| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| During the wrapup of this war, the winning side lost 80 men at the Devil's Hole Massacre. A group of vigilantes, who believed that this war was not prosecuted aggressively enough, began killing Susquehannocks in the Conestoga Massacre and was known as the Paxton Boys. At the Siege of Fort Pitt during this war, Jeffrey Amherst ordered the distribution of smallpox-infected blankets. This war was largely brought to a close with the British victory at Bushy Run over the namesake Odawa chieftain. For ten points, name this 1760s Indian uprising in the Great Lakes area. | Pontiac's Rebellion (or Pontiac's War) |
| A conjecture named for this man posits the difficulties in sustaining a monopoly on non-resalable durable goods due to firms competing with themselves at different time periods. This longtime editor of a law and economics journal proposed that low-cost organizing and a "nexus of contracts" were reasons for the existence of the title entities in "The Nature of the Firm." When transaction costs are low, this man predicted that phenomena such as pollution can be negotiated away. For ten points, identify this Chicago- based 1991 Nobel laureate in Economics whose namesake theorem addresses negative externalities. | Ronald (Harry) Coase (accept Coase theorem; accept Coase conjecture) |
| The construction of this complex was delayed by the Ash Wednesday Storm, which destroyed a piledriver barge known as "Big D." Methods previously used near Baltimore by Ole Singstad were perfected to build this structure, which opened to traffic in 1964 under the leadership of longtime commission chair Lucius J. Kellam. This structure virtually ended more than 300 years of ferrying from the Eastern Shore to the Newport News-Norfolk region. For ten points, name this 17-mile complex that carries vehicle traffic across the harbor of Hampton Roads. | Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel (accept Lucius J. Kellam Jr. Bridge-Tunnel before "Lucius J. Kellam" is mentioned; do not accept or prompt on "Chesapeake Bay Bridge") |
| This exchange inspired the state motto of North Dakota. Samuel Foot's resolution to suspend land surveying was the nominal cause of this exchange, which involved a disciple of John C. Calhoun and provided the origin of a phrase slightly reworded in the Gettysburg Address. The Massachusetts-based participant in this exchange proclaimed, "Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable." For ten points, identify this four-day Senate debate in 1830 over tariff bills and larger issues of secession. | Webster-Hayne debate (accept in either order; accept answers describing the 1830 debate between Daniel Webster and Robert Y (oung) Hayne) |
| This man's cause was supported by Thomas Gordon and John Trenchard's Cato letters. This immigrant from the Palatinate transmitted accusations including inadequate defense of the harbors against French intelligence in his Weekly Journal. Despite impediments from Judge James DeLancey, Andrew Hamilton defended this man against charges of libeling Royal Governor William Cosby. For ten points, name this New York newspaper publisher who won a landmark free speech case in the 1730s. | John Peter Zenger (accept Zenger case) |
| Under the banner of this party, Pennsylvania's Joseph Ritner and Vermont's William Palmer both served gubernatorial terms. This party initiated the tradition of nominating conventions, and Thurlow Weed organized this party following public outcry over the presumed abduction and murder of William Morgan in Upstate New York. William Wirt ran in the 1832 presidential election for, for ten points, what short-lived political party that originally opposed a fraternal society? | Anti-Masonic Party (or Anti-Masons) |
| Lesser-known verses of this song refer to "sparkling sands of her diamond deserts" and "dust clouds rolling." This song was composed to rebut an unofficial national anthem that Kate Smith frequently performed in the 1930s, and this song lifted its melody from "When the World's on Fire" by the Carter family. The first and last verses of this song discuss a place extending "from California to the New York island." For ten points, name this song by Woody Guthrie that asserts common ownership of real estate. | "This Land is Your Land" |
| A 1997 monograph by José Brandão posits that this group replaced dead members by taking prisoners in "Mourning Wars." One of those wars fought by this group was an early 17th-century conflict with the French and Huron that was traditionally interpreted as having been fought over beaver fur trading. These people held that they were organized by the Great Peacemaker, and their other early heroes included the subject of an epic poem, Hiawatha. In 1722, the Tuscarora became the sixth member of, for ten points, what Indian confederacy of the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes regions? | Iroquois (or Haudenosaunee; accept Iroquois League; accept Iroquois Confederacy) |
| Roxie Stinson impeded the investigation of this scandal by submitting perjured testimony before admitting to never actually visiting the "Little Green House on K Street." Thomas Walsh's investigation of this scandal led to the ruling in McGrain v. Daugherty upholding Congress's right to legally compel witnesses. Edward Doheny and Harry Sinclair benefitted from this scandal, in which Interior Secretary Albert Fall was bribed. For ten points, name this 1920s scandal concerning the leasing of Navy-owned oil reserves. | Teapot Dome |
