| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A corporation tax introduced by this bill was upheld by the Supreme Court in Flint v. Stone Tracy. Strong popular opposition to this bill, which also established free trade with the Philippines, led to Democrats and progressive Republicans successfully campaigning against William Howard Taft's coalition during the midterm elections, shifting control of the House. This was the next major revision of tariff rates after the record-setting Dingley Tariff and was greatly rolled back four years later by the Underwood-Simmons Tariff. For the point, name this compromise tariff bill of 1909. | Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act |
| A man with this surname was Abraham Lincoln's emissary to offer a Union army command to Robert E. Lee in 1861 and earlier edited the pro-Democratic Washington Globe. That man's sons with this surname included a vice-presidential nominee, whose extremely racist speeches were blamed for Horatio Seymour's 1868 election loss, and a Postmaster General who worked to keep Maryland in the Union. For the point, name this political family including Kitchen Cabinet member Francis Preston and Lincoln ally Montgomery. | Blair family (accept the Blairs; accept Francis Preston Blair, Sr., Francis Preston Blair, Jr., or Montgomery Blair) |
| Both this man and his cousin, Charles, were part of a 1776 expedition to Montreal that tried to convinced Quebec to join the American Revolution. This man and other patriots from his order met at White Marsh to break away from London's vicar and organize a new national church. In a later position, this man named Robert Plunkett the first president of a new school that he founded in 1790. Benjamin Franklin recommended this Jesuit to Pope Pius VI for a seat created in Maryland. For the point, name this founder of Georgetown University, the first Catholic archbishop in the U.S. | John Carroll |
| A memo from J. Edgar Hoover labeled this program "potentially the greatest threat to efforts by authorities to neutralize" its organizers. Ruth Beckford-Smith first oversaw this program in Oakland in 1969. This program was the largest component of the "Survival Programs" agenda, and at its peak involved 20,000 participants in 19 cities. In Chicago, helping with this program was Fred Hampton's first involvement in its sponsoring organization. For the point, identify this social program which fed children in the morning on behalf of a militant African-American organization | Black Panthers's free breakfast program (accept Free Breakfast for School Children Program; accept answers referring to a Free Breakfast for (School) Children Program and the Black Panthers; prompt on " (free) breakfast") |
| This device was the subject of competitions at the 1855 Paris Exposition, which was won by John Henry Manny's design, and the 1851 Crystal Palace Exhibition, where this device won a gold medal over Obed Hussey's entry. A crowd gathered from Steele's Tavern viewed this machine's public demonstration in 1831, six years before the equally labor- saving steel plow was demonstrated by John Deere. For the point, name this farm device whose first practical version was invented by Cyrus McCormick. | Mechanical reaper (or McCormick reaper) |
| Louis de Villiers [[duh-vil-YEH]] led men out of this location to avenge the Jumonville [[ZHOO-mahn-VEE-luh]] massacre. A failed attempt at capturing this location, which moved slowly due to the construction of a road along the way, was stopped ten miles south at the Battle of the Monongahela [[muh-NAHN-guh-HEE-luh]]. The Braddock Road was followed three years later by one named for John Forbes, who successfully took this location in 1758. For the point, name this fort in what is now downtown Pittsburgh, whose capture was a major objective of the French and Indian War. | Fort Duquesne [[doo-KEHN]] (be lenient on pronunciation; accept Fort Pitt before "Pittsburgh" is mentioned; prompt on "Fort Prince George") |
| This Supreme Court ruling, which was decided the day after the Colfax Massacre, included a dissent from Stephen Field that rejected the theory of two distinct "bundles of rights." John Campbell argued for the "right to labor for himself" in this case, which upheld the constitutionality of a sanitation monopoly. This set of cases found that the "privileges and immunities" clause of the 14th Amendment does not apply to state governments. For the point, name these 1873 rulings which arose out of a challenge to Louisiana's regulation of the meat industry. | Slaughter-House Cases |
| Handwriting analysis determined that the first nine sections of this law were written by William Paterson and the next fourteen by Oliver Ellsworth. James Madison criticized this law for failing to define the right to vicinage [[VISS-ih-nij]] of juries. This law authorized the formation of the U.S. Marshall Service, and this bill's Section 13, authorizing certain writs of mandamus, was declared unconstitutional in Marbury v. Madison. For the point, name this 1789 law that established the federal court system. | Judiciary Act of 1789 |
