| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| While serving as Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals, this man wrote the majority opinion for a case in which Helen Palsgraf sued the Long Island Rail Road after developing a stammer following an explosion. (+) Herbert Hoover appointed this justice to succeed Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., and he joined Harlan F. Stone and fellow Jewish Justice Louis Brandeis as the so-called (*) Three Musketeers. For the points, name this liberal Supreme Court Justice who was succeeded by Felix Frankfurter. | Benjamin Nathan Cardozo |
| As per this measure, a two-thirds majorities in both houses was required to pass the "special" variety of one concept. As per this bill, "new construction" leads to re-assessments of a market value (+) calculated at the date of the construction's completion. Notwithstanding voter approved additions, this measure established a 1% rate for (*) property taxation purposes. For the points, name this "third rail" legislation and 1978 proposition passed in California. | Prop 13 (accept Proposition 13; accept People's Initiative to Limit Property Taxation) |
| This organization was subject to a payout controversy after the resignation of Bangladeshi lawyer Irene Khan. This organization suspended Gita Sahgal after she criticized its association with Cageprisoners (+) director Moazzam Begg. This organization was founded by Peter Benenson and Eric Baker following the publication of "The Forgotten (*) Prisoners" in The Observer in 1961. For the points, identify this British NGO that works to protect people imprisoned for non-violently expressing their views. | Amnesty International (accept Amnesty; accept AI) |
| With Gabriel Almond, this man names a "consensus" stating that mass beliefs were "too pacifist in peace and too bellicose in war." This author, who argued that masses functioned as a "bewildered herd" in his 1922 book Public Opinion, (*) won a Pulitzer Prize for his 1961 interview of Nikita Khrushchev. This author who popularized the term "Cold War" assisted in drafting Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points years after co-founding the commentary magazine The New Republic. (*) "Today and Tomorrow" was authored by, for the points, what newspaper columnist during World War One? | Walter Lippmann |
| William Worth twice served as the acting head of this organization, which was advocated for by an American politician who originally wanted to call it "ManPac." France and the UK were among the original eight members of this organization that was sponsored by (+) John Foster Dulles. The office of secretary general of this organization was established at a meeting in Canberra, (*) the capital of a country whose interests in Papua New Guinea contributed to its membership. For the points, name this collective defense organization in a region containing Thailand and the Philippines. | SEATO (accept Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) |
| This country's former president said that its U.S. Ambassador Christopher Dell could "go to hell" for claiming that government corruption led to food shortages. American relations with this country deteriorated following Operation Murambatsvina, which forcibly cleared slum areas. (+) Barack Obama met with this country's Prime Minister, Morgan Tsvangirai, whose Movement for Democratic Change opposed another leader's ZANU-PF party. (*) Jimmy Carter was criticized for keeping quiet about atrocities committed by, for the points, what country's former president Robert Mugabe? | Republic of Zimbabwe |
| A form of this quantity symbolized sigma is constant in the Cobb-Douglas production function. One form of this quantity should be inversely proportional to excise tax, per Ramsey's formula, to reduce deadweight loss. (+) The midpoint method can estimate this quantity, which is higher for goods with fewer substitutes. A form of this quantity is only positive for Veblen and Giffen goods, and a good is perfectly (*) this quantity if its price version is equal to one. For the points, name this economic quantity that measures a variable's sensitivity to a change in another variable. | Elasticity (accept Price Elasticity; accept Elasticity of Demand; accept Elasticity of Substitution; accept Elastic Good) |
| A leader of this organization, Keith Rowley, complained that the “Core Group” insulted this organization following the assassination of Jovenel Moïse. The Treaty of Chaguaramas (+) created this organization in 1973 with four founding member nations. This organization revised its founding documents in 2002 to promote economic integration among its fifteen member states. (*) For the points, name this organization that promotes unity in the region from the Bahamas to Guyana. | Caribbean Community (or CARICOM; prompt on "CC") |
| This organization took a militia led by Louis Beam to court in 1981 for racially harassing Vietnamese shrimpers in Galveston Bay. This organization's president, J. Richard Cohen, resigned after one of its founders, (+) Morris Dees, was fired for allegedly harassing employees. In 2017, this organization filed a lawsuit for Tanya Gersh that accused white supremacist Andrew Anglin of anti-semitism, and this organization bankrupted many local (*) KKK chapters with hate crime penalties. For the points, name this Montgomery-based civil rights organization that maintains a list of U.S. hate groups. | Southern Poverty Law Center (accept SPLC) |
