| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A replica of this structure in Alliance, Nebraska was made from cars spray-painted grey. Early construction at this site included a round ditch and pits known as Aubrey holes. The material for this structure may have been quarried in Marlborough Downs or Wales. The sarsen trilithons that make up the outer ring of this structure were built using mortise and tenon joints, and they align with the sun during the summer and winter solstice. For ten points, name this Neolithic structure on Salisbury Plain in Southern England. | Stonehenge |
| In this war, Hanover was forced to withdraw after the Convention of Klosterzeven, then re-entered after the Battle of Rossbach. The Diplomatic Revolution led to the setup of this war’s alliances. This war was motivated in part by an Austrian desire to recover Silesia. It began with an invasion of Saxony and ended with the Treaty of Paris between Britain and France. For ten points, name this global war between European powers that ended in 1763, often considered the first “World War” for its theaters in North America and India. | Seven Years’ War |
| This man competed with Christopher Columbus’ unhappy son as the governor of Puerto Rico. In 1521, this man was mortally wounded in a skirmish with the Caloosahatchee by a poisoned arrow; his men sailed him to Havana, where he died. For ten points, name this Spanish explorer, the first European to set foot in the modern United States, whose 16th century travels in Florida did not find the Fountain of Youth. | Juan Ponce de Le´on |
| This man is in the center of a mosaic in the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, which was conquered by the man to his right in that mosaic. The first appearance of Yersinia pestis in Europe occurred during a plague named for this man. Belisarius conquered the Vandals for this ruler, whose reign was described in Procopius’s Secret History. The Nika Riots opposed this husband of Theodora. For ten points, name this Byzantine emperor who published a law code in 529 AD. | Justinian I (or Justinian the Great) |
| Paul Rothemund of Caltech initiated the practice of using this material for origami. Its function was demonstrated through the use of sulfur and phosphorous to label bacteriophages in a 1952 experiment performed by Hershey and Chase. This molecule’s structure was determined with the aid of X-ray diffraction images taken by Rosalind Franklin. For ten points, name this molecule whose double-helix structure was determined by Watson and Crick and that carries our genetic code. | Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA |
| This religion was favored by Gratian, who removed the Altar of Victory in favor of this religion. This religion came into conflict with the cults of Mithras and Sol Invictus. Early branches of this religion included Arianism and Nestorianism. The Edict of Milan legalized the practice of this religion; earlier, members of this religion were forced to fight in the Colosseum. For ten points, name this religion that was persecuted in Rome until the reign of Constantine the Great. | Christianity |
| Into the early 20th century, these people had to undergo privy examinations to be sure they were of sound mind to sell their property. The legal doctrine of coverture removed legal rights, such as the right to enter contracts, from these people, and these people were not allowed to apply for credit cards until 1974. The Cult of Domesticity detailed proper values for, for ten points, what class of people whose votes were claimed by anti-suffragists to merely double or negate those of their husbands? | (married) women (accept equivalents, such as wives, girls, etc.) |
| Description acceptable. In 1980, Reinhold Messner became the first person to perform this action solo. In 1975, Junko Tabei became the first woman to perform this action, which often involves traversing the Khumbu Icefall. After performing this action in 1988, Jean-Marc Boivin paraglided for his descent down to Camp 2. In 1953, Tenzing Norgay and Sir Edmund Hillary became the first people to accomplish, for ten points, what feat of conquering the tallest peak in the Himalayas? | climbing Mount Everest (or descriptions of summitting or reaching the top of Mount Everest) |
| This man died at Otrar while planning an invasion of Ming China. This man’s corpse was exhumed just before Operation Barbarossa by Soviet anthropologists. He began his rise to power from Transoxiana, and his descendant Ulugh Beg built an observatory in this man’s capital city. He constantly came into conflict with the Chagatai Khanate, won the Battle of Ankara, and executed Bayezid I. For ten points, name this legendary builder of skull pyramids, a crippled Mongol who conquered a huge empire based in Samarkand. | Timur the Lame (or Tamerlane) |
