| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This institution was established after its founder dreamed of having a discussion with Aristotle. This institution was supported by the "Sons of Moses," who produced the Book of Ingenious Devices. One movement of this institution was supported by Hunayn, the "Sheikh of the Translators," and this institution flourished from the eighth to the thirteenth century until its destruction in a siege by Hulagu Khan. For ten points, identify this Abbasid center of education and learning, an emblem of the Islamic Golden Age in Baghdad. | House of Wisdom (accept Grand Library of Baghdad before mentioned) |
| In both 2015 and 2016, the world's top ranked teams in this game, from Monaco and Israel, had players banned for life for cheating. For decades, the Egyptian actor Omar Sharif was ranked among this game's top-25 players. It's not baseball, but a "grand slam" can be achieved in this card game, which was invented on a cruise ship by Anderson Cooper's great-uncle, Harold Vanderbilt. This trick-taking card game is unusual for dealing the entire 52-card deck each hand. For ten points, identify this card game, whose variants include "contract" and "auction." | Bridge (accept Contract Bridge; or Auction Bridge) |
| One-eyed giants, called Arimaspi, fought gold-guarding griffins in this place, which was home to a prophet and healer named Abaris, who traveled the world with a magic arrow. Pythagoras claimed to be an aspect of Apollo from this place, which is where Apollo was said to spend his winters. The sun shines for 24 hours a day in this utopian place, which was thought to be located far beyond Thrace. For ten points, what Greek mythological region was named for being located beyond the land of the god of the north wind? | Hyperborea (prompt on "Boreas") |
| A man of this name from Citium founded a philosophy which states virtue is sufficient to achieve eudaimonia. This name is used by a man who engages in a dialogue with Socrates in Parmenides. That man with this name was a philosopher of the Eleatic school who made a series of paradoxes such as Achilles and the tortoise and the flying arrow to demonstrate the impossibility of motion. For ten points, identify this name that was borne by the founder of the Stoic school of philosophy. | Zeno (accept Zeno of Citium or Zeno of Elea) |
| Abasalom Auston Townsend had a wagon train fight on this route, whose namesake was killed by Tom Cover or Nelson Story's hired killer, Thomas Kent. This route, which was established by Allen Hurlbut and scouted by John Jacobs, sometimes followed the Bridger Trail and paralleled Native American routes across the Powder River Country. Red Cloud's war halted the use of, for ten points, what route which connected the state of Wyoming to a namesake city in southern Montana? | Bozeman Trail |
| This person led a last stand against British police following the death of Moshe Rosenfeld and the discovery of weapons on the Leopold Two in the Cement Incident. Supporters of this person carried out the Anabta Shooting, and Leila Khaled declared that her generation would finish this person's rebellion. Marwan Issa has led a group named for this person, who created the Jihadist Black Hand. For ten points, name this Arab nationalist and opponent of Zionism, who names the military wing of Hamas which made headlines on October 7th. | Izz ad-Din al-Qassam [[kah-SAHM]] (accept Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades; accept Al-Qassam Brigades; accept Qassam Rocket; prompt on "IQB") |
| In this historian's "Dialogue on Politics," they claimed that the citizens of international states should fulfill their unique moral character. This author of a set of Histories of the Latin and Teutonic Peoples from 1494 to 1514 supported Friedrich Carl von Savigny [[ZAH-vee-gnee]] against Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's theories of universal history. This supporter of the Göttingen [[GER-ting-en]] School set standards for future historians, such as emphasis on narrative history. Considered a founder of source-based history, for ten points, who was this German historian? | Leopold von Ranke [[RAHN-kuh]] (accept phonetic pronunciations) |
| This person twice served as register of the US treasury, first nominated by President Garfield in 1881 and again by President McKinley in 1897. As a senator, this politician advocated for a bill that would promote an investigation into political conditions in their home state, following the 1875 Clinton Riot. The first African-American to receive votes at a national nominating convention in 1880 and the first to serve a full term as a US senator, for ten points, who was this Republican politician from Mississippi? | Blanche Bruce (or Blanche Kelso Bruce) |