| A holder of this position resigned shortly after holding a press conference in which he compared himself to Marshawn Lynch following an influence-peddling scandal involving him and his fiancee, Cylvia Hayes. (+) Another holder of this position was called “Sleepy Ted” and received eight votes for vice president at the 1980 Democratic convention. A woman who currently holds this position is the first openly LGBTQ (*) person to be elected to one of these positions in any state. For the points, name this position that has been held by John Kitzhaber, Ted Kulongoski, and Kate Brown. | Governor of Oregon |
| Position and location required. Among the write-in candidates in this election was the CEO of a construction company who once starred in the reality TV show The Real Housewives. A 0.8% difference (+) separated the first and second place candidates in a primary during this election in which the eventual runner-up was the founder of the non-profit crime prevention organization Guardian Angels. Curtis Sliwa (*) ran in this election, which notably employed a ranked-choice voting system. Eric Adams succeeded incumbent Bill de Blasio in, the ten points, what recent city election? | 2021New York City Mayoral Election (accept equivalents that mention city, and position; prompt on partial answers) |
| Thousands of opponents of one leader of this country were sent to its notorious Camp Boiro. The FNDC led a series of protests against one leader of this country, which is the third largest producer of the aluminum ore bauxite. Ahmed Sékou (+) Touré was the first president of this country, which contains the Fouta Djallon. Alpha Condé was overthrown in this country now led by Colonel Mamady Doumbouya. With Sierra Leone and Liberia, (*) this country was at the core of the 2013 to 2016 Ebola outbreak. For the points, name this West African nation sometimes identified by its capital, Conakry. | Republic of Guinea (accept Guinea-Conakry; accept Republique de Guinee) |
| This amendment superseded the case Oregon v. Mitchell, which only applied the power of congress on a federal level. One staunch opponent of this amendment was Emanuel Celler, the Chair of the House (+) Judiciary Committee, who believed that the people in question “lacked good judgement.” This amendment was ratified after Richard Nixon extended the (*) Voting Rights Act in 1970. For the points, name this amendment in the United States Constitution that lowered the legal voting age from twenty- one to eighteen. | Twenty-sixth Amendment (accept in either order; accept Amendment XXVI) |
| Ed Yingling described this act as one intent on "blowing up everything for the sake of change." Certain high-risk activities were the subject of this act's Volcker Rule. Clawback provisions were extended beyond intentional fraud by this act, (+) which was distinguished from the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Stipulations regarding executive compensation were included in this act that created the (*) Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. For the points, name this doubly eponymous act that aimed to establish financial regulations in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis. | Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (accept Dodd- Frank Act) |
| These two countries discussed the construction of nuclear power units at Kudankulam. The IRIGC, which includes the Military Technical Co-operation, is the main body that conducts governmental affairs between these two countries. Joint military programs between these two countries have included (+) Sukhoi Su-30MKI and BrahMos. In March 2022, one of these countries' IOCL oil producer bought three million barrels of oil from the other's Rosneft at a 20% discount. A SWIFT alternative to settle (*) rupee-ruble payments was launched by, for the points, what two countries, respectively led by Narendra Modi and Vladimir Putin? | India and Russia (accept in either order; accept Russian Federation or Rossiya in place of "Russia"; accept Bharat Ganarajya in place of "India") |
| Christopher Cox was the former head of this organization whose technology- related initiatives included the updating of its EDGAR database. Currently led by Gary Gensler, (+) this organization is responsible for enforcing the Trust Indenture Act and makes use of the GAAP accounting standard. FINRA is regulated by this organization, which was first chaired by Joseph Kennedy after its creation in the aftermath of the (*) Wall Street Crash of 1929. For the points, name this U.S. agency that regulates financial markets. | SEC (accept U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission) |
| This organization adopted the Sirte Declaration, which sped up efforts to create the AEC and ACB. The seat of the highest body of this organization, which is led by Bouras Djamel, was moved to the city of Midrand. While serving as one country's second president, (+) Thabo Mbeki became this organization's first chairperson after launching it in Durban. Following a January 2022 military coup, this organization suspended the membership of Burkina Faso. (*) For the points, name this organization led by Macky Sall, consisting of 55 member states, including Ethiopia and Zimbabwe. | African Union (accept AU) |
| The "Seniors" division of this agency includes the Foster Grandparents and the RSVP programs. An act named for Edward M. Kennedy raised the amount allotted to recipients of this agency's Education Award, which is named for its first CEO, Eli Segal. This agency launched the (+) Learn and Serve America program, which was discontinued in 2011. The National Civilian Community Corps and VISTA are programs run by this agency to support low-income individuals and bring communities out of poverty. (*) For the points, name this independent agency whose goal is to foster civic engagement through volunteering. | AmeriCorps (accept Corporation for National and Community Service; accept CNCS) |