| The final legal action during this event was an injunction supporting an NLRB decision issued by then-District Judge Sonia Sotomayor. This event thwarted runs at statistical milestones by Matt Williams and Tony Gwynn. Near the end of this event, Peter Angelos [[AN-jeh-lohss]] refused to use replacement players due to working as a labor lawyer, a step also taken by the Toronto Blue Jays due to Canadian law. For the point, identify this labor action that caused the only cancellation of the World Series since 1904. | 1994 to 1995 Major League Baseball strike (accept answers referring to a baseball players' strike beginning in 1994; accept MLB in place of "Major League Baseball; prompt on "strike") |
| Music composed by Homer Rodeheaver was often featured at these events, which comprised the "kerosene circuit" travelled in the Midwest by former athlete Billy Sunday. A particular form of this event was popularized by Alexander Campbell and Barton Stone and originated with the "communion season" practice of Presbyterians. The "camp" form of these gatherings spread during the Second Great Awakening. For the point, name these boisterous gatherings of evangelical Protestant preaching. | Revival meetings (accept Revivals; accept Camp meetings before "camp" is mentioned; prompt on descriptive answers involving gatherings to hear Christian preaching) |
| This man chaired the Civil Service Loyalty Review Board during a 1951 to 1953 search for potential communists. This man lost his Senate seat to Augustine Longergan after a scandal over hiring lobbyist Charles Eyanson to write tariff bills. After writing a 1909 book retracing the steps of Simón Bolivar, this man climbed Mount Coropuma during a search for Vitcos and another lost city. For the point, name this American explorer who first publicized the site of Incan ruins at Machu Picchu in 1911. | Hiram Bingham III |
| The horse-drawn Leiper route was incorporated into this company, which was itself ultimately absorbed into Cyrus Eaton's Chessie System. This company was blocked from purchasing coal by a canal firm partially named for the Chesapeake, and thus diverted its main route south at Harpers Ferry. A warehouse named for this company, whose motto was "Linking 13 Great States with the Nation," stands beyond right field at Camden Yards. For the point, name this pioneering railroad originating in Maryland. | B&O railroad (or Baltimore and Ohio Railroad) |
| The first statement of this policy was formulated at the urging of Alfred E. Hippisley and William W. Rockhill. The failed Lansing–Ishii [[ee-SHE-ee]] Agreement attempted to reassert this policy as binding on Japan. The second of this policy's namesake "notes" urged respect for "territorial and administrative integrity" in the wake of an uprising endorsed by Cixi [[SEE-SHEE]]. For the point, identify this policy advocated by John Hay in which all countries were to have free trade with the entirety of China. | Open Door policy |
| This man threatened that anyone appealing his decisions to the central government would be "made a foot shorter" and could appeal in "pieces." Edward Hart drafted a document opposing this man's enforcement of religious meeting restrictions, after which he agreed to tolerate Quakers. This addressee of the Flushing Remonstrance often banged his wooden leg on tables for emphasis. For the point, name this final Dutch colonial governor of New Netherland prior to the British creation of New York. | Peter Stuyvesant [[STOY-veh-sant]] (or Petrus Stuyvesant) |
| Henry Ford commissioned an 88-foot-long product from this company known as the Fair Lane. Employees who worked on this company's flagship products were the subject of a 1920s meme about not being called "George" and were unionized by A. Philip Randolph. In support of a strike against this company, members of the ARU boycotted its products, leading to an injunction that was upheld in 1895's In re Debs case. For the point, name this company which chiefly manufactured railroad sleeping cars. | Pullman Company (or Pullman Palace Car Company; accept Pullman strike) |
| Stan Richard of WILD [[W-I-L-D]] and Wesley Hopkins of KYW in Cleveland were among the people investigated for this practice by Oren Harris's Legislative Oversight committee. At a hearing on this scandal, Phil Lind revealed that up to $22,000 changed hands in every instance of the namesake practice. Rock pioneer Alan Freed was fired from WABC as a result of this scandal. For the point name this scandal that culminated in 1962, in which radio stations and DJs accepted secret cash bribes to push certain records. | Payola scandal |
| During the battle over handing over these sources, the phrase "expletive deleted" became a national catchphrase after appearing in transcripts. John Sirica [[sih-RIH-kuh]] issued a subpoena for these media, which contained a "smoking gun" ordering the CIA to break the law. An image of a contorting Rose Mary Woods was circulated to explain an eighteen-minute gap in one of these media. For the point, name these recordings in which illegal activities surrounding the president's 1972 re-election campaign were discussed. | Watergate tapes (accept Nixon tapes, White House tapes, or Oval Office tapes) |
