | Sir Isaac Newton |
| Englishman who defended monarchism in Leviathan. | Thomas Hobbes |
| Frenchman who edited the Encyclopedie with d’Alembert [da-lahm-bare]. | Denis Diderot |
| Frenchman whose Spirit of the Laws inspired the American Founding Fathers. | Baron Montesquieu (or Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Br`ede et de Montesquieu) |
| Style of dictatorial government described by that thinker; this term is often applied to “enlightened” rulers like Catherine the Great. | (enlightened) despotism |
| Country where the samurai operated. | Japan |
| Type of weapon such as the katana and wakizashi, used by samurai. | sword (accept bladed weapon; do not accept dagger, knife, etc.) |
| Code of honor followed by the samurai. | bushido |
| Type of ritual suicide performed by dishonored samurai. | seppuku (accept harakiri; prompt on disembowelment) |
| Term given to samurai who operated without a master. | ronin |
| Landholding aristocrats who hired samurai and were subordinate only to the shogun. | daimyo |
| Thisruler’snavytrickedtheDukeofParmaintothinkingtheyhadreleased“Hellburners” at the Battle of Gravelines. An admiral under this monarch carried out the (+) singeing of the King of Spain’s beard, a raid on the port of Cadiz. Francis Drake was employed by this ruler who rallied her troops at (*) Tilbury to fight the Spanish Armada. For ten points, name this daughter of Henry VIII, England’s “Virgin Queen.” | Elizabeth I |
| This man labeled Margaret Smith and her supporters “Snow White and the six dwarfs” after the “Declaration of Conscience.” While investigating the army, this man asked (+) Joseph Welch to define the word “pixie.” This man, in his “Enemies Within” speech, claimed that he had a list of over 200 confirmed (*) communists in the State Department. For ten points, name this Wisconsin senator who triggered the Second Red Scare. | Joseph McCarthy |
| This structure was promised to be returned to its home country in the 1977 Torrijos- Carter treaties. The Culebra Cut and (+) Gatun Lake were created as part of this project. Ferdinand de Lesseps secured funding for a (*) French attempt to build this project that was derailed by outbreaks of malaria. The Pacific and Atlantic oceans are connected by, for ten points, what canal in a Central American country? | Panama Canal (accept Panama after canal is read; prompt on partial answers) |
| This papal name was held by the man who launched the church’s first ever mission, which arrived in Britain. A 12-mode sacred (+) song of the Catholic Church is named for the “great” first pope with this name. The thirteenth pope of this name issued a widespread (*) correction to the Julian Calendar in 1582. For ten points, give this common papal name, for which the currently used international calendar is named for. | Gregory |
| This man’s “Special Order 191” was found and used by enemy forces to counter his Maryland campaign. At (+) Chancellorsville, this man said “he has lost his left arm, but I have lost my right” after the death of Stonewall Jackson. The Siege of (*) Petersburg forced this man to abandon Richmond. For ten points, name this Confederate general whose surrender at Appomattox Courthouse essentially ended the Civil War. | Robert Edward Lee |
| This country’s military killed black dogs while hunting Clement Barbot, who they believed was a shapeshifter. In 1978, the United States eradicated this country’s (+) pig population after an outbreak of African Swine Fever. A leader of this country established the Tonton Macoute which employed (*) Voodoo priests. Papa Doc Duvalier led, for ten points, what country which shares Hispaniola with the Dominican Republic? | Republic of Haiti |
| This government constructed the Monument to the March Dead in the aftermath of a coup attempt by Wolfgang Kapp. A leader of this government signed an (+) enabling act allowing his chancellor to pass laws without the consent of parliament. During this government, hyperinflation drove the price of bread to over 100 billion (*) marks. Paul von Hindenburg led, for ten points, what post World War I German republic? | Weimar Republic (prompt on Germany) |
| This route’s first major expedition was co-led by Marcus Whitman who was later murdered by the Cayuse natives. Ezra (+) Meeker helped preserve this route that, by 1906, had been forgotten. The United States purchased Fort (*) Laramie to protect settlers moving along this route. Independence, Missouri was the starting point of, for ten points, what route that took settlers to a namesake Pacific Northwest territory? | Oregon Trail |
| This event was photographed by the plane Necessary Evil, which focused on Aioi Bridge. The 509th Composite Group was formed to execute this event. This event was carried out by (+) Paul Tibbets, who piloted the Enola Gay over the target city before (*) dropping the Little Boy weapon. For ten points, name the first ever wartime deployment of an atomic bomb, three days before another attack on Nagasaki. | the atomic bombing of Hiroshima (prompt on descriptions of atomic bombings that do not mention “Hiroshima”) |
| Name this founder of the Achaemenid Empire, an Emperor of Persian who legendarily ended the Babylonian captivity. | Cyrus II (accept Cyrus the Great; accept Cyrus the Elder; prompt on Cyrus) |
| This city attempted to liberalize and institute “socialism with a human face” until Leonid Brezhnev invaded in (+) 1968. In this city, Protestant supporters of the “Winter King” Frederick V threw three (*) Catholic nobles out of a window, which helped spark the Thirty Years’ War. A namesake “Spring” period occurred in, for ten points, what former capital of Bohemia and Czechoslovakia? | Prague |