| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This man wrote, "They have made a desert and call it peace" in a work that opens by describing the Year of the Four Emperors. (+) This historian wrote about the execution of a man named "Christus" by Pontius Pilate in a book that covers leaders between Augustus and Nero. (*) For the points, name this Roman historian of Agricola and the Annals. | Tacitus [[tah-SHE-tus (or Publius Cornelius Tacitus) |
| This man became embroiled in controversy after his handling of the Tláhuac [[TLAH-hoo-ahk]] lynching, in which two police officers were murdered. After this man lost the 2012 presidential election, he formed the MORENA (+) political party, which emerged out of the Movement for National Regeneration. Succeeding Enrique Peña Nieto (*) in 2018, for the points, who is this president of Mexico? | Andrés Manuel López Obrador ( or AMLO; prompt on "Lopez" or "Obrador") |
| One agreement signed in this city, between Pope Calixtus II and Henry V, ended the investiture controversy. At a meeting in this city, one man stated, "I am bound by the Scriptures I have quoted, (+) and my conscience is captive to the Word of God." A Rhineland city which was the site of an 1122 concordat, (*) for the points, what is this German city which hosted a 1521 Diet [[DEE-et]] at which Martin Luther was condemned as a heretic? | Worms [[VERMS]] (accept Concordat of Worms; accept Diet of Worms) |
| A philosopher as well as a scientist, this person wrestled with the problem of evil in his Théodicée [[teh-oh-dee-SEH]]. This man's optimistic conclusion on the topic of evil was satirized with a character called the "greatest (+) philosopher of the Holy Roman Empire," Professor Pangloss from Voltaire's Candide. Discovering calculus independently (*) of Isaac Newton, for the points, who was this German polymath? | Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz |
| John Chard earned a Victoria Cross for repelling a counteroffensive at this war's Battle of Rorke's Drift. Lord Chelmsford's forces were repelled by the Assegai at this conflict's Battle of (+) Isandlwana. British forces won the Battle of Ulundi during, (*) for the points, what war after which the English subjugated an African kingdom led by Chetswayo and founded by Shaka? | Anglo-Zulu War (prompt on partial answers) |
| During his reign, this authoritarian ruler sentenced leaders, such as Mehdi Ben Barka, to death. This, and his actions during the Years of (+) Lead, contributed to the BBC labeling this man’s human rights record as “appalling.” A member of the 'Alawi Dynasty, (*) for the points, who was this King of Morocco from 1961 to 1999? | Hassan II |
| The Vestal Virgin Tarpeia was killed by the shields of these people after she betrayed Rome to them. Romulus (+) betrayed these people by staging a kidnapping at the Neptune Equester festival. Suffering the mass abduction of women (*) at the hands of the Romans, for the points, who were these ancient Italic people? | Sabines (or Sabini; accept Abduction of the Sabine Women; accept "Kidnapping" or "Rape" in place of "Abduction") |
| In this incident, three American envoys were told they could not negotiate any treaty until they gave a substantial bribe to French minister Charles-Maurice (+) de Talleyrand-Périgord. Leading to an undeclared war between the U.S. and (*) France, for the points, what is this diplomatic incident with France during the John Adams administration? | XYZ Affair |
| This organization was founded in 1938 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt as the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis. From 1938 to 1955, this organization spent (+) more than $230 million on patient care and funded the work of Albert Sabin and Jonas Salk. Initially organized to combat polio, (*) for the points, what is this nonprofit organization that now works to lower infant mortality rates worldwide? | March of Dimes |
| Raffaello de Montelupo created statues of Rachel and Leah for this man's tomb, as well as a horned statue of Moses. This pope created the League (+) of Cambrai to oppose Venice and commissioned Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Sistine (*) Chapel. For the points, name this 16th-century "Warrior Pope." | Julius II (or Giuliano della Rovere; prompt on "Julius") |
| In 1956, this woman was one of the five plaintiffs in the case Browder v. Gayle, which overturned segregated bus laws in (+) Alabama. Like a later activist, this woman was arrested for refusing to give up her segregated seat on a Montgomery bus in 1955 at the age of 15, (*) but her case remained unpublicized due to her pregnancy. For the pointss, name this activist who preceded Rosa Parks. | Claudette Colvin (or Claudette Austin) |
| This man protested the Inquisition under Cardinal Granvelle and Governor Margaret of Parma. This man was shot and killed by the Burgundian Catholic, Balthasar Gérard, at the Prinsenhof in Delft. (+) After an illegal meeting of the Staten Generaal, this taciturn man was reinstated as Stadholder. Starting the Dutch Revolt against the Spanish Hapsburgs in the Eighty Years' War, (*) for the points, who was this Prince of Orange? | William the Silent (or Willem de Zwijger; accept William of Orange or or Willem van Oranje before "Orange" is mentioned; accept William the Taciturn before mentioned) |
| This battle was immediately preceded by the Battle of Blanchetaque, which occurred following a landing at Cotentin. The blind King John of Bohemia (+) died during this battle, which was followed by a siege of Calais. The Black Prince held his first command during this battle, which confirmed the supremacy of the English (*) Longbow. For the points, name this 1346 battle in Northern France. | Battle of Crécy |
| Most historians agree that this event occurred first during the Roman siege of Seleucia [[she-LOO-kee-ah]], and Cassius Dio, a Roman historian, said that (+) disease arose again nine years later. Troops returning from the Near East in the 2nd century brought on, (*) for the points, what pandemic that weakened the Roman Empire? | Antonine Plague (or the Plague of Galen; prompt on "Plague") |