| Alice Walker coined this term for discrimination in her 1983 book In Search of our Mothers’ Gardens. Studies of this phenomenon, which is similar to Alejandro Lipschutz’s concept of (+) “pigmentocracy,” sometimes use spectro-photometers to measure differences among persons. Ilhan Omar authored an amendment directing the CDC to fight this prejudicial attitude by studying (*) beauty products. For the points, name this term that refers to discrimination on the basis of gradations in skin tone. | Colorism (prompt on "racism"; prompt on descriptive answers relating to skin tone) |
| This man introduced the Combating Online Infringement and Counterfeits Act, which was rewritten as the Protect IP Act. In 2021, this politician succeeded Richard Shelby as chair of the Senate Appropriations Committee. (+) This politician, who was the presiding officer at Donald Trump's second impeachment trial, is the last of the Senate's "Watergate Babies." After the death of Don Young, this politician became the (*) longest-serving current member of Congress. For the points, name this senator from Vermont and president pro tempore of the Senate. | Patrick Leahy (or Patrick Joseph Leahy) |
| In this state, Bryan Gilbert and Jody Lombardo filed a 2021 lawsuit after their son, Nicholas, died in police custody. A "merit plan" named for this state was put forth by Luther Ely Smith and criticized for giving elite trial lawyers too much control. (+) That plan named for this state used a non-partisan commission to review candidates for a judicial vacancy. After a man was brought to the Wisconsin Territory from this state, Roger Taney nullified the principle of (*) "once free, always free." Dred Scott was enslaved in, for the points, what state, which named an 1820 compromise? | Missouri (accept Missouri Plan; accept Missouri Compromise) |
| During the 1993 vice presidential debate, Al Gore brought a picture of the sponsors of this bill shaking hands while making one argument. An apostle in the LDS Church was one of the namesakes of this act, (+) which superseded a similar act passed eight years earlier and named for Joseph Fordney and Porter McCumber. Thomas Lamont, who served as a partner at J.P. Morgan, claimed that this act "intensified nationalism all over the world," and this act affected more than 20,000 (*) imported goods. Herbert Hoover signed, for the points, what doubly eponymous 1930 tariff? | Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act (accept Hawley-Smoot Tariff; accept Tariff Act of 1930 before "1930" is mentioned) |
| Jacob Mincer's regression equation determines rates of return of investment in this factor. Robert Gibbons and Michael Waldman coined a "task-specific" form of this concept, which is applied to wage dynamics. In a 1964 book, an economist compared this concept to (+) "physical means of production" and discussed its substitutability in contrast to land and labor, which are transferable. Gary Becker wrote a book about this concept, which companies invest in through education and training. (*) For the points, name this concept which includes the skills and knowledge of workers. | Human Capital (prompt on "Capital") |
| In a court case centering on this location, one side cited how the federal government had added an additional 24.5 acres to its original size, to which the Supreme Court responded that sudden shoreline changes have no effect on boundaries. A 1998 court case concerning this location analyzed an (*) 1834 compact that was influenced by the decision in Gibbons v. Ogden. This location was the subject of the court case New Jersey v. New York, which gave New Jersey ownership of land added to the original (*) island. For the points, name this island in New York Harbor through which twelve million immigrants passed. | Ellis Island |
| An extension of this clause was challenged in the case Eldred v. Ashcroft, in which the plaintiff was supported by the Bureau of National Affairs and the American Association of Law Libraries. The act extending this clause is sometimes referred to as the (+) “Mickey Mouse Act,” but is officially named after Sonny Bono. This clause begins, “To promote the progress of science and useful arts,” (*) and is found in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution. For the points, name this clause that gives "authors and inventors...the exclusive right to their writings and discoveries.” | Copyright Clause (or Intellectual Property Clause; accept Copyright and Patent Clause; accept Progress Clause) |
| This state's current governor spent the most money of any Senate candidate in his state in a 2006 loss to Democrat Ben Nelson. That governor asked residents of this state to "re-hire" Lieutenant Governor Mike (+) Foley. Members of this state's legislature, which officially recognizes no party affiliation, are called "senators." George W. Norris, a senator from this state, argued that a bicameral system was based on the undemocratic House of Lords, leading this state to adopt a (*) unicameral legislature. For the points, name this midwestern state governed by Pete Ricketts. | Nebraska |
| This government agency's leader has attempted to lessen the cost of one prison service referred to as ICS. The use of "white spaces" without license has been advocated by this agency that provides structural insights regarding VLF towers and NDBs in an annual report. (+) Ajit Pai led this organization, which has grappled with the issue of net neutrality and decides on issues related to (*) broadband access and the wire-based form of its central process. For the points, identify this government agency that regulates transmissions via media such as radio. | FCC (or Federal Communications Commission) |