| This Cabinet member lobbied Harry Truman to financially pressure the Netherlands into recognizing the independence of Indonesia. Following the failure of Patrick Hurley's efforts, this man led a final namesake "mission" to China in an unsuccessful attempt to prevent the Chinese Civil War from resuming after World War Two. This man was the first uniformed officer to serve as Secretary of Defense, doing so in the midst of the Korean War after earlier endorsing a 13 billion dollar program as Secretary of State. For ten points, identify this namesake of a postwar "plan" for European recovery. | George Marshall (or George Catlett Marshall, Jr.; accept Marshall Mission; accept Marshall Plan) |
| In 1943, students from this university staged early sit-ins at United Cigar and the Little Palace Cafeteria. This university hosts the Moorland-Spingarn Research Center documents archive, and its students publish The Hilltop, a newspaper founded by Zora Neale Hurston. This university was named after the head of the Freedmen's Bureau who became its president in 1869. For ten points, name this historically Black college in Washington, D.C. | Howard University (accept Oliver Otis Howard; prompt on "HU") |
| In this country, a plebiscite organized by Buenaventura Báez strongly supported annexation by the United States. This country's gavilleros [[gah-vee-YEH-rohss]] opposed Harry Knapp and Sumner Welles's American occupation of this country, which lasted from 1916 to 1924. A dictator of this country negotiated the end of U.S. financial oversight with Cordell Hull and organized a racially integrated baseball league that attracted many American stars in the 1930s. In 1961, the CIA supported the assassination of, for ten points, what country's dictator, Rafael Trujillo [[troo-HEE-yoh]]? | Dominican Republic (or Republica Dominicana; or La Dominicana; accept Santo Domingo; accept the Dominican) |
| An editorial cartoon series, whose name is a play on words of this publication's title, originated the popular anti-George W. Bush poem "Make the Pie Higher." This publication falsely reported the death and replacement by an imposter of Titan Leeds. Over time, "Father Abraham" took over as the narrating persona of this publication, displacing a fictitious man surnamed "Saunders." For ten points, name this book containing a variety of weather forecasts and entertaining reading material that was published annually from 1732 to 1758 by Benjamin Franklin. | Poor Richard's Almanack |
| A 1.5 billion dollar judgment was entered against this company for its role in artificially creating a supply shortage that partly led to the California recall election of Grey Davis. The practices of this company and its accountancy firm were the main impetus for passing the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. This company's failure led to the closure of the Arthur Andersen accounting firm, the criminal trial of Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey Skilling, and the renaming of a baseball field to Minute Maid Park. For ten points, name this Texas-based energy company that collapsed in an accounting scandal in 2002. | Enron Corporation |
| This man's letter to British ambassador Richard Pakenham [[PAK-en-am]] outlined Southern plans for the expansion of slavery during his time as Secretary of State under John Tyler. This man used the phrase "positive good" to argue in favor of slavery and wrote the South Carolina Exposition and Protest justifying nullification and secession. This man's wife, Floride, orchestrated the social shunning of Peggy Eaton in the Petticoat Affair. For ten points, name this pro-slavery South Carolinian who was both John Quincy Adams's and Andrew Jackson's vice-president. | John C (aldwell) Calhoun |
| Recent critics have suggested that many of this author's books were ghostwritten by her daughter, a libertarian political activist named Rose. The first book in this author's main series described hauling home huge buckets from a successful sugaring-off and daily tasks, including looking after cows. This author follows her family's travels from Wisconsin to Kansas and South Dakota in volumes such as By the Shores of Silver Lake, set during her 1860s and 1870s childhood. For ten points, name this author of Little House in the Big Woods and Little House on the Prairie. | Laura (Elizabeth) Ingalls Wilder (accept Laura (Elizabeth) Ingalls) |
| After receiving over $200,000 from this country, Jimmy Carter's brother, Billy, registered as a foreign agent. Aircraft from this country were shot down after firing on American jets in the Gulf of Sidra Incident. This country was targeted in Operation El Dorado Canyon following its bombing of the La Belle nightclub, which killed U.S. soldiers in West Berlin. A dictator of this country was revealed to travel with an album full of photos of Condoleezza Rice. For ten points, name this country whose longtime dictator Muammar Gaddafi visited the U.S. in 2009. | State of Libya (or Dawiat Libiya) |
| In 1995, this group's leadership, which refers to itself as "faithful and discreet slaves," promulgated a doctrinal change in which it abandoned the notion that Armageddon will occur in the lifetime of people born before 1914. Members of this group were prosecuted in the "fighting words" case, Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, and won the right to refrain from the Pledge of Allegiance in West Virginia v. Barnette. For ten points, name this religious group that evolved from Charles Taze Russell's followers, which publishes The Watchtower and practices door-to-door evangelism. | Jehovah's Witnesses |