| This President nearly went to war with Great Britain after the USS San Jacinto arrested John Slidell and James Mason from aboard the RMS Trent. This President’s administration threatened the end of food shipments to England if they recognized the United States’ opponent, for whom a British shipyard built a warship, the Alabama. For ten points, name this U.S. president whose relations with textile-dependent England were strained by war with the cotton-producing Confederacy. | Abraham Lincoln |
| This organization ran the Addiscombe College for prospective officers in the Presidency armies. This organization was opposed by governors called Polygars. This organization was opposed by Tipu Sultan, who fought four Mysore Wars against it. Its ascent to power began after Robert Clive won the Battle of Plassey against the Nawab of Bengal, who had orchestrated the Black Hole of Calcutta. For ten points, name this joint stock company that conquered most of the Indian subcontinent for England. | British East India Company (prompt on “East India Company” alone) |
| The British East India Company lost control of India after this event, in which Indian soldiers revolted after being given rifle cartridges greased with animal fats. | Sepoy Mutiny (or Indian Rebellion of 1857, accept equivalents for mutiny and rebellion) |
| German saboteurs damaged this landmark in the 1916 Black Tom explosion. This structure’s completion was celebrated by the world’s first ticker-tape parade. It was built on what was then known as Bedloe’s Island, thanks in part to Joseph Pulitzer’s fundraising drive. This statue depicts a broken chain at the feet of a woman holding a tablet reading “July 4, 1776.” Frederic Bartholdi designed, for ten points, what green-hued statue in New York Harbor? | Statue of Liberty |
| What poem, written by Emma Lazarus to help raise money for the acquisition of the Statue of Liberty, states “Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free”? | The New Colossus |
| Adolphe Thiers’ [tee-ayrz] desire to establish this river as a border led to an 1840 crisis. A bridge over this river at Remagen was notably captured intact by American forces during World War II. Operation Market Garden was a failed attempt to cross this river, which passes by the heavily industrialized Ruhr region. A capital city on this river was Bonn, and this river served with the Danube as the northern border of the Roman Empire. For ten points, name this prominent river in western Germany. | Rhine River |
| The Rhineland surrounding the river was subject to Allied occupation and this other condition after the Treaty of Versailles. Hitler’s violation of this condition was met with appeasement from France and Germany. | demilitarisation (accept equivalents like forbidding and/or decreasing military activity in the Rhineland) |
| One member of this party gave the longest Presidential inauguration speech in history. This party won the “log cabin and apple cider” campaign by depicting a wealthy nominee as a man of the people nicknamed “Tippecanoe.” Its only two elected presidents were both generals who died in office. This party nominated leader Henry Clay to oppose James Polk, and many of its members eventually became Republicans. For ten points, name this party that served as the rivals of the Democrats from about 1833 to 1854. | Whig Party |
| This final Whig President gained power after the 1850 death of his predecessor. | Millard Fillmore |
| One work about this phenomenon uses the research of Adolph Wagner and Henry Morselli and states that it can be caused by “excessive individuation” or oppressive discipline. A work titled for this phenomenon theorized that differences in social integration caused this to be more common in Protestants than in Catholics. This phenomenon was separated into altruistic, egoistic, and fatalistic types in a famous case study by Emile [ay-meel] Durkheim. For ten points, name this oft-studied tragic human behavior, the ending of one’s own life. | suicide |
| Durkheim argued that a fourth form of suicide is motivated by this phenomenon, characterized by a lack of social direction and moral confusion. | anomie |
| This man was Commanding General of the US Army during the Nez Perce War and the Great Sioux War. During one campaign, he constantly outflanked Joseph Johnston and decisively defeated John Bell Hood. This man’s soldiers twisted train tracks around trees to create his namesake neckties as part of his strategy of “hard war.” For ten points, name this Civil War general, a lieutenant of Ulysses Grant, who presented Savannah to President Lincoln for a Christmas gift and burned Atlanta during his March to the Sea. | William Tecumseh Sherman |
| Sherman was a division commander during this April 1862 battle where Grant defeated the Confederates near Pittsburg Landing in Tennessee. | Battle of Shiloh |
