| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This man created a copy of the Peacock Throne to decorate the House on Schachen. The Herrenchiemsee was commissioned by this man as a miniature copy of France’s Versailles Palace. This man, known as the “Fairy Tale King,” constructed a Rococo palace at Linderhof and a castle on a hill that was inspired by the operas of Richard Wagner and which inspired Sleeping Beauty’s Castle in Disneyland. Neuschwanstein [noysh-van-stein] was built by, for ten points, what Bavarian king who may have been insane? | Ludwig II of Bavaria (accept Mad King Ludwig) |
| The Great Law of Peace was first recorded using symbols made of this material, and a Two Row Treaty made of this material was signed in 1613 with the Dutch. The Hiawatha Belt was made of this material, which was made from quahog [ko-hog] shells collected from Long Island Sound or Narragansett Bay. In Iroquois Culture, this material represented a person’s authority and was often kept on a belt. For ten points, name this type of shell bead used in barter between Native Americans and early colonists. | wampum (prompt on beads and/or shells before mentioned) |
| One of this ruler’s generals won the Battle of Mons Graupius, but that general was dismissed from office, contributingto theRoman historianTacitus’shatred ofthis ruler.This mancame topower afterthe short reign of his brother, and he was used as the archetype for despotic rule by later Roman historians. Agricola served, for ten points, what Roman Emperor, the second son of Vespasian and the last Flavian ruler? | Titus Flavius Caesar Domitianus Augustus |
| This man launched a series of modernizations with his Vision 2020 program. This man, a former spymaster for the Ugandan military, worked alongside Uganda’s Yoweri Museveni to fund the ADFL and topple Mobutu Sese Seko in the First Congo War. After a conflict broke out with the death of Juvenal Habyarimana, this man’s troops recaptured Kigali from the Interwanhame to end a genocide perpetrated by Hutu paramilitary groups. For ten points, name this Tutsi leader and president of Rwanda. | Paul Kagame |
| The preface to this work critiques the historians Arnold and Creasy for slighting the topic of this work as a factor in Hannibal’s loss to Rome. This work, which was published by the president of a war college in Newport, advocates the creation of “resting-places” for “coal and repair” as “one of the first duties of government.” William McKinley’s management of the Spanish-American War was influenced by, for ten points, what expansionist book that uses history to argue for the development of a dominant navy, written by Alfred Thayer Mahan? | The Influence of Sea Power Upon History: 1660-1783 |
| Land sold and mortgaged by a member of this family was the subject of Bryan v. Kennett, the so called “ratification” of the Louisiana Purchase by the Supreme Court. Another member of this family fought Haden Edward’s Fredonian Rebellion and denounced Article 13 banning slavery. This family, which led the “Old 300” as empresarios, included a man who lost an 1836 election to Sam Houston. For ten points, name this family which includes Moses and his son, Stephen, the “Father of Texas.” | Austin family (accept Stephen Austin or Moses Austin) |
| This leader controversially canceled the GSOMIA intelligence-sharing agreement during a trade dispute with Japan. This man, who served in a support role during Operation Paul Bunyan, defeated Hong Jun-pyo in an election to succeed acting leader Hwang Kyo-ahn after a scandal involving the daughter of a shamanistic cult extorting bribes. The Singapore summit between Donald Trump and Kim Jong Un was mediated by, for ten points, what man who succeeded the impeached Park Geun-hye in 2017 as president of South Korea? | Moon Jae-in |
| In this civilization, the high priest was required to resign upon the death of his wife, who was responsible for the Argei rituals. A woman in this civilization was said to have dragged a statue of Cybele through a sandbar. This civilization operated a temple whose gates were closed during times of peace and opened during war. The two faced god Janus, Minerva, and Vulcan were worshiped in, for ten points, what civilization whose chief god was Jupiter? | ancient Rome (accept Roman Empire and/or Roman Republic) |
| This man’s son Thomas was thought to have been shown in the Sedgeford Hall portrait; the painting actually shows Osceola’s son and wife. Richard Buck officiated this man’s first marriage to a woman whose conversion was performed by Alexander Whitaker. This man established Varina Farms across from Thomas Dale’s Henricus township on the James River. For ten points, name this Englishman who developed a strain of tobacco in Virginia, where he married Pocahontas. | John Rolfe |