| This work ended with sixteen questions, which were stated in the negative and were expanded to include a query that led to the study of chemical affinity. In this work, an analysis of ring-like interference patterns was published after Robert Hooke died, and this work, the second book on physical science written by the author of the Principia [[prin-KIP-ee-ah]], introduces a theory for multiple-prism dispersion. Published in 1704 and written by Isaac Newton, for ten points, what is this work on the nature of light? | Opticks (or Opticks: or, A Treatise of the Reflexions, Refractions, Inflexions and Colours of Light) |
| When writing this script, a tablet would need to be rotated 180 degrees when switching lines. This script, whose stylized characters may represent crawfish, palms, and frigatebirds, became extinct following the kidnapping of Pacific Islanders by Peruvian blackbird ships. This writing system, found on reimiro ornaments and a statue of the birdman tangata manu, is likely the only native script of Polynesia. Once used on Easter Island, for ten points, what is this undeciphered writing system? | Rongorongo |
| During the Tang dynasty, Li Sigong, a warlord of this ethnic group, was granted control of the Dingnan Jiedushi [[JEE-EH-DOO-SHEE]], northeast of the homeland of these people in Qinghai [[CHING-HAI]]. In the 1030s, these people conquered the Uygher [[WEE-guhr]] Kingdom of Ganzhou [[GAHN-ZHOO]] as they formed their empire, the eastern neighbors of which were the Khitan Liao [[KEE-tahn LEE-OW]] and Jurchen Jin. Nearly annihilated by the Mongol conquest of their empire in Western Xia [[SHEE-AH]], for ten points, who were these Sino-Tibetan people of Medieval China? | Tangut (accept Tangut Empire; accept Qiang before "Ganzhou" is mentioned; prompt on "Western Xia") |
| After this person urged a naval buildup and alliance with Persia, they faked the death of their enemy's son to provoke a revolt by Thebes. Only this person dared to speak after Phocis [[FOH-keess]] was taken, a feat made possible by fixing their lisp through speaking with a mouthful of pebbles. Cicero [[SISS-eh-roh]] used the name of a northern enemy, whom this person called "the barbarian," in the Athenian Assembly to describe speeches made in opposition to a certain ruler. For ten points, name this orator, who opposed Philip the Second. | Demosthenes [[dem-AHSS-theh-neez]] (accept phonetic pronunciations) |
| The only Republicans to sign this document were Virginia representatives Joel Broyhill and Richard Poff. Senator J. William Fulbright demanded to tone down the nullification language in this document, the initial draft of which was composed by Strom Thurmond. Only three senators, all from former Confederate states, refused to sign this document, including Lyndon B. Johnson and Tennessee senators Estes Kefauver and Al Gore, Sr. For ten points, name this Congressional document, which condemned Brown v. Board. | Southern Manifesto (or Declaration of Constitutional Principles) |
| Strom Thurmond co-authored the Southern Manifesto with this longtime Democratic Georgia senator and former governor who served on the Warren Commission and led a boycott of the 1964 DNC after Lyndon Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. | Richard Russell Jr. (or Richard Brevard Russell Jr.) |
| This conflict led to Serbian annexation of what is now North Macedonia and featured a rare alliance between Greece and Turkey. This war solidified a Bulgarian-Serbian enmity, which again turned violent in World War One, and led to the breakup of its namesake "League." For ten points, name this summer 1913 war, which led to Bulgaria losing control of territories it had seized from the Ottoman Empire earlier that year. | Second Balkan War (prompt on "Balkan League"; prompt on partial answers; do not accept or prompt on "First Balkan" War) |
| As part of the fighting between the Bulgarians and the Ottomans during the First Balkan War, this Turkish city in Eastern Thrace was besieged for five months and was the site of some of the earliest aerial bombing in history. | Adrianople (accept Siege of Adrianople) |
