| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The closest one of these objects to Earth is the Luhman-16 system, which is also where the iron rain of these objects was first observed. (+) Rafael Rebolo [[reh-BOH-loh]] pioneered the lithium test for identifying these bodies, which donot undergo sustained hydrogen (*) fusion. For the point, name these cool, very low luminosity stellar objects, commonly called failedstars. | Brown dwarfs (prompt on "star (s)") |
| By firing a gun into the ballistic variety of these devices, the momentum of a bullet canbefound.Aclassicalexampleofachaoticsystemisthedouble(+)varietyof these devices. The ideal form of thesedevicesconsistsofaweightedbobattheendof a massless rod. (*) For the point, name these devices that swing to keep time in grandfather clocks. | Pendulums (accept Doublependulum) |
| This many carbon atoms are found in the simplest antiaromatic molecule, cyclobutadiene [["sigh"-kloh-byoo-tah-"DIE"-een]]. Steroids such as cholesterol (+) contain this many fused rings, which is also the number of bonds tothecentralatom in molecules with see-saw and square planar geometries. (*) For the point, give this number of hydrogen atoms found in methane, the simplesttetrahedral alkane. | Four |
| Thenumberofturnsinthesedevicesdividedbylengthisdirectlyproportional to their magnetic flux density. These devices are typically constructed out of an insulated (+) wirecoilandstoreenergyinthemagneticfieldwhenpassinganelectric current through it. (*) For the point, name these circuit components whose namesake quantity is measured in Henrys. | Inductors (acceptCoil,Choke, orReactor) |
| The influence of this quantity causes the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect. The existence of an increasing variety of this quantity, known as its phantom (+) type, would cause the "big rip" end of the universe. Driving the expansion of the (*) universe, for the point, what is this unobserved quantity that makes up the bulk of the universe's mass-energy, more than twice as prevalentas dark matter. | Dark energy (do not accept or prompt on "darkmatter") |
| Faraday's constant equals the charge of an electron times this quantity,which is also multiplied by Boltzmann's constant to give the ideal gas (+) constant. This constant equals the number of atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12, which is approximately 6.022 times 10 to the 23rd (*) power. For the point, name this constant that defines the number of particles in a mole, namedfor an Italian scientist. | Avogadro's number (orAvogadro's constant) |
| Common systems of a disorder caused bythishormoneincludecrowdedteeth and enlarged hands and feet. Excessive levels of this hormonecancause(+)pituitary tumors and acromegaly [[ak-roh-MEH-gah-lee]]. Deficiencies of this hormone arethe primary cause of human dwarfism. (*) For the point, name this common performance-enhancing drug, a peptide hormone responsiblefor stimulating cell division. | HumanGrowth Hormone (or HGH; acceptSomatropinorSomatotropin) |
| This rock, the intrusive counterpart of rhyolite, is the most common material found in Bornhardts. This rock forms its namesake domes at landmarks such as (+) Sugarloaf Mountain and Yosemite's Half Dome. Thisrockcontainscrystalsoffeldspar and quartz and predominantly makes up the continental crust.(*)Forthepoint,name this coarse grained igneous rock commonly used tomake high end countertops. | Granite |
| Along with ambient visible light, this is the primary radiation converted into electrons innightvisiongoggles.Thisradiationnamesaformof(+)spectroscopythat measures a molecule's vibrational transition. This radiation has wavelengths from 700 millimeters to 1 centimeter. (*) For the point, name this radiation range with wavelengths longer than that of visible light. | Infraredlight (orIR) |
| This scientist's paper "Experiments on Plant Hybridization" led to the introduction of the laws of segregation and (+) independent assortment. This scientist's studies of Pisum sativum [[PEE-sum sah-TEE-vum]] led him to coin the terms "dominant" and "recessive." (*) For the point, name this 19th-century friar who studied inheritance among pea plants. | Gregor JohannMendel |
| Common causes of these events, the largest of which occurred in Washington in 1980, include increases in pore pressure and hydrostatic pressure in surface cracks. The field of predicting these eventsiscalled(+)slopestabilityanalysis.These events, which are a form of mass wasting, are often preceded by heavy rains destabilizing the (*) surface layer. For the point, name these potentially catastrophic movements of rock and sediment down a slope. | Mudslides (acceptLandslides; acceptMudflows;acceptRockslides; accept Flow Slides; prompt on "mass wasting" before mentioned) |