| Rolfe gave his strain of tobacco this geographically-inspired name, based on one of Sir Walter Raleigh’s lesser known expeditions. | Orinoco tobacco (accept Orinoco River) |
| An image near the top left of one of these artworks shows seven black stars and a blue figure blowing a trumpet in a depiction of the Dark Day of May 19, 1780. Harriet Powers created Pictorial and Bible versions of these artworks. Two of these artworks, Echoes of Harlem and Who’s Afraid of Aunt Jemima? were created by Faith Ringgold. One of these artworks organized by the NAMES Project commemorates victims of AIDS by displaying their names on three-foot by six-foot interlocking panels. For ten points, name these cloth artworks that are often used as blankets. | quilts (prompt on blanket before it is mentioned; prompt on cloth art or similar) |
| The collaborative International Honor Quilt is an international project currently housed at the University of Louisville and planned by this modern American artist, who planned the quilt to enhance her feminist piece The Dinner Party. | Judy Chicago (accept Judith Sylvia Cohen) |
| During this battle, Ugrin Cs´ak’s [CHOCK’S] troops were lured into a swamp. Two days before this battle, Henry II the Pious of Silesia had been beaten and decapitated. This battle, which occurred after a Cuman migration, featured a winning plan similar to that at the Kalka River. Batu attacked B´ela IV’s troops on pontoon bridges at this battle, after which Esztergom was raided and Transylvania was occupied. Hungary was sacked after, for ten points, what 1241 victory on the Sajo River for Subutai and the Mongols, their deepest incursion into Europe? | Battle of Mohi (accept Battle of Saj´o River before mentioned; accept Battle of Tisza River) |
| Two days prior to the Battle of Mohi, Henry II of Silesia had been defeated by the Mongols at this battle. Wenceslaus I of Bohemia was one day late to stop the carnage. | Battle of Legnica (accept Battle of Liegnitz; accept Battle of Wahlstatt) |
| Just prior to this event, news cameras picked up someone repeatedly yelling “Pusila!” The man blamed for this event, Rolando Galman, may have been operating on orders given by Rodolfo Salas. In the aftermath of this event, Don˜a Aurora had the funeral home not embalm the body so that the public could see “what they did to my son.” This attack prompted a widow to run in a 1986 election in which accusations of fraud led to the People Power Revolution. Ferdinand Marcos possibly ordered, for ten points, what 1983 assassination of a Philippine politician? | assassination (or death, shooting, etc.) of Beningo “Ninoy” Aquino Jr. |
| This general and Chief of Staff of the Philippines Armed Forces was indicted in the Marcos-led investigation into the assassination, but acquitted in 1985. This man asked Marcos for permission to shoot protesters in the People Power Revolution and went into exile with Marcos in Hawaii. | Fabian Ver |
| These pieces most likely formed from clausula sections of plainchant melodies called organum, exemplified by the Notre Dame school. An isorhythmic piece in this genre titled “Nuper rosarum flores” was written for the consecration of the Florence Cathedral. Thomas Tallis’ Spem in alium and Mozart’s “Ave verum corpus” are examples of, for ten points, what polyphonic settings of sacred Latin texts, a genre of Renaissance music often contrasted with contemporary secular motets? | motets |
| This 15th century composer honored Brunelleschi’s work on the Florence Cathedral with “Nuper rosarum flores.” This French composer of the Burgundian school was one of the last to use isorhythm. | Guillaume Dufay |
| Failed canals in this region were built by Hamilton Disston, who reportedly purchased the largest amount of land ever by a single person. Land developer Richard Bolles supported development of this region, where the Tamiami Trail was built in 1928. The Army Corps of Engineers built the Hoover Dike and straightened the Kissimmee River here; each significantly damaged this region’s ecosystem. The Seminoles were forced south into this region in the 19th century. Lake Okeechobee is north of, for ten points, what region of wetlands in southern Florida? | Everglades (prompt on descriptions of (wetlands in southern) Florida before mentioned) |
| This man was elected governor of Florida in 1904 on a platform of draining and developing the Everglades. As governor, he suggested exiling all African-Americans from Florida; in recent years, there have been calls to rename a Florida county named for him. | Napoleon Bonaparte Broward (accept Broward County) |
| A Hanging Order was issued against this group after they led an uprising in the Penza area. “Temporary emergency measures” were used to justify the targeting of this group, which arose in the aftermathoftheStolypinreforms.Inthe1910s,thesepeoplewerelabeledas“bloodsuckers[and]vampires” for failing to give up their grain to the government of Vladimir Lenin. Joseph Stalin’s collectivization reforms targeted, for ten points, what class of wealthy Russian peasants? | kulaks (prompt on descriptions of wealthy Russian peasants) |