| This place is found in the title of a story about a group that is questioned by Emperor Beramo, to whom they claim that handprints were indicative of the presence of a pregnant woman. That work about this place by Michele Tramezzino [[mee-KEH-leh trah-met-ZEE-noh]] is a translation of a Persian fairy tale, and this place's name is the Persian word for one modern country. Horace was inspired to coin a synonym for “fortunate” after reading a work about the “Three Princes” of, for ten points, what place, the name of which is a Persian term for Sri Lanka? | Serendip (or Serendib; or Sarandib; accept The Three Princes of Serendip; do not accept or prompt on "Sri Lanka", do not accept or prompt on “Serendipity”) |
| In that aforementioned story, Beramo is based on King Bahram the Fifth, the ruler of this Neo- Persian empire, the last Iranian empire before the Muslim conquests of the 7th century. | Sasanian Empire (or Sassanid Empire; or Second Persian Empire) |
| This consumer of the drug iboga failed the civil service exam three times, and this person's mental issues may have derived from seeing their parents' deaths at age nine. This politician, who won a 1968 election with the Popular Idea party, once declared themself a "Hitlerian-Marxist" and, after being sentenced to death 101 times, was executed by Moroccans in 1979 on their nephew's orders. Carrying out executions on Black Beach to the song "Those Were the Days," for ten points, who was this dictator, the first president of Equatorial Guinea? | Francisco Macías Nguema [[mah-SEE-ahss nn-GWEH-mah]] (or Mez-m Ngueme; accept either underlined portion of Masie Nguema Biyogo Ñegue Ndong; accept phonetic pronunciations) |
| Macias was a member of this ethnic group, comprising some 85 percent of the population of Equatorial Guinea, the largest ethnic group in the Rio Muni region, whom evidence suggests may not actually be Bantu. | Fang (or Pahouin) |
| As a result of this document, Queen Anne rose to the throne over James Edward Stuart. This document allowed the South Sea Company to support a British monopoly on the slave trade to Spanish colonies and allowed Portugal to become sovereign over the land around the Amazon River. Coming with a proposed Treaty of Commerce, this document allowed Philip of Anjou to be recognized as Philip the Fifth. For ten points, what treaty prevented the Spanish and French thrones from merging at the end of the War of Spanish Succession? | Peace of Utrecht (or Treaty of Utrecht of 1713) |
| The monopoly that Spain granted the British Empire to provide slaves to its American colonies in the Treaty of Utrecht is referred to by which Spanish language term? | Asiento de Negros |
| A law code titled after an emperor of this name was created by a commission co-established by Valentinian the Third, and that emperor of this name gave his name to a set of walls west of the original Constantinian Wall. The Gothic War was waged by the first emperor of this name, who ruled from 379 to 395 CE and issued the Edict of Thessalonica, giving the Nicene form of one religion a certain imperial status. For ten points, give this name of two emperors of classical Rome, the first of whom made Christianity the state religion. | Theodosius (accept Theodosius the First; accept Theodosius the Great; accept Theodosius the Second; prompt on "Theodosian Walls"; prompt on "Codex Theodosianus" or "Theodosian Code") |
| Theodosius the First convened the First Council of Constantinople, which effectively led to the abolishment of this early Christian heresy which insisted that Christ was not co-eternal with God. | Arianism (or Areianismós) |
| Mystery cults dedicated to this god often worshipped him with a kline feast and included lower- ranking members known as the "silent ones." Catochi worked in temples dedicated to this god, which were constructed in cities including Berenike Troglodytica and Memphis. It's neither Hades nor one Egyptian god of the afterlife, but this husband of Isis was often depicted wearing a modius next to the three-headed dog Cerberus. For ten points, name this composite Greco-Egyptian god, who was worshipped in Ptolemaic Egypt, and the namesake of a British ship captured by John Paul Jones in the Battle of Flamborough Head. | Serapis (or Sarapis; or Userhapi; or Osiris-Apis) |
| While the origins of Serapis are debated, both the Talmud and Tertullian believed him to be inspired by this Biblical son of Jacob, who rose to the rank of chief administrator over Egypt. | Joseph (or Yosef) |