| Due to this law, stress-strain curves have straight lines. This law can be generalized as strain is proportional to stress in elastic materials. This law predicts that (+) distance from equilibrium is negatively and directly proportional to the restoring force. (*) For the point, name this law relating force to displacement, which models the behavior of springs as "F equals negativekx." | Hooke's law |
| Up-regulation of cytochrome P450 conveys resistance to this organo-chlorine compound, which prevents sodium channels from closing. This chemical was (+) implicated in decliningperegrinefalconandbaldeaglepopulationsasitaccumulated in their prey. (*) For the point, name this pesticide that was largely banned following the revelation that it thinned eggshells after the releaseof Rachel Carson'sSilent Spring. | DDT (orDichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) |
| Each atom in this material shares three sp2 hybridized orbitals, makingitthe strongest of all currently known materials. Andre Geim [[GIME]] employed micromechanical (+) exfoliation and a silicon wafer to isolate layers of this material using Scotch tape andtheprimarycomponentof(*)pencillead.Forthepoint,namethis 2D carbon allotrope arranged in a single-layered hexagonallattice. | Graphene (do not accept or prompt on "graphite") |
| This law is extended to the enthalpy of a chemical reactionbyHess'slaw.This law, which is often notated as "delta U equals Q minus W," is (+) equivalenttostating that first kind perpetual motion machines are impossible. (*) For the point, name this law that states that the total amount of mass-energyin a system is constant. | First LawofThermodynamics (prompt on "Conservationof Energy"; prompt on partial answers) |
| One controversial method for carrying out this task involves depositing a certain substance into a subduction zone. (+) The primary method for carrying out this task is called deep geological (*) repository. For the point, identifythistaskofsafely dealing with the waste products of fusion and fission. | Radioactive waste disposal (accept any answerindicating the disposal, storage, or management of waste products from nuclear powerplants or weapons) |
| In The Analyst,GeorgeBerkeley[[BAR-klee]]usedanerrorinvolvingthisvalue in his critiqueoffluxions[[FLUK-shuns]]andinfinitesimals.Thisvaluerepresentsthe Turing degree of the partial (+) computable functions. This value represents the bottom element of a bound lattice and is the cardinality of the empty (*) set. For the point, name this number that creates an undefined expression as the denominator of a fraction. | Zero (acceptNaughtorNil) |
| Lenski et al.'s ongoing evolution experiment with this species observed them spontaneously developing the ability to metabolize citrate [[SIT-"rate"]]. In (+) humans, beneficial strains of this species are involved in producing vitamin K in the intestines. (*) For the point, name this rod-shaped gram negative gut bacteria, a common model organism. | E. coli (orEscherichiacoli) |
| This location is the origin of toxic dust storms that spread tuberculosis and causecancerinformerfishingtownssuchasMo'ynoq[[MOY-nok]].(+)Desertification of this location was driven by agricultural diversion of the Syr Darya and (*) Amu Darya rivers. For the point, name this now mostly dried up Central Asian lake, formerly located on the border of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. | AralSeabed (orAralSea; acceptAralkumDesert) |
| This field was founded and developed by the father-son pair D.D. and B.J. Palmer. This field was founded on pseudo-scientific claims of the existence of (+) lesions not visible on X-rays, termedvertebralsubluxations[[sub-luk-SAY-shuns]].(*) For the point, name this field of alternative medicine based around performing spinal "alignments." | Chiropractic (accept word forms likeChiropractor) |
| Scientists from this country include the author of Systema Naturae [[NAH-tyoo-ray]]. A village in this country is the namesake of four (+) chemical elements, including Ytterbium [[ee-TER-bee-um]]. The home country of Svante Arrhenius [[SVAHN-teh ah-REE-nee-us]] and Arvid Carlsson, (*) for the point, what is this country in which the presentation ceremoniesof all three science Nobel Prizes are held? | Kingdom ofSweden (or KonungariketSverige) |