| The Sampson Board made a controversial finding about this ship, which was the subject of a 1976 book by Hyman Rickover. Following an incident involving this ship, Frederic Remington was dispatched to make illustrations as the New York Journal and New York World whipped up a frenzy using "yellow journalism." Calls to "remember" this ship were rhymed with "to hell with Spain!" For ten points, name this U.S. Navy vessel that exploded in Havana harbor in 1898, providing one cause for the Spanish-American War. | USS Maine (accept "Remember the Maine") |
| As a result of this event, the father of future NFL commissioner Roger Goodell was appointed to finish out a term of office. The perpetrator of this event was restrained by football player Rosey Grier and journalist George Plimpton. This event, perpetrated by an Arab immigrant from Jerusalem who was angry about one man's position on the Six-Day War, took place while that man was shaking the hand of busboy Juan Romero at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles. For ten points, identify this June 1968 event for which Sirhan Sirhan was convicted. | Assassination of Robert (Francis) Kennedy (accept RFK; accept synonyms for assassination; prompt on "Kennedy") |
| Albert Bickmore lobbied many wealthy men to fund a new home for this institution, which began in the Arsenal Building. In 2019, construction began at this institution to add an annex named for a man who set up a PhD program there, Richard Gilder. The part of this museum now known as the Spitzer Hall of Human Origins opened in 1921 as the U.S.'s first full-scale exhibit on evolution. In 2019, this museum began relabeling many exhibits involving indigenous peoples. The "squid and the whale" diorama is found at, for ten points, what Manhattan museum with many exhibits on both zoology and anthropology? | American Museum of Natural History (do not accept or prompt on "National Museum of Natural History" or "Smithsonian Museum of Natural History") |
| Two answers required: These two people signed the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty following the Washington Summit. In a meeting at Reykjavík, these two people tentatively agreed to eliminate nearly all nuclear weapons before a dispute over the Strategic Defense Initiative derailed the conference. During a June 1987 speech at the Brandenburg Gate, one of these people demanded of the other, "Tear down this wall!" For ten points, name these two national leaders who negotiated arms control during U.S.-Soviet summits in the 1980s. | Ronald (Wilson) Reagan and Mikhail (Sergeyevich) Gorbachev |
| An assistant coach on this team alleged that its head coach intentionally threw an exhibition game that it lost 62-54 in Southern California to college players. A foul called on a member of this team against Herlander Coimbra was the only point scored against them during a 46-point run in this team's game with Angola. Magic Johnson, Charles Barkley, and Michael Jordan were part of, for ten points, what team that easily won the gold medal in Barcelona as the first national team to include NBA players? | Dream Team (or 1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team; prompt on partial answers) |
| Homer Morehouse died while participating in this fad, which was popularized by Alma Cummings. A revival of this fad began in 1969 after the release of the film adaptation of Horace McCoy's novel They Shoot Horses, Don't They? and is still used as a charity fundraiser at many universities. Participants in the original form of this fad were required to remain standing to avoid disqualification, though often one partner in a couple at a time could sleep while the other kept the pair moving. For ten points, name these contests popularized in the 1920s in which people moved to music for as long as possible. | Dance marathons |
| This man was vindicated by a court-martial brought by Peleg Wadsworth over his conduct during the disastrous Penobscot Expedition. A still-extant sheet metal company named for this man operated the first copper rolling mill in America. This man coordinated the work of about thirty amateur spies from the Green Dragon tavern, in which role he collaborated with Robert Newman to use the lanterns of the Old North Church for messaging. For ten points, name this silversmith whose "midnight ride" warned Patriots of the coming British troops at Lexington and Concord. | Paul Revere (accept Paul Revere's Midnight Ride) |
| This kind of event took place regarding two members of the Benham family in Wallingford, Connecticut. In Virginia in 1706, an event of this kind involved the "ducking" of Grace Sherwood. An 1878 dispute between Christian Scientists Daniel Spofford and Lucretia Brown is sometimes dubbed the last of these events in the U.S. In an earlier example of these events, Giles Corey was among those killed in a time period chronicled by Cotton Mather that started with accusations against Tituba [[TIT-yoo-bah]]. For ten points, what kind of dubious legal process took place in the 1690s in Salem, Massachusetts? | Witch trials (or Witchcraft trials; accept Salem witch trials; accept Connecticut witch trials; accept Ipswich witch trials; accept Second Salem witch trials) |
| An artifact found in this state contains a hole the size of a sixpence coin and an inscription beginning, "Be it known unto all men." That artifact is a hoax brass plate that Herbert Bolton planted in this state. Ivan Kuskov established Fort Ross in what is now this state, and part of this modern-day state was dubbed "New Albion" when Francis Drake landed here in 1579. For ten points, name this state whose early Russian and British claims gave way to ownership by Mexico until the Bear Flag Revolt. | California |