| This politician turned down President Pierce’s offer of a Supreme Court seat, and this pro-slavery politician challenged Jefferson Davis to a duel when both were senators. This person tried to destroy the US dollar with gold sales, and their Canadian spies pulled off the St. Albans raid in Vermont. Buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris, this lawyer fled to England from the US by way of the Bahamas in 1865, having previously been the first Jew elected to the Senate who did not renounce his faith. For ten points, name this Confederate secretary of war and state. | Judah P (hilip) Benjamin |
| After Benjamin fled to England, this treaty made extradition impossible, because he was not directly involved in the Lincoln assassination. This 1842 agreement primarily settled the border with Canada but also clarified treatment of fugitives and settled the Creole case, which Benjamin had argued. | Webster-Ashburton Treaty |
| Submersible bridges were installed across this waterway in 1988, near the harbors of Isthmia and Poseidonia. Nero attempted to construct this waterway in 67 AD using Judean prisoners of war, who left a relief of Hercules behind as a memorial. After his country gained independence from the Ottoman Empire, Ioannis Kapodistrias assessed the feasibility of this waterway. Formally beginning construction in 1882, for ten points, what is this waterway, which separates the Peloponnese from mainland Greece? | Corinth Canal |
| This other Roman emperor ordered a survey for the construction of the Corinth Canal, but Egyptian engineers mistakenly measured the Saronic Gulf as higher than the Corinthian. The project was abandoned as this emperor was assassinated by his Praetorian tribunes. | Caligula (or Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus) |
| This person's involvement in politics began after World War One, as a delegate from the Hungarian National Council to the Czechoslovak Army in Nitra [[NEE-trah]]. This person, who had studied in Vienna to become a priest, was accused of being Magyarized and was initially more moderate than Vojtech [[VOY- chek]] Tuka, who supported the fascist Rodobrana. This leader of the People's Party proclaimed an autonomous government after the Munich Agreement and was once deputy to Andrej [[AHN-dreh]] Hlinka. For ten points, name this fascist ruler of World War Two-era Slovakia. | Jozef Tiso [[YOH-zef TEE-soh]] (or Jozef Gašpar Tiso; accept phonetic pronunciations) |
| For his collaboration with the Nazis, among other crimes, Tiso was hanged in 1947, having failed his appeal for a reprieve to this president of Czechoslovakia, who had been "president-in-exile" during the war. | Edvard Beneš [[BEH-nesh]] (accept phonetic pronunciations) |
| Illinois city in which Baby Face Nelson was born and began his career. | Chicago |
| Woman who was only 23 when she was killed by a posse, along with Clyde Barrow. | Bonnie Parker (or Bonnie Elizabeth Parker; accept either underlined portion) |
| Last name of brothers Frank and Jesse, who formed a gang with the Youngers. | James (accept Jesse Woodson James; accept Alexander Franklin James; accept James-Younger Gang) |
| Granddaughter of a publishing magnate who robbed a bank with the Symbionese Liberation Army. | Patricia "Patty" Hearst (or Patricia Campbell Hearst) |
| Leader of the Wild Bunch, who fled the Pinkertons with the Sundance Kid. | Butch Cassidy (or Robert Leroy Parker) |
| Man who burned mortgage documents, earning a Robin Hood reputation, but was killed in 1934 on an Ohio farm. | Pretty Boy Floyd (or Charles Arthur Floyd) |
| Man who earned the nickname "Slick Willie" and whose biography is titled Where the Money Was. | Willie Sutton (or William Francis Sutton Jr.) |
| Lincoln Park theatre, outside of which John Dillinger was gunned down in 1934. | Biograph Theater (accept Victory Gardens at the Biograph) |
| Eighteen-hole game played on the Old Course at St. Andrews, the oldest course in the world. | Golf |
| Reeded woodwind instrument with an air reservoir, traditionally played in battle by Highlanders. | Bagpipes (accept Great Highland Bagpipe) |
| Inventor who improved Thomas Newcomen's steam engine and names the SI unit of power. | James Watt |
| 1995 film loosely-based on an epic poem by the Scottish minstrel Blind Harry | Braveheart |
| Most recent British PM to be born in Scotland, also the most recent Labour PM. | Gordon Brown (or James Gordon Brown) |
| 1314 battle at which Robert the Bruce defeated the English, led by Edward the Second. | Battle of Bannockburn |
| Title of the head of the Scottish Government, an office first held by Donald Dewar in 1999. | First Minister (do not accept or prompt on "Prime Minister") |
| Robert Burns poem, from the Kilmarnock volume, composed after he destroyed the home of a "tim'rous beastie." | "To a Mouse" |