| Kulak land was collectivized into Sovkhoz, or state-owned farms where workers were paid salaries, and into these jointly-owned community farms, where workers received profit sharing after selling its product to the state. | kolkhozes |
| This woman, who organized a volunteer drive to assist the victims of the Ancash earthquake in Peru, was the first First Lady to give an address at a Republican nominating convention. This woman, who once remarked “I know only what I read in the newspapers,” “doesn’t have a mink coat,” but “does have a respectable Republican cloth coat” according to a defensive speech given by her husband. This woman earned the nickname “Madame Ambassador” for her frequent international trips, including a notable visit to China. For ten points, name this successor to Lady Bird Johnson whose husband resigned after the Watergate Scandal. | Thelma Catherine “Pat” Nixon (prompt on “Nixon”; accept Thelma Catherine “Pat” Nixon; accept Thelma Catherine Ryan) |
| This reporter praised Pat Nixon as the “warmest First Lady I covered.” This woman, who served as a White House correspondent from 1961 to 2010 and uniquely had a personally assigned seat in the front row of the White House Briefing Room, abruptly retired after making antisemitic remarks. | Helen Thomas |
| Russian premier told to “tear down” the Berlin Wall. | Mikhail Gorbachev |
| Space-based missile defense system sought by Reagan. | Strategic Defense Initiative (accept SDI; accept Star Wars) |
| South African cleric and Nobel laureate who condemned Reagan as “utterly racist” for refusing to fight apartheid. | Archbishop Desmond Tutu |
| April 1986 terrorist attack in Germany that killed 2 US soldiers and led Reagan to bomb Libya. | West Berlin discotheque bombing (prompt on partial answers) |
| Leader of the New Jewel Movement whose death led to the invasion of Grenada. | Maurice Bishop |
| National Security Advisor who resigned after organizing the Iran-Contra affair with Oliver North; his conviction on obstruction charges was reversed. | John Poindexter |
| Roman territory where Boudica’s rebels sacked Londinium in modern England. | Roman Britain (or Britannia) |
| Roman emperor at the start of the conquest of Boudica’s homeland in 43 AD. | Claudius (accept Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, but do not prompt on partial answers like “Caesar” alone) |
| Roman historian of Agricola whose Annals discusses Boudica’s revolt. | Publius Cornelius Tacitus (or Gaius Cornelius Tacitus) |
| Celtic tribe that allied with Rome until they revolted under Boudica. | Iceni |
| Capital of the Roman province that Boudica’s forces torched before sacking Londinium. | Camulodunum |
| Battle that ended Boudica’s revolt, named for a Roman road’s more modern name. | Battle of Watling Street |
| Commander of the Division del Norte who led a 1916 raid on Columbus, New Mexico. | Francisco “Pancho” Villa (accept Jos´e Doroteo Arango Ar´ambula) |
| President, advised by the cientificos, who was challenged by Francisco Madero as the target of the initial rebellion in 1910. | (Jos´e de la Cruz) Porfirio Diaz Mori |
| Rebel from Morelos who led an agrarian movement and who names a modern militant group. | Emiliano Zapata Salazar (accept Zapatistas) |
| February 1913 event in which violent chaos erupted after the assassination of Madero. | Ten Tragic Days (accept La Decena Tr´agica; prompt on “assassination of Francisco Madero” if given early) |
| Man who rose to power after that February 1913 event; the Germans helped him flee a year later. | (Jos´e) Victoriano Heurta M´arquez |
| Man whose Constitutionalist Army ousted the previous answer; he was assassinated in the wake of the Plan of Agua Prieta. | (Jos´e) Venustiano Carranza Garza |
| Virginia Axline’s book Dibs in Search of Self describes the use of play therapy to help one of these people overcome emotional dormancy. Sigmund Freud’s only known case of treating these people featured a patient with a fear of horses. The (+) visual cliff tested depth perception in these people, who were the topic of Elizabeth Loftus’ false memory experiment “lost in the (*) mall.” The preoperational stage is part of Jean Piaget’s model of the development of, for ten points, what people whose interaction with dolls was studied by Kenneth and Mamie Clark for the Brown v. Board case? | children (accept any equivalent, including infants, kids, babies, etc.) |
