| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This scientist names inhibitory cells within the brain which are classified as Type One or Two based on their axon length. This man names a “stain” which was used to discover that brain tissue consists of individual neurons. An organelle named for this scientist passes vesicles [[VEH-sih-kuls]] through folds called cisternae [[sis-TER-nay]]. For the point, name thisItalianbiologistwhosenamesake"apparatus"packagesproteinswithin the cell. | CamilloGolgi[[GOHL-jee]] (acceptGolgiapparatus;acceptGolgicomplex; accept Golgibody; acceptGolgistain) |
| This structure's cortex is home to namesake granule [[GRAN-yool]] cells, the most common type of neuron in the brain. This structure contains a set of GABAergic [[gah-bah-EHR-jik]] inhibitory neurons called the Purkinje [[per-KIN-jee]] cells. This structure, which sits behind the pons, regulates motor control and balance. For the point, name this region of the lower brain, the name of which comes from the Latin for "little brain." | Cerebellum (prompt on "hindbrain"; prompton "little brain" or "brain" before mentioned; do not accept or prompt on "cerebrum") |
| When this substance is extruded underwater, it can form its "pillow" variety. This substance can be classified as either ʻaʻā[[AH-AH]]orpahoehoe[[pah-HOY-HOY]]basedon its texture and makeup. Pumice [[PUM-iss]] and obsidian are examples of igneous rocks formed by the cooling of this substance. For the point, name this form of molten rock created when magma reaches the Earth’s surface. | Lava (do not accept or prompt on "magma") |
| At the Kamioka Observatory, these particles were discovered to have mass by Takaaki Kajita [[tah-kah-AH-kee kah-JEE-tah]]. Beta-plus decay releases a positron, a neutron, and one of these one-half spin particles. These particles come in three flavors corresponding to electrons, muons [[MYOO-ons]],andtauons,betweenwhichtheyoscillate. For the point, name these neutrally charged leptons,which are nearly massless. | Neutrinos (accept Tauneutrinos; accept Muonneutrinos; accept Electron neutrinos; prompt on "fermions"; do not accept orprompt on "neutrons") |
| First described by Thomas Addison, an autoimmune diseaseimpactingthisorganis the most common cause of pernicious anemia. Infections withH.pyloribacteriaandmisuse of NSAID [[EN-sed]] painkillers are the most common causes of ulcers in this organ. This organ releases chyme [[KIME]] into the duodenum [[doo-AH-deh-num]] of the small intestine. For the point, name this organ that digestsfood with its namesake acid. | Stomach (acceptStomachacid) |
| A high-pressure solvent is forced throughabedoftightlypackedadsorbingmaterial in this technique's high-performance variety. This technique uses a mobile and stationary phase and can be demonstrated with a coffee filter andmarker.Forthepoint,namethislab technique used to separate mixtures using namesakepaper, which forms colorful bands. | Chromatography (accept High-performance orHigh pressure liquid chromatography; Accept Paperchromatography) |
| The planetary variety of these structures occur when a red giant expels its outer layers. ThePillarsofCreationareaformationwithinoneofthesestructuresnamedEagle.In the early 20th century, the Andromeda Galaxy was thought to be this galactic entity. The Crab is a well-known example of, for the point, what large star-forming clouds of dust and gas? | Nebulae (orNebulasl accept Reflectionnebula;accept Emissionnebula; accept Planetarynebula; accept Eaglenebula; accept Crab[a]nebula) |
| This force is independent of surface area in Amonton’s [[ah-mohn-TOHNS]] Law. This force is described by a namesake coefficient, represented withthelettermu[[MYOO]], and comes in dynamic and kinetic varieties. Causing your hands to warm up when yourub them together, for the point, what is this force whichresists an object’s motion? | Friction (accept Dynamicfrictionor Slidingfriction; accept Kineticfriction; accept Coefficient offriction) |