| Family name of prime ministers Indira and Rajiv, who were not related to the activist known as "Mahatma." | Gandhi |
| Capital city from which PMs have led since 1931. | New Delhi |
| Dominant party of early India, which currently leads the opposition. | Indian National Congress Party (or INC) |
| First and longest-serving PM, known for his involvement in the Non-Aligned Movement. | Jawaharlal Nehru |
| Only Sikh to hold the office of PM, leading the nation from 2004 to 2014. | Manmohan Singh |
| Campaign launched in 2015 by Narendra Modi to provide rural areas with high speed internet. | Digital India |
| Early 1990s PM, who dismantled the "License Raj" and liberalized the Indian economy. | P.V. Narasimha Rao (or Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao) |
| Man whose December 25 birthday is an observed government working day called Good Governance Day. | Atal Bihari Vajpayee |
| This person, who resided at the Benjamin Osborn House during a journey to Tucconack Mountain, converted followers of Shadrack Ireland. The Era of Manifestations is alternately named for this person, who recruited New Light followers, including Lucy Wright, after the Dark Day of 1780. (+) This person joined a sect led by Jane Wardley, later leading one group to Niskayuna in New York, where the group became known for their dancing (*) rituals. For ten points, name this woman, who founded the Shakers. | Ann Lee (or Mother Ann Lee; prompt on "Mother Ann's Work") |
| This person lent his name to an all-Slavic coal mining town operated by Arktikugol. This person's second voyage led to an encounter with Samoyeds in the Kara Sea, and his third voyage led to the discovery of (+) Spitsbergen, although it was stopped at the island of Novaya Zemlya. This man, who was the first European to see a polar bear, names a major island of the (*) Svalbard archipelago. For ten points, name this Dutch explorer who attempted to discover a Northeast passage and names a sea between Norway and Russia. | Willem Barentsz (or William Barents; accept Barentsburg, Barentsøya, or Barents Sea) |
| This leader ordered the construction of the Shitennō-ji [[shee-TEN-oh JEE]] temple, regarded as the first temple for their religion in one country, and this child of Emperor Yōmei [[yoh-MEH-ee]] had the rank of light purple or "lesser virtue" under the Twelve Level Cap and Rank system. This person's letters to Emperor Yang (+) are believed to contain the earliest occurrence of the phrase "land of the rising sun." Taking several trips to the Sui [[SWEE]] Dynasty, allowing more efficient bureaucracy, as well as Buddhism, to be brought to Asuka Japan, (*) for ten points, who was this semi- legendary prince? | Prince Shōtoku (or Prince Umayado; or Prince Kamitsumiya) |
| Among this person’s literary creations was a Muslim sorceress named Armida, who became the title character of numerous operas. This person’s mental challenges resulted in them being confined for almost a decade, as depicted in a noted Delacroix painting, [This Person] in the Hospital of St. Anna at Ferrara, (+) and a Byron poem titled "The Lament of [this person]." The title subject of a Johann Wolfgang Goethe play and the author of the epic poem Jerusalem Delivered, (*) for ten points, who was this Italian, who died before the pope could crown him "King of Poets"? | Torquato Tasso (accept Tasso in the Hospital of St. Anna at Ferrara; accept "The Lament of Tasso") |
| In a 2017 article for The Guardian, David Blanchflower argued that the UK was becoming this term due to Brexit. Tsar Nicholas the First is believed to have first coined this term in an 1833 meeting with Prince Metternich. This (+) phrase's earliest appearance in the United States comes from a New York Times article discussing the aftermath of the Crimean War. Commonly used to describe the decline of the 19th century (*) Ottoman Empire, for ten points, what is this term used to describe a weak regional power? | sick man of Europe |
| This group's female members included Unita Blackwell and Ruby Sales, who was saved from death by Episcopal seminarian Jonathan Daniels. Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson protested this organization with the placard "No More Minutes Until Freedom Comes to the (+) Atlanta Office," and Charles Cobb helped this organization create Freedom Schools in the South. Led by Stokely (*) Carmichael, this was, for ten points, what student civil rights organization that organized the Greensboro sit- ins and the Voter Education Project? | SNCC [[SNIK]] (or Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) |