| Philips 66 is among the companies that owns a stake in this system that begins in Stanley and terminates in Patoka, moving through the Bakken Formation for which it is sometimes named. (+) CEO Kelcy Lee Warren claimed that no "sacred items" were affected by this structure, which spans 1,172-miles in length and passes the city of Sioux Falls. Members of the Standing Rock Indian Reservation protested (*) this underground system that transports its central good through shale fields. Completed in 2017, this is, for the points, what American oil pipeline that traverses the Peace Garden and Mount Rushmore states? | Dakota Access Pipeline (accept DAPL; accept Bakken pipeline before "Bakken" is read) |
| An executive order issued by the Biden-Harris Administration planned to eliminate the tipped version of this policy for federal contractors by 2024. Senator Joe Manchin said, “It might be the way to go, Bernie, but it ain’t gonna go,” after (+) rejecting a provision to raise this policy in a Covid-19 relief bill. Former McDonald’s CEO Ed Rensi cited a movement advocating the change of this policy as the reason why (*) self-ordering kiosks are replacing jobs. The slogan "Fight for $15" advocates the rise of, for the points, what value that is federally set in 2009 at $7.25? | Minimum Wage (accept Living Wage) |
| Edmund Randolph and William Patterson created two predecessors to this idea, which Rufus King and Gouverneur Morris opposed until the Committee of Detail finalized individual votes for members of one group. (+) One report on this plan states that one chamber would have a representative for every 40,000 inhabitants. This idea effectively combined the main ideas of the (*) Virginia and New Jersey plans. For the points, name this compromise that gave the U.S. legislative branch two houses, named after the home state of its creator, Roger Sherman. | Connecticut Plan (or Connecticut Compromise; or Great Compromise of 1787; accept Sherman Compromise before read) |
| This person presided over the funeral of John Lewis and gave the benediction for Barack Obama's 2013 inauguration. This person's ex-spouse publicly accused this man of deliberately running over her foot during an argument. One politician called this man a "radical liberal" (+) thirteen times in a debate. This man defeated that politician, who ran an ad saying that she was "more conservative than Attila the Hun." (*) For the points, name this senior pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church and first African- American US Senator from Georgia. | Raphael Warnock (or Raphael Gamaliel Warnock) |
| Due to illness, one politician with this surname ceded several official duties to his deputy, Norm Kelly. That politician's widow with this surname was the 2019 People's Party candidate in Etobicoke [[eh-TOE-buh-KOE]] North. Another member of this family defeated Kathleen (+) Wynne in a provincial election, while another member of this family stated that he likely smoked crack (*) in one of his drunken stupors. For the points, name this last name shared by Progressive Conservative Ontario Premier Doug and the late mayor of Toronto, Rob. | Ford (accept Rob Ford; accept Doug Ford; accept Renate Ford) |
| While testifying to the House Legislative Oversight Committee about these events, a Columbia professor stated that, "Truth is always the best way, indeed it is the only way." Vivienne Nearing and Charles Van Doren pled guilty to lying to a grand jury during an investigation of these events. (+) In 1960, Congress amended the Communications Act of 1934 to prohibit the fixing of these events, which include Twenty-One, a program that rigged outcomes by furnishing contestants with (*) answers in advance. For the points, name these programs that include Jeopardy! and Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?. | Quiz Shows (or Game Shows; prompt on less-specific answers such as "TV Shows") |
| Bernhard Schulte found no evidence of injury among the 25 members of this vessel during one incident. Built to the Imabari 20000 standard, this ship was en route from Malaysia to Rotterdam when it faced an incident that led one government to demand a (+) $600 million payment for reputation damage. Boskalis was hired to engage in salvage operations to free this ship, which subsequently stopped nearby in Port (*) Said [["sigh"-EED]]. For the points, name this ship that, in 2021, obstructed the Suez Canal. | Ever Given (accept Cháng Cì Lún) |
| In Edye v. Robertson, the Supreme Court found that these documents were not above enforcement and modification. Justice Samuel Miller found that "interest and honor" were central to the legitimacy of these documents which, according to Section II of the Constitution's (+) second Article, can be entered "provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur." John Marshall contrasted these documents with acts of legislation and claimed that the former were "in [their] nature, a contract between (*) two nations." For the points, name these signed documents often used to end wars. | Treaties |
| In 2018, the speaker of this state's house lost a general election to Barbara Fenton-Fung. The government of this state's largest city was targeted in an FBI corruption investigation called Operation Plunder Dome. One brand of pasta sauce sold in this state is "Mayor's Own Marinara," (+) whose labels feature the late longtime mayor of its capital, "Buddy" Cianci [see-AHN-see]. Jeff McKee became this state's governor after Gina (*) Raimondo was appointed as Joe Biden's Commerce Secretary. For the points, name this state that eliminated "Providence Plantations" from its official name in a 2020 referendum. | Rhode Island |