| This substance naturally sorts into distinguishable layers known as "horizon," and its “O”typecontainsthehighestamountoforganicmaterial.Loam[["LOW"-um]]isatypeof this substance particularly valuable for agriculture,andthissubstancecanbeenrichedwith humus [[HYOO-muss]]. This substance is composed of organic matter, sand, silt, and clay. For the point, identify this substance in which seedsare planted. | Soil (acceptDirt; acceptEarth) |
| One variety of these organisms can leave behind hardened scars known as their namesake "boot." Carmine dyes are made from a type of beetle that lives on these organisms, one species of which, Peyote [[peh-YOH-teh]], contains the hallucinogen mescaline [[MEH-skah-lin]]. The pin cushion and Saguaro are examples of, for the point, what desert plant which is covered in spines? | Cactus (orCacti; orCactuses; acceptCactaceae;accept Saguarocactus; accept Pincushioncactus; accept Peyotecactus) |
| Oneofthesedevicesallowsforreverseflowbelowthebreakdownvoltage.Atriangle whose point leads into a line is the standardcircuitnotationforthesedevices.Thesimplest kind of these devices is a single p-n junction. For the point, name these devices that only allow current flow in a single direction, which includea notable "light-emitting" variety. | Diode (accept Light-EmittingDiode; acceptZenerdiode; accept P-Ndiode; prompt on "LED") |
| With Mascheroni [[mah-skeh-ROH-nee]], this man names a constant symbolized with a lowercase gamma. This man's namesake number is defined as the limit of "one plus one over n all to the nth power" as n approaches infinity, roughly equal to 2.718. For the point, name this Swiss mathematician whose namesake number is the base of the natural logarithm. | LeonhardEuler[[OY-lehr]] (acceptEuler–Mascheroniconstant orEuler's constant; acceptEuler's number; prompt on "e") |
| This compound can trigger a runaway feedback loop according to the "gun hypothesis." This greenhouse gas is commonly trapped inside ice clathrates [[KLATH-"rates"]] at the bottom of the ocean. This compound is the primary fuel found in natural gas. For the point, name this simplest hydrocarbon, a tetrahedral compound with chemical formula CH4. | Methane (acceptCH4before mentioned) |
| Proposed by Andrei Sakharov, these particles are theorized to decay into a neutral pion [["PIE"-on]] and a positron. These particles can capture an electron through inverse beta decay. These particles make up thenucleusoftheprotiumisotopeofhydrogen.Forthe point, name this positively charged baryon [[BAY-ree-on]], which forms the nucleus with neutrons. | Proton |
| Some varieties of these animals from the Anthophila [[an-thoh-FEE-lah]] clade [[KLADE]] are able to communicate distance information through a "waggle dance." Neonicotinoid [[nee-oh-nih-KAH-tih-noyd]] pesticides are considered the most common cause of colony collapse disorder among these animals. The "Africanized" hybrid type of these animals are often known as the "killer" variety. For thepoint,nametheseinsectsthat live in colonies and produce wax and honey. | Bees (acceptHoneybees; accept Africanizedhoneybees; accept Killerbees; accept Wallace's giantbee; do not accept or prompton "wasps") |
| This element names a type of photoluminescence often contrasted with fluorescence. This element's allotropes include a tetrahedral white variety and an amorphous red variety. The primary ingredient in match heads, for the point, what is this element which is located below nitrogen on the periodic table, with atomic number15and symbol "P"? | Phosphorus (acceptPbefore mentioned; acceptWhitephosphorusor Tetraphosphorus; accept Redphosphorus) |
| The formation of this material lends its name to the Carboniferous [[kar-boh-NIH-fer-us]] period, during which it was deposited in namesake seamsandbeds. This material is made from the deposition and compression of ancient plant matter, which eventually solidifies to become peat and this material. Varieties of this material include lignite, anthracite, and the bituminous variety. Forthe point, name this solid fossil fuel. | Coal (accept Blackcoal; accept Bituminouscoalbefore mentioned; accept LigniteorAnthracitebefore mentioned) |