| One of this man’s sons was executed for killing Ulrich II of Celje. After giving a loan to Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, this man was gifted royal incomes on the Maros River and was mentioned as a vlach. Juan Carvajal called this man “the Maccabeus of our time,” and (+) Pope Callixtus III urged bells to be rung every day to pray for defenders led by this man. This man, who married Elizabeth Szil´agi, had a son who led the (*) Black Army to capture Vienna. This father of Matthias Corvinus led the Long Campaign and won the Battle of Varna. For ten points, name this Hungarian general who successfully defended Belgrade against the Ottomans in 1456. | Janos Hunyadi (or John Hunyadi) |
| This man, who reverse-engineered the manufacture of Nuremburg Bronze Powder and patented a method for making a ribbon of plate glass, offered James Nasmyth a one-third share in his most famous invention. William Kelly also experimented with this man’s primary discovery, whose use drove the growth of Sheffield in England. (+) Gilchrist and Thomas modified this man’s work for use on high phosphorus material, and the open hearth (*) furnace rendered this man’s work largely obsolete. For ten points, name this English inventor of a method for blowing air into molten pig iron, a revolution in modern steelmaking. | Henry Bessemer |
| This man’s supporters burned down the Dayton Journal after his arrest, which the president offered to overturn in the Birchard Letter. As a defense lawyer trying to demonstrate how how the plaintiff could have accidentally shot himself, this man (+) accidentally shot himself and died the following day. This man was arrested for violating General Order 38 after giving a speech at Mount Vernon claiming that “Defeat, debt, and taxation” were the work of (*) “King Lincoln.” For ten points, name this head of the Copperhead faction in the Civil War who was exiled to the Confederacy in May 1863. | Clement Vallandigham |
| This desert is home to the ruins of Shivta, which was built as a rest stop for Byzantine pilgrims. Haluz and Nitzana were both founded in this desert by the Namataen people. The city of (+) Eilat was founded at the southern end of this desert as a port for copper mined in the Timna Valley. The largest Bedouin majority city in the world, (*) Rahat, is located in this desert, whose largest city was looted by the Haganah following a war that expelled the Egyptians from this desert. Beersheba is sometimes referred to as the “Capital” of, for ten points, what triangular desert in southern Israel? | Negev Desert (or an-Naqab) |
| A king of this empire issued coinage that featured the motto “May this please the people.” Zoscales was listed as the leader of this empire in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. This exporter of ivory traded extensively with the Himyarites of (+) Yemen. A tutor to a king of this empire named Frumentius became the first head of this empire’s church after it converted to Christianity in the (*) fourth century. The capital of this empire is said to contain the Ark of the Covenant, and it was located along the Red Sea. For ten points, name this early African Empire in modern-day Eritrea and Ethiopia. | Kingdom of Axum |
| This politician’s demands for strong nuclear growth contributed to a fire at the Windscale Plant. This politician replaced his old friend Selwyn Lloyd and seven other cabinet members within 24 hours in what became known as Britain’s (+) Night of the Long Knives. This politician was forced to resign after a scandal involving his Secretary of War, John (*) Profumo, having an extramarital affair. This man’s disapproval of apartheid became clear in a pro-decolonization speech. For ten points, name this Prime Minister who delivered the Wind of Change address. | Harold Macmillan |
| This man was saved from being burnt alive by Mohawk Indians after rain and a French officer intervened. As a member of the Sons of Liberty, he threatened to level Connecticut Governor Thomas Fitch’s home if Stamp Tax paper was not given up. Under George Washington, this man was forced to retreat from the Battle of (+) Long Island, and he faced court martial after losing Forts Clinton and Montgomery. As a major general in the Continental Army, this man may have told William (*) Prescott to give the order, “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes.” For ten points, name this general who fought at the Battle of Bunker Hill. | Israel Putnam |
| This man began a series of crackdowns after executing Viggo Hansteen for his role in leading a milk strike. He served as a defense minister for Jens Hundseid’s Farmer Party early in his career and came to power when Operation (+) Weserubung prompted Johan Nygaardsvold to flee. This man was executed at (*) Akershus fortress for his dealings with Josef Terboven while serving as head of the Nasjonal Samling party. For ten points, name this Norwegian Nazi collaborator. | Vidkun Quisling |
| This holiday, celebrated on June 15th, honors the Serbian holy martyrs who died during the Battle of Kosovo. The assassination of Franz Ferdinand took place during this holiday. | Vidovdan (accept St. Vitus Day) |