| Theodore Schulz rejected a call to resume this meeting's principles by stating "Santa Claus is dead." Harry Dexter White countered a plan at this meeting to found a global Clearing Union that traded in "bancors." The "gold window" part of this meeting's namesake "system" was abandoned in 1971. This meeting agreed to an initial 7.6 billion dollar round of funding for the World Bank. For the point, identify this 1944 meeting at a New Hampshire resort that pegged international currencies to the U.S. dollar. | Bretton Woods conference (accept United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference) |
| This justice's dissent in Adamson v. California advanced the theory of "total incorporation." As a senator, this man sponsored the "thirty hour bill" drastically limiting working hours. This jurist was said to have gone from "wearing white robes and scaring Black people to wearing black robes and scaring white people" during his transformation from KKK member to pro-civil rights Supreme Court justice. For the point, name this Alabama-born free speech absolutist whose 34-year Court tenure ended in 1971. | Hugo Black (or Hugo Lafayette Black) |
| This woman's second husband, Joseph, died after Britain captured the Lion in 1781. This person entered popular consciousness thanks to the efforts of her grandson, William Canby, in the 1870s. This person showed her uncle-in-law, George, who was a member of the Continental Congress, and George Washington how to fold a sheet into triangles and use a single cut to create a five-pointed star. For the point, name this Philadelphia upholsterer who legendarily created the first American flag. | Elizabeth Griscom "Betsy" Ross (accept Elizabeth Griscom; accept Elizabeth Griscom Ashburn; accept Elizabeth Griscom Claypoole) |
| National organizations which oppose this law include WAR and NARSOL. The 2003 Smith v. Doe Supreme Court case ruled that implementations of this law do not violate the ex post facto clause. The incident which led to the naming of this law took place in Hamilton, New Jersey in 1994 and was perpetrated by Jesse Timmendequas [[tee-mahn-DEH-kahs]]. This law expanded on the federal Jacob Wetterling Act to amend the omnibus 1990s crime bill. For the point, identify this model law on neighborhood notification of sex offenders, which is named for a girl killed by a released prisoner. | Megan's Law |
| This movement advocated four evenings of ritual followed by an all-night session that concludes with bathing in a river, in a cycle repeated every six weeks. The founder of this movement had a vision during a solar eclipse of white people being swallowed into the Earth. Wodziwob began this movement, which claimed to create namesake bulletproof shirts and was popularized by Wovoka prior to the Wounded Knee massacre. For the point, name this 1890 movement among American Indians based on a musical ritual. | Ghost Dance of 1890 (or Natdia or Nanissáanah) |
| A student at this university, Reade Seligmann, was targeted by coerced testimony from taxi driver Moezeldin Elmostafa. The open letter "What Does a Social Disaster Sound Like?" was signed by the "Group of 88" faculty at this university. Mike Nifong was disbarred as a result of actions against students from this university, which relied on accusations from Crystal Mangum. For the point, name this university whose men's lacrosse team was at the center of a false prosecution scandal in 2006. | Duke University |
| This production was repopularized after Jack O'Brien's 1976 revival at the Houston Grand Opera. Harry Belafonte refused to appear in the 1959 film adaptation of this show, leading to Sidney Poitier [[PWAH-tyeh]] taking the lead role. A song from this show, which is the most-recorded song of all time according to Guinness, discusses a season when "the livin' is easy." For the point, name this "folk opera" set among the Black population of South Carolina's Catfish Row which was composed by George Gershwin. | Porgy and Bess |
| A court case about this idea took note of a textbook in which a find-and-replace error produced the nonsense word "proponentsists." The book Of Pandas and People advanced this concept, which William Dembski argued is the only explanation for "specified complexity." The 2004 Kitzmiller v. Dover decision found that teaching this doctrine in public schools violated the Establishment Clause. For the point, name this movement which purported to offer a non-denominational alternative to the theory of evolution. | Intelligent design (prompt on "creationism" or "anti-evolutionism") |
| In this city, Jonas and Anne Catherine Green published a staunchly anti-British newspaper. This city was the temporary capital of the U.S. between Princeton and Trenton and was the location of George Washington's resignation as commander-in-chief. At Mann's Tavern in this city, representatives of twelve states agreed to a meeting with broader scope in Philadelphia the next year. A 1786 "convention" on the U.S. federal system was held in, for the point, what current home of the United States Naval Academy in Maryland? | Annapolis |
| On a sortie alongside Jacob Brown out of Sacketts Harbor, this man was killed when British troops blew up ammunition stores during a retreat. During two expeditions ordered by James Wilkinson, this man sought to find the source of the Mississippi River and was captured after wandering into Spanish territory following an unsuccessful attempt to climb a snow-covered mountain. For the point, identify this explorer who became the namesake of the highest mountain in the Front Range of the Rockies. | Zebulon Pike (or Zebulon Montgomery Pike) |