| This field's structure is equivalent to the non-empty set A. This field takes its name from the Arabic for the "reunion of broken parts" or "bone-setting." According to the fundamental theorem of this field, at least one complex root can be found for every non-constant single-variable polynomial with complex coefficients. Forthepoint,namethis field of mathematics used to solve for unknown variables. | Algebra (oral-Jabr; accept Fundamental TheoremofAlgebra) |
| A child with this condition is chronicled inTheSpiritCatchesYouandYouFallDown. This condition can be treated with phenytoin [[feh-neh-TOH-in]] or phenobarbital [[fee-noh-BAR-bih-tahl]]. Severe, hemisphere-isolated types of thisconditioncanbetreated with a split-brain procedure. Episodes of this condition can be induced by slashing strobe lights. For the point, name this neurological disorder,the most common cause of seizures. | Epilepsy (acceptEpilepticseizure (s); prompton "seizures" before mentioned) |
| This compound is oxidized by heating it with oxygen toformnitricoxideinthefirst step of the Ostwald process. Mixing this compound with bleach-containing substances produces toxic chloramine [[KLOH-rah-meen]] vapors. Fritz Haber [[HAH-buh]] discovered a process for, for the point, what simplest amine[[AM-een]] compound with formula NH3? | Ammonia (acceptNH3before mentioned; do notaccept or prompt on "Ammonium") |
| With Maurice Koechlin [[KEH-klin]], this engineer built the Garabit [[gah-rah-BEE]] Viaduct, and he built the interior pylons for the Statue of Liberty. One of this engineer's projects, which at the time was the world's tallest manmade structure, relied on an exponential shape and latticework to withstand high wind speeds. For the point,namethis French civil engineer, who names a triangular towerin Paris. | GustaveEiffel (or Alexandre GustaveEiffel;or Bönickhausen ditEiffel; accept EiffelTower or TourEiffel) |
| BlueMaxima's Flashpoint is a project dedicated to saving these programs made on Adobe Flash. One of themostpopularframeworksformaking3Dtypesoftheseprogramsis the Unreal Engine owned by Epic, used to make popular examples such as Rocket League and Fortnite. For the point, name these computer entertainment programs, early examples of which includePongandPac-Man. | Video Games (acceptComputer Games; prompton "Game (s)") |
| This organ is made up of several hexagonal lobules [[LOB-yools]], which consist of this organ’s namesake cells arranged around a central vein. In the Cori cycle, lactose is moved into this organ where it is converted into glucose. Long-term alcohol abuse leads to Cirrhosis [[sih-ROH-siss]], which leads to deterioration of, for the point, what large abdominal organ which removes toxin from the bloodand produces bile. | Liver (acceptLivercells) |
| This is the largest body to have its existence predicted by the now-discredited Titius-Bode [[TIH-tee-uss-BOHD]] Law. The moons of this planet are named for Alexander Pope and William Shakespeare characters, including TitaniaandMiranda.Thisplanet'saxis of rotation sits at a 90-degree angle relative to its orbit. For the point, name this seventh planet from the Sun. | Uranus |
| President Warren G. Harding presented this scientist with one gram of an element she discovered while on a visit to the White House. This woman died of aplastic [[AY-"plastic"]] anemia as a resultofprolongedexposuretoherworkwithradiation.Forthe point, name this woman, the first person to win two Nobel Prizesintwodifferentscientific fields: Chemistry and Physics. | MarieCurie (or Marie Salomea SkłodowskaCurie;or Maria Salomea Skłodowska; accept MadameCurie) |
| The olm is a salamander species that is the only European vertebrate toexclusively live in these habitats. Unlike many insects living in these habitats, Leptodirus [[lep-toh-"DIE"-russ]] beetles retain their bright colors. Species that live in these habitats are referred to as troglobites. For the point, name these habitats inhabited by many depigmented and blind species, which are also a popularroosting spot for bats. | Cave (orCaverns) |