| During this period's Jokyu Disturbance, the Hojo family defeated Go-Toba's forces at the Third Battle of Uji. The Kenmu (+) Restoration occurred after this period, which began after the defeat of the Taira clan in the Gempei War. "Divine winds," called kamikaze, (*) thwarted two Mongol invasions during, for the points, what first shogunate of Japan? | Kamakura Shogunate (accept Kamakura period) |
| This person was instrumental in establishing a policy for the social security program while in Franklin D. Roosevelt’s administration, and this person was one of only two people, along with Harold (+) Ickes [[IK-ees]], to serve on FDR's Cabinet for his entire presidency. Spending twelve years as the U.S. Secretary of Labor, (*) for the points, who was this first woman to serve in a presidential Cabinet? | Frances Perkins (or Fannie Coralie Perkins) |
| This psychologist created shortened mazes that caused rats to run into walls in the "Kerplunk" experiment. In another experiment, this psychologist used loud (+) noises to condition a baby to be afraid of white, fluffy things. Carrying out the (*) "Little Albert" experiment in 1920, for the points, who was this American behaviorist psychologist? | John B (roadus) Watson |
| Via the Treaty of Stolbovo, this husband of Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg cut off Russia's access to the Baltic. This general, who defeated Count Tilly (+) at Breitenfeld, was succeeded by Axel Oxenstierna [[OHK-sen-STYEHR-nah]] after his death at the Battle of Lützen. Known as the "Lion of the North," (*) for the points, who was this King of Sweden during the Thirty Years' War? | Gustavus Adolphus the Great (or Gustav II Adolf) |
| This man refused to succeed Lord Melbourne unless Queen Victoria fired many ladies-in-waiting in the Bedchamber Crisis. This man accepted the Reform Act of 1832 as "a final and irrevocable settlement of a great constitutional question" and advanced Conservative policies in the Tamworth (+) Manifesto. This man's creation of the Metropolitan Police Force in London led them to be nicknamed "bobbies." Having repealed the unpopular Corn Laws, (*) for the points, who was this British prime minister from 1841 to 1846? | Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet |
| This person once asked, “If God has predetermined for me salvation or damnation, how could any behavior of mine change my fate?” This person was put on trial for heresy (+) and sedition after accusing ministers of preaching works rather than grace during the Antinomian Controversy. (*) For the points, what female religious leader was banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony? | Anne Hutchinson (or Anne Marbury) |
| This Massachusetts representative worked with other Irish-American politicians to make the "Saint Patrick's Day Declaration" and to help bring an end to "The (+) Troubles" in Northern Ireland. The author of All Politics is Local and Other Rules of the Game, (*) for the points, who was opponent of Ronald Reagan, the third- longest serving Speaker of the House? | Thomas “Tip” O’Neill (or Thomas Phillip O'Neill Jr) |
| While only involving four countries, this war was the bloodiest in Latin America during the nineteenth century, concluding with the Battle of Cerro Corá. In the aftermath of this war, Brazil (+) was awarded portions of territory now included in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. This war concluded with the death of its instigator, Francisco Solano Lopez. (*) For the points, name this war whose victors were Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. | War of the Triple Alliance (accept Paraguayan War) |
| This person’s Anti-Trust Paradox nudged judges toward a more favorable view of trusts. Nominated by Ronald Reagan, this Yale Law School (+) professor faced heated discussions in his effort to replace Lewis Powell. The author of Slouching Toward Gomorrah, (*) for the points, who was this conservative judge whose 1987 nomination for the U.S. Supreme Court was defeated? | Robert Bork (or Robert Heron Bork) |
| In addition to painting the official White House portrait of Teddy Roosevelt, this artist painted a strap onto one of his subjects after his risqué depiction of (+) Virginie Gautreau [[goh-TROH]] caused outrage. This American artist caused a scandal at the 1884 Salon de Paris with his Portrait of Madame X. (*) For the points, who is this man, considered the leading portrait painter of his era? | John Singer Sargent |
| Pope Paul III convened this meeting that clarified the seven sacraments and led to the codification of the Tridentine Mass. The last ecumenical council before the 1869 First (+) Vatican Council, this meeting is considered to have made the key statements of the Counter-Reformation. (*) For the points, name this mid-16th century Catholic Church council which rebuked Protestantism. | Council of Trent (or Concilum Tridentinum) |
| In the Great Debate, Heber Curtis and Harlow Shapley debated the classification of this thing, citing theories surrounding "island universes." (+) The discovery of Cepheid [[SEE-fee-id]] variables inside this object, designated by Messier 31, ultimately proved that it was not a nebula. (*) For the points, name this closest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way. | Andromeda Galaxy (accept Messier 31 before mentioned; accept NGC 224; accept Andromeda nebula) |
| On top of its five vows, this religion has a supplementary vow of sallekhana involving fasting to death by its monks, rarely practiced today. The first leader (+) of this religion is Rishabhanatha and the last is Mahavira. This religion has 24 such leaders, called tirthankaras. Practicing ahimsa, or non-violence, (*) for the points, what is this Indian religion? | Jainism (or Jain Dharma; accept Jainist) |
| During this year, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched by the space shuttle Discovery. During this year, the U.S. began an air attack on Iraq (+) during the Gulf War, which was called Operation Desert Storm. The Soviet Union was effectively dissolved (*) during, for the points, what year in which Mikhail Gorbachev resigned as president of the Soviet Union? |