| One paradigm used in this language uses ggplot2 [[G-G-PLOT-TWO]]anddplyr [[DEE-ply-er]] and is known as the tidyverse. Stable packages used in this language can be (+) hosted by CRAN. This language is most commonly implemented in an Integrated Development Environment called[thislanguage]"Studio."(*)Forthepoint, name this open source programming language primarily used for data and statistical analysis. | R (acceptRStudio) |
| This scientist described cultural features that are passed down in a way analogous to genes with the coined term "meme." This scientist popularized the gene-centered view of (+) evolution inbookssuchasRiverOutofEdenandTheSelfish Gene. (*) For the point, name this British evolutionarybiologist,knownforhiscriticismsof religion in his bookThe God Delusion. | RichardDawkins |
| This organ can be affected by cholesterolosis [[koh-leh-steh-RAH-loh-sis]], which is also known as "strawberry" [this organ]. This organ can be (+) removed when it accumulates painful amounts of calcium salts and cholesterol, forming this organ's namesake (*) stones. For the point, name this organ that receives and stores bile from the liver. | Gallbladder (acceptCholecyst; prompt on “gallstone”) |
| Bartlett's test, a type of F-test, compares two values for this quantity, whichis also analyzed by a set of models developed by Ronald Fisher called ANOVA [[ah-NO-vah]]. (+) The parameter lambda for a Poisson [[pwa-SAHN]] distribution symbolizes both the expected value and this quantity, which is the square of the standard (*)deviation. For the point, name this measureof how spread out a data set is. | Variance (accept Analysis ofvariance) |
| This scientist controversially refused to give her subjects numbers, instead opting for names like "Goliath." This scientist observed one animal population using twigs and grass to "fish" for termites. (+) This scientist observed a nonhuman "war" between the Kasakela and Kahama communities of Gombe[[GOHM-beh]](*)National Park. For the point, name this English anthropologist and primatologist, a woman best known for studying Tanzanian chimpanzees. | JaneGoodall (or Valerie Jane Morris-Goodall;or Baroness Jane van Lawick-Goodall) |
| Since 2019, Huawei [[HWAH-WAY]] has been banned from implementing this technology in the U.S. due to espionageclaims.ProtestorsintheUKwhobelievedthis technology was responsible for (+) Covid-19 set fire to cell towers. The Samsung Galaxy S20 was the first smartphone (*) compatible with this technology. For the point, name this latest broadband cellular standard. | 5GNR (or5GNew Radio] |
| As part of Project Nekton, this feature was explored by the Auguste Piccard designed Trieste [[tree-ESS-teh]] vessel. One portion of this feature was explored by theKaikoandNereusunmanned(+)submarines.Thisfeature'ssouthernendcontains its deepest point, the Challenger Deep. (*) Located near an American-controlled Pacific island group, for the point, what is this deepestpoint in the ocean? | Mariana Trench (orMarianas Trench; acceptChallenger Deepbefore mentioned) |
| These data structures connect all vertices of a graph with minimum edge weights. The red-black variety of this data structure is self-balancing, differentiating it from the binary search (+) variety, and the first node of this structure is known as the root node. (*) For thepoint,namethistypeofdatastructurewhoseterminalnodesare referred to as leaf nodes rather than branches. | Tree (accept Binary SearchTreebefore mentioned;accept Binarytree; prompt on "graph" before mentioned) |
| The most common methods for detecting these objects include the radial velocity method and the transit method. When found in the habitable(+)zone,these objects are said to be in the "goldilocks" zone. Examples of these objects include super-Earths and (*) hot Jupiters. For the point, name these rocky or gaseous bodies that orbit stars other than our Sun. | Exoplanets (accept any answer indicating extrasolarplanets; accept answers such as planets outside our solar system; prompt on"planet"s) |
| This man's final book was a discourse on the study of motionandthestudyof materials titled Two New Sciences. The publication of this man's (+) Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems led to him being (*) condemned by the inquisition for his heliocentrism. For the point, namethisscientistwhoobservedagroupof namesake moons of Jupiter. | GalileoGalilei (or GalileoGalilei) |