| This politician was heavily criticized for promoting the idea of a government-funded news website called JustIN. As governor in 2015, he allowed five counties in the south of his state to operate needle exchange programs in an attempt to curb an HIV outbreak. In March 2015, Angie’s List threatened to leave this governor’s state after he signed the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, which was criticized as a cover for LGBT discrimination. For ten points, name this current Governor of Indiana and running mate of Republican nominee Donald Trump. | Mike Pence |
| In March 2016, Mike Pence signed Bill HB 1337 into law, tightening restrictions on this action. In 2015, the Center for Medical Progress was criticized for altering videos that secretly recorded meetings with physicians who perform this action. | abortion |
| This country formed after the union of a namesake duchy, Styria, and Carinthia. The Privilegium MaiusgavethiscountrythetitleofArchduchy.ThiscountrycameintoconstantconflictwiththeOttomans over territories in Transylvania. Klemens von Metternich led a peace conference in this country’s capital in 1814. For ten points, name this country that was ruled by the Habsburgs, joined in a Dual Monarchy with Hungary, and hosted the Congress of Vienna. | Austria (or Osterreich) |
| The Congress of Vienna was largely dictated by one of these political alliances. The Seventh of these fought Napoleon during the Hundred Days, while the defeat of the Third one led to the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. | coalitions (accept Seventh and/or Third Coalitions) |
| Modern U.S. state that Mormons settled, founding Salt Lake City, after fleeing persecution. | Utah |
| Founder of Mormonism and mentor of Brigham Young. | Joseph Smith |
| State whose city of Nauvoo was the site of the founder’s 1844 assassination. | Illinois |
| Name of the religious movement, shortened to LDS, that subscribes to Mormon theology. | Latter Day Saints Movement (accept any elaboration, including descriptions of the (Church of) Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints or other churches) |
| Mormon practice of keeping multiple wives, which caused tension with American settlers. | polygamy |
| Material on which the Book of Mormon was passed to humanity from the angel Moroni. | golden plates |
| Unrecognized state founded by Mormon settlers that covered most of the Mexican Cession. | State of Deseret |
| 1857 massacre of the Fancher-Baker party by Mormons that led to conflict between the Mormons and the U.S. | Mountain Meadows Massacre |
| Religious group persecuted by Louis the Ninth for charging interest on loans, an example of anti-Semitism. | Jewish people |
| Mountainous country east of France from which Louis the Twelfth hired many mercenaries. | Switzerland |
| Shared name of cathedrals in Rheims, where many French kings were crowned, and Paris, which translates as “Our Lady.” | Notre Dame |
| Lowest class of feudal society, whose peasant members were allowed by Louis the Tenth to buy their freedom. | serfs |
| Husband of Marie Antoinette. | Louis XVI [16] (prompt on Louis) |
| Duchy, once led by William the Conqueror, that Louis the Sixth tried to recover from England. | Normandy |
| Kingdom that failed to renew its Auld Alliance with France during the reign of Louis the Eleventh. | Kingdom of Scotland |
| Dynasty that rose to power after the death of Louis the Fifth, from which all subsequent French kings were descended. | House of Capet |
| Country that he ruled, the largest in South America. | Empire of Brazil |
| Artistic hobby he brought to his country when he purchased a daguerrotype machine. | photography |
| Church that he fought with, the most populous religion in his country. | Roman Catholic Church |
| Law that abolished slavery in his country, signed by Pedro’s daughter Isabel. | Golden Law |
| Rival country to the south that opposed him from Buenos Aires across the Rio de la Plata. | Argentina (or the Argentine Confederation) |
| War fought during his reign that united three countries against Paraguay. | War of the Triple Alliance |
| Royal house he belonged to, which ruled Portugal after the fall of the Aviz. | House of Braganza |
| Modern-day country whose land was the subject of the Cisplatine War. | Uruguay |
| This program required the creation of the Persian Corridor into Azerbaijan. This program, which effectively nullified the Neutrality Acts, was preceded by a system of (+) trading destroyers for bases and replaced the “cash and carry” system once British money ran out. Franklin Roosevelt’s announcement that the United States would be the (*) “Arsenal of Democracy” promoted, for ten points, what American aid program the supplied the Allies with war materiel and loans in exchange for American use of military bases? | Lend-Lease Act (or Bill or Law; accept descriptive answers that describe American lending and leases of military bases) |