| This crop was the most commonly cultivated by slaves who arrived on the Lindo Packet, a ship owned by an inspector of this crop who regularly imported slaves from Barbados. This crop became more economically important after it was selected from an array of Antiguan seeds by the teenager Eliza Lucas. Prior to the rise of cotton, South Carolina's rice plantation industry was largely displaced in the mid-eighteenth century by this non-food crop. For the point, name this crop used to produce a blue dye. | Indigo (accept Indigofera tinctoria) |
| This man attempted to rescind his resignation from office after meeting with police and realtor interests, but was nonetheless replaced by Dan Horanzey. Douglas Schmidt's trial defense of this man relied on psychiatrist Martin Blinder's claim that his diet of snack cakes indicated depression, a strategy derided as the "Twinkie defense." Riots in the Castro district began after the acquittal of, for the point, what assassin who killed George Moscone [[mah-SKOH-nee]] and Harvey Milk in 1978 in San Francisco? | Dan White (or Daniel James White) |
| Gregore Sambor yelled through a megaphone at this group, "This is America, you have to abide by the laws of the United States." Everyone in this group's Osage [[OH-sej]] Avenue headquarters took the surname "Africa." After exchanging over 10,000 rounds of gunfire with this group in a 90-minute period, police were authorized by Mayor Wilson Goode to target this group's rooftop bunker from a helicopter. For the point, name this Black radical organization whose Philadelphia headquarters was bombed by police in 1985. | MOVE (accept Christian Movement for Life) |
| The announcement of this policy shift pre-empted the passage of the harsh Cullom- Struble Bill. This doctrinal change was made after a failed court challenge to the Edmunds- Tucker Act and was communicated by Wilford Woodruff in a manifesto that now comprises "Official Declaration 1" in the Doctrine and Covenants. A self-labeled "fundamentalist" splinter group led by Warren Jeffs rejects this doctrinal change, which paved the way for Utah's statehood. For the point, identify this shift in the Latter-Day Saints's policy on family composition. | Ending the practice of polygamy (accept descriptive answers referring to the Mormon, LDS, or Latter-Day Saints church ending, banning, or abandoning the practice of polygamy, polygyny, or plural marriage) |
| Jacob Perkins created a machine for artificially producing this substance, which was deployed by Alexander Twining in Ohio. Machinery for harvesting and storing this substance was invented by Nathaniel Wyeth. This substance was sold at a substantial markup to India by its so-called "king," Frederic Tudor. Thomas Moore invented a kitchen device which once required daily home delivery of this substance. For the point, what material's namesake "boxes" were used before the rise of electric refrigerators? | Ice (accept Frozen water or Solid water; prompt on "water") |
| Alice Wolfson, who became prominent as a 1960s critic of this product, led a feminist protest of the all-male Nelson Hearings on this product's safety. This product's effective ingredient levels were cut in half after Edris Rice-Wray noticed side effects in trials conducted in Puerto Rico. The FDA approved this product in 1960 under the trade name "Enovid." For the point, name this product that accelerated the sexual revolution by providing a reliable pharmaceutical method of preventing pregnancy. | Birth control pill (accept Oral contraceptive; accept Enovid before "Enovid" is mentioned; prompt on "The Pill" or "Birth Control") |
| After breaking the rules of an auction, this man was the first journalist to publicly describe the contents of the Zapruder film. In 1986, this man was assaulted by William Tager who yelled, "Kenneth, what is the frequency?" Typeface analysis discredited memos from the Texas Air National Guard that this man discussed on 60 Minutes II in 2004. For the point, name this 24-year host of the CBS Evening News who was ousted after presenting forged documents regarding George W. Bush's military service. | Dan Rather (or Daniel Irvin Rather, Jr.) |
| An event similar to this one was inflicted on Australians beginning at Sandakan. Midway through this larger atrocity, the Pantingan River Massacre occurred. Ordering this event was the chief reason that Homma Masaharu was sentenced to death. This action targeted people who were hiding in the Malinta Tunnel commanded by Jonathan Wainwright and lasted for sixty-five miles from Mariveles [[mah-ree-VEH-lehs]] to San Fernando. For the point, name this deadly April 1942 transfer of American and Filipino POWs. | Bataan death march |
| The earliest known words to this tune refer to the practice of exchanging unlimited buttermilk and one-tenth of the grain harvest for farm labor in the medieval Netherlands. The final word in the most lasting lyrics to this song, written by Harvard sophomore Edward Bangs, refers to an elaborate wig worn by extreme fashion devotees or "macaronis." For the point, name this patriotic song about a man who "stuck a feather in his cap" after he "went to town, riding on a pony." | "Yankee Doodle" |