| This person played guitar in a band called The Upsetters Revue during their youth in Columbia, South Carolina, later performing concerts with B. B. King in Washington, D. C. at the height of their political career. This person admitted to a Republican “Southern strategy,” (+) used in the 1968 presidential campaign, in a 1981 interview full of racist language. To combat Michael Dukakis in the election of 1988, this person weaponized the Willie Horton issue while serving as campaign manager for (*) George H.W. Bush. For ten points, name this Republican political operative. | Lee Atwater (or Harvey LeRoy Atwater) |
| This philosophy's namesake used San Biao or three criteria to argue against fatalism. German Alfred Forke was the first western scholar to translate this philosophy's major texts, while Mei Yi-pao is credited with producing the first English translations. This philosophy, which produced the (+) School of Names, virtually disappeared during the Qin [[CHIN]] Dynasty. Opposed to Daoism, Legalism, and Confucianism, (*) for ten points, what is this virtually extinct Ancient Chinese philosophy that espoused "universal love" and was named for a sage? | Mohism (or Moism; or Mòjiā; or School of Mo; accept Mozi) |
| Wolfgang Lazius is believed to be portrayed in this artist's The Librarian, and several of this artist's works, including The Cook and The Jurist, ended up in Sweden after the looting of Prague in the Thirty Years' War. This artist produced the two series The Four Elements (+) and The Four Seasons for Emperor Maximillian the Second. Known for painting many whimsical portraits of faces made up of everyday items, such as the vegetable portrait of Rudolf the Second, titled Vertumnus, (*) for ten points, who was this Italian Mannerist painter? | Giuseppe Arcimboldo [[ar-chim-BOL-doh]] (or Arcimboldi; accept phonetic pronunciations) |
| Wilhelmina Dery was among the plaintiffs in this case, in which Berman v. Parker was cited as justification for the central practice. Three legitimate categories, including common carriers, were cited in a dissent in this court case, which analyzed the Takings Clause. (+) This case looked at state decisions on what constituted "public use" when applying the Fifth Amendment to imminent domain. Allowing for Connecticut property (*) to be appropriated for development, for ten points, what was this 2005 Supreme Court case? | Kelo v. City of New London (or Susette Kelo, et al. v. City of New London, Connecticut, et al.; prompt on "New London") |
| Justifying an operation targeting this person, that operation's leader stated, "We cannot tolerate the existence of millionaire playboys.” Operation Reptile, led by Enrique Gorriarán Merlo, resulted in the assassination of this person, who had previously taken refuge in Alfredo Stroessner’s Paraguay (+) after being denied entry into the US. Having left their country with the highest debt of any in Central America at the time of their departure and opposed by the Sandinistas, (*) for ten points, who was this longtime dictator of Nicaragua? | Anastasio "Tachito" Somoza Debayle (prompt on "Debayle") |
| The Paralus was sent to inform one side of their loss at this battle, which historians theorize was due to the treachery of Adeimantus. This battle followed the capture of Lampsacus and featured a proposal by Alcibiades [[AL-kih-BY-ah-deez]] to move to Sestos. This battle followed the Battle of Arginusae, (+) and its survivors fled with the general Conon [[KON-ohn]], who traveled to meet Evagoras on Cyprus. The Athenian navy was defeated by Lysander of (*) Sparta in 105 BC in, for ten points, what final major battle of the Peloponnesian War? | Battle of Aegospotami [[EH-goh-SPAH-tah-mai]] (accept phonetic pronunciations) |
| This term first came to prominence in a titular 1972 book by historian Alfred W. Crosby, who later expanded upon this term with his 1986 work, Biological Imperialism. Charles C. Mann further developed Crosby's work around this term, examining the phenomenon in the book (+) 1493. Used to describe the biological transfer of animals, crops, and diseases between the Americas (*) and the Old World in the years following the voyages of a certain Genoese sailor, for ten points, what is this term? | Columbian Exchange (or Columbian Interchange; accept The Columbian Exchange; do not accept or prompt on "Columbus") |
| Encompassing more than 200 settlements throughout Europe at its peak, what medieval network of merchant guilds and towns takes its name from the Old High German for a "band" or "troop"? | Hanseatic League (prompt on "Hanse") |