| The final place of employment for this novel’s protagonist is at Tommy Hind’s hotel. A boy in this novel drowns in a puddle of dirty water after his teenage mother Ona dies in childbirth. The phrase (+) “Chicago will be ours!” is chanted at a socialist rally attended by the Lithuanian immigrant Jurgis Rudkus at this novel’s conclusion. The 1906 Pure (*) Food and Drug Act was passed in response to, for ten points, what novel about the Chicago meatpacking industry, written by Upton Sinclair? | The Jungle |
| As Home Secretary, this politician successfully appealed the European Court of Human Rights’ decision to prevent Abu Qatada from being deported. Shortly after this leader took office, the Department of Energy and Climate Change was abolished. This leader has said that (+) Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty will not be invoked in 2016, despite a referendum held calling for her country to (*) leave the EU. For ten points, name this current Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, the second woman to hold that position. | Theresa May |
| This man’s forces were betrayed on a journey to Messina by his hired Cilician pirates; shortly after, he was denied a truce, then decisively beaten and killed at the Siler (+) River. A single man volunteered to lead an army to defeat this former murmillo; the practice of killing every tenth soldier, or decimation, was reintroduced for discipline purposes by that volunteer, (*) Crassus. After this leader lost the Third Servile War, his followers were crucified along the Appian Way. For ten points, name this first century BC Greek soldier who led a failed slave revolt after escaping captivity as a Roman gladiator. | Spartacus |
| This man lived in exile for several years in a Novotel Hotel, where he was interviewed by Brian Barron. This ruler allowed Air France Flight 139 to land in his nation, leading (+) Israel to retaliate with Operation Entebbe. This ally of Muammar Gaddafi and former officer of the King’s African Rifles declared himself King of (*) Scotland and forced all Asians in his country to leave, but was overthrown after a failed attempt to annex Kagara from Tanzania. For ten points, name this eccentric Ugandan dictator during the 1970s. | Idi Amin Dada |
| Henry Lawton’s 2nd Division was unable to reach this battle in time because they were held up at the Battle of El Caney. At this battle, troops under Jacob Kent and Samuel Sumner were subjected to deadly Mauser fire while waiting for Lawton in an area known as (+) Hell’s Pocket or Bloody Ford. The 10th Cavalry Buffalo Soldiers was the only unit to assault both the stronghold that names this battle and its lower counterpart, (*) Kettle Hill. For ten points, name this July 1st, 1898 battle in which Teddy Roosevelt led a charge of the Rough Riders during the Spanish-American War. | Battle of San Juan Hill (or San Juan Heights; do not prompt on San Juan alone) |
| The Boston police threatened this person with a $100 fine for using a dominant seventh chord in his arrangement of The Star-Spangled Banner. Allied victory in World War II inspired the coda of this composer’s Symphony in Three Movements, and a dissonant chord represents the title (+) puppet in a ballet he wrote for Serge Diaghilev’s Ballet Russes. Another piece by this composer of Petrushka, in which a young girl dances herself to death in a sacrificial rite, (*) caused a riot at its 1913 premiere. For ten points, name this Russian composer of the Rite of Spring. | Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky |
| This general went around the Gazala Line to defeat Claude Auchinleck and stopped Operation Battleaxe. He commanded Army Group B in defense of Northern Italy and designed the Atlantic (+) Wall. A tank division he commanded was nicknamed the “Ghost” Division for moving to fast to be tracked. He launched several offensives aimed at (*) Cairo, but was defeated by Bernard Montgomery at the Battle of El Alamein. For ten points, name this Nazi German commander of the North African campaign, nicknamed the “Desert Fox.” | Erwin Rommel |
| The Wangara people were essential in the trade of this commodity. Bambouk and Nubia were notable suppliers of this resource, whose discovery in Witwatersrand [vit-vat-ers-rand] led to the Second Boer War. Bedouins crossed the Sahara to trade (+) salt for this commodity in Timbuktu. The (*) funerary masks of Agamemnon and Tutankamun were made of, for ten points, what precious metal that is found in electrum coins with silver? | gold |
| What Soviet foreign minister negotiated a non-aggression pact with Joachim von Ribbentrop and is the namesake of an anti-tank “cocktail” created by Finnish soldiers? | Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov (accept Molotov cocktail) |