| Court proceedings over this organization's treatment of Lawrence Wollersheim discussed a procedure it calls "Fair Game." This organization operates a facility known as "The Hole" within its Gold Base compound in the Riverside, California area. This group's Operation Snow White involved attempts to destroy records of its conduct by infiltrating agencies such as the IRS. In 1993, this group was recognized as a tax-exempt religion in the U.S. while under the leadership of David Miscavige [[mis-KAV-ij]]. For ten points, name this religious organization founded by L. Ron Hubbard, to which Tom Cruise belongs. | Church of Scientology (or Scientologists) |
| Americans working in this field, such as Walter W. Grander and Roy Chapman Andrews, made a landmark 1920s expedition to China. While working in this field, Jack Horner advanced theories about nest-building and family structure based on finding eggs of Maiasaura in Montana. Michael Crichton [[CRY-ton]] and Steven Spielberg consulted with several members of this profession to create Jurassic Park. For ten points, name this profession which studies fossil remains such as those of dinosaurs. | Paleontology (accept Paleontologist; prompt on descriptive answers) |
| A controversy over a once-court martialed officer's inability to leave Denmark led to this kind of event in 1820 in Bladensburg involving James Barron. Charles Dickinson was involved in this kind of event in 1806 along with Andrew Jackson. After being called a "Puritan with the blackleg," Henry Clay instigated one of these events in which he precisely put a hole in a Virginia senator's coat. For ten points, name this kind of event which killed Stephen Decatur [[dee-KAY-tur]] and Alexander Hamilton. | Duels with pistols (or Dueling; accept "guns" in place of "pistols"; prompt on answers involving murder, killing, or similar words) |
| Supreme Court opposition to laws regulating this practice was ended in 1941's Darby Lumber case. Alexander McKelway lobbied for a bill against this practice that became the Keating-Owen Act, which was struck down in 1916's Hammer v. Dagenhart case. Most forms of agriculture are notably exempt from laws against this practice. For ten points, name this practice that was severely curtailed in the U.S. when the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 restricted most forms of employment for people under age 16. | Child labor (accept clear knowledge equivalents) |
| A 1948 antitrust consent decree named for one of these businesses ended their practices of circuit dealing, overbroad clearances, and block booking. These businesses were once grouped into the "Big Five" and "Little Three," the former of which included the Howard Hughes-owned RKO. These businesses are often sued by creators for practicing a characteristic form of accounting in which no product ever makes a profit. A 2020 repeal of the 1948 ruling will allow these businesses to directly operate exhibition facilities. For ten points, name these businesses including Universal, MGM, and Paramount. | Film studios (accept clear knowledge equivalents; prompt on "studios"; prompt on "Hollywood") |
| William Temple Hornaday founded a "society" named for these animals after submitting a report on their conservation. Scotty Philip began the resurgence of these animals, which were subject to Samuel Bedson's crossbreeding program starting in 1880. The Kansas Pacific Railroad originally hired William Cody to control these animals, which were targeted in a "last hunt" near Standing Rock by the Yanktonai and Lakota in 1882. For ten points, name these animals which were nearly exterminated from the Great Plains during attempts to deprive Indian tribes of traditional lifestyles. | American bison (or Bison bison; prompt on "buffalo") |
| Jesse Williams industrialized the process for making this good in America in 1851 in Rome, New York. Thomas Meacham gave a 1400-pound quantity of this good to Andrew Jackson, who invited the public to consume it from the entrance room of the White House. Edwin Traisman invented an extremely processed form of this food which was brought to market in 1952 and is now used by Pat's, Geno's, and other Philadelphia landmarks that serve it as a topping to steak sandwiches. For ten points, name this product which is heavily marketed by its top producer in the U.S., Wisconsin. | Cheese (accept American cheese; accept Cheez Whiz) |
| From about 1754 to 1800, settlement of the rural South was achieved by a "great road" named for these things that extended from Philadelphia to Augusta, Georgia. Samuel Gist bred horses specifically meant to pull these objects, which had a popular model named for a Lancaster County, Pennsylvania town. These objects moved at about two miles per hour in their heavy-duty Conestoga or more maneuverable "prairie schooner" models. Settlers of the western U.S. often formed "trains" of, For ten points, what vehicles that might be "covered?" | Wagons (accept Covered wagons; accept Great Wagon Road; accept Conestoga wagon; accept Wagon train) |
| As part of his attempted political comeback, this man wrote the autobiography A Time to Heal and criticized the incumbent's SALT TWO negotiations before proposing a "co- presidency" with Ronald Reagan. This man, who pledged to "Whip Inflation Now," was targeted by two former Manson Family members in two failed assassination attempts within three weeks after taking office under the terms of the 25th Amendment. For ten points, name this Michigan native who succeeded to the presidency in 1974 on the resignation of Richard Nixon. | Gerald Ford (or Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr.; or Leslie Lynch King, Jr.) |