| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Short-period types of these objects originatefromtheKuiper[[kye-PER]]belt, whereas long periodvarietiescomefromtheOortCloud.In1994,oneoftheseobjects named (+) Shoemaker-Levy 9 crashed into the surface of Jupiter. Solar wind causes the tails (*) of these objects to always point away from the star which they orbit. For the point, name these icy bodies that orbit the Sun and include examples named Halley's and Hale-Bopp. | Comets (accept Short-periodcomets; acceptLong-periodcomets; accept Periodiccomets) |
| As a consequence of its high density, this body's atmosphere experiences super-rotation. Unique volcanic features on this body's surface include pancake domes and ticks. This body is the only (+) planet to experience retrograde rotation. Due to its similar size, this body is sometimes called (*) "Earth's twin." For the point, name this planet with the hottest surface in the Solar System, the second planet from the Sun. | Venus |
| In1961,BerniceEddydiscoveredthatmillionsofpeoplewereexposedtoSV40 [[S-V-"forty"]] through contaminated vaccines for this disease. During the Cutter incident, thousands of Americans were given (+) faulty live-virus vaccines for this disease. This disease's first vaccine was invented by Jonas(*)Salkinthe1950s.Forthe point, name this disease that attacks the nervoussystem and which can cause paralysis. | Polio (orPoliomyelitis) |
| Historically, females diagnosed with Rett syndrome were consideredtohavea variety of this disorder. Children with this disorder typically fail the Sally-Anne test, (+) demonstrating a lack of theoryofmind.TheDSMFivereclassifiedthisdisorderas a spectrum, (*) subsuming the previous diagnosis of Asperger's syndrome. For the point, name this neurodevelopmental condition characterized by low social interest and communication struggles. | Autism (orAutismSpectrum Disorder; acceptASD; accept answers relating to beingAutistic; prompt on "on the spectrum" and similaranswers) |
| The Bordes [[BOR-dess]]–Binford debate centered on the existence of ethnicities among this species. Ralph Solecki controversially claimed that the presence of flower pollen with a buried member of this species was evidence of (+) ritual burial. This species is believed to have frequently interbred with the closely related Denisovans [[deh-NEE-soh-vins]]. The 1983 discovery of this species's hyoid bone suggests they had the (*) ability to talk. For the point, name this close relative of modern humans, whose remains were first discoveredin a namesake German valley. | Neanderthals (or HomoNeanderthalis; acceptpronunciations which replace the "TH" with a "T" sound; prompt on "Neander Valley") |
| The vaccinia [[vak-SIH-nee-ah]] virus is used to inoculate against this disease and was first harvested from sores on the hands of milkmaids. During a 1763 siege, British and American soldiers (+) used this disease as a bioweapon by distributing contaminated blankets. The world's first vaccines were produced by Edward (*) Jenner to prevent this disease. For the point, name this deadly disease caused by Variola viruses, which was eradicated in the 1970s. | Smallpox (prompt on "Variola Major" or "VariolaMinor" before mentioned) |
| This compound can be artificially synthesized using dimethylurea [["die"-meh-thil-yoo-REE-ah]] and malonic [[mah-LAH-nik]] acid. This compound's primary metabolites are paraxanthine [["pair"-ah-ZAN-theen]] and theobromine [[thee-oh-BROH-meen]]. With theophylline [[thee-AH-fih-leen]], this compound is often used as a treatment for (+) sleep apnea among premature babies. This stimulant is often extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide. Due to being an adenosine[[ah-DEH-noh-seen]]antagonist,thisalkaloidcompoundiscommonlyused to prevent (*)drowsiness. For the point, name thisstimulant found in tea and coffee. | Caffeine (acceptGuaranine; acceptMethyltheobromine) |
| This compound is industrially produced in the anthra-quinone [[an-thrah-KWIH-nohn]] process. A solution of ferrous iron and this compound is used to treat drinking water as Fenton's reagent. Within eukaryotic [[yoo-"care"-ee-AH-tik]] cells, specialized (+) vacuoles use catalase [[KAT-ah-"lace"]] to break down this compound into water and (*) oxygen. For the point, name this compound with formula H2O2 which, like isopropyl alcohol,iscommonlyusedasafirstaid antiseptic. | Hydrogen Peroxide (acceptH2O2before mentioned;prompt on "peroxide") |
| Along with zinc and copper, this element can be extracted with the Albion [[AL-bee-un]] process. Common ores of this element include nagyágite [[nahg-YAH-gite]], petzite and krennerite, from which this element can be extracted through (+) cyanide leaching. Iron pyrite superficially resembles this element, lending it the nickname (*) "fool's" this element. For the point, name this highly conductive precious metal known for its yellow color. | Gold (acceptAu) |
| These biomes are the predominant environment in which the European chamois [[sham-WAH]] goat-antelope is found.Thepika[["PIE"-kah]]isacloserabbit relative found in these biomes. Guanacos [[gwah-NAH-kohs]] and vicuñas [[vih-KOO-nyahs]] (+) are two South American camelids [[KAM-eh-lids]] noted for living in these biomes. Plant-life on these biomes typically stops (*) above the snow line. For the point, name these high-altitude biomesfound in places such as the Himalayas. | Mountains (acceptAlpine; acceptMountainrange; acceptHighlands; accept HimalayanMountains) |
| This thinker was the first to note the color-changing camouflage of octopuses in his book History of Animals. In On the Heavenly Spheres, this thinker claimed that the stars were (+) suspended in an imperishable aether [[AY-ther]]. This thinker posited the prime mover in his (*) Physics. For the point, name this Greek philosopher who wrote the Nichomachean [[nih-koh-mah-KEE-an]] Ethics and tutored Alexander the Great. | Aristotle (orAristoteles) |
| Several patients with aphakia [[ah-FAY-kee-ah]] have claimed to be able to perceive this kind of radiation. Thistypeofradiationcreatesfreeradicalsbyreacting with CFCs, which can damage the ozone layer. This kind of radiation creates (+) vitamin D from ergosterol [[er-GAH-steh-rol]] and 7-dehydrocholesterol [[dee-hy-dro-"cholesterol"]]. The primary cause of (*) sunburns, for the point, what is this typeofelectromagneticradiationwhichhaswavelengthslongerthanx-rays,butshorter than visible light? | UltravioletRadiation (orUVRadiation; prompton "radiation") |
| One technology using this type of radiation was invented by Manne Siegbahn [[MAH-neh SEEG-bahn]]. A type of crystallography using this radiation was used by Rosalind Franklin to take a (+) photo of the structure of DNA. The discovery of this type of radiationearnedWilhelmRöntgen[[RENT-gen]](*)aNobelPrizeinPhysics.For the point, name this type of radiation with a lower frequency than gamma rays, which can be used to image bones. | X-rays (orX-Radiation; acceptRöntgen Radiationbefore "Röntgen") |
| In a wheel and axle system with equal wheel and axle mass, this quantity for the wheel is equal to mass times radius squared. For a belt and pulley system, this quantity is equal to the (+)axialforceonthebeltmultipliedbytheradiusofthedrive pulley. This quantity, symbolized tau, is the time derivative of angular(*)momentum. For the point, name this rotational analogue of linearforce. | Torque (acceptMoment,Moment of force,Rotationalforce, orTurning effect) |