| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| During World War Two, these items were subject to a discoloring redox reaction when the chemistry-unaware Henry Morgenthau [[mohr-GEHN-thow]] authorized the addition of zinc to them. As a result, one of the most valuable examples of these items is the 1944 “steel wheat” variety. Since 2010 these items display a shield reading “e pluribus unum.” For ten points, name these coins which show Abraham Lincoln on the front. | U.S. penny (or pennies; prompt on "coins" until “coin” is mentioned) |
| Gail Halvorsen dropped candy to awaiting children during this prolonged campaign, becoming known as the "Chocolate Flier." After the Deutsche [[DOY-chuh]] Mark was introduced, Soviet troops cut off road and rail access to supply an occupied city, immediately causing this event. For ten points, name this aerial campaign led by the United States to provide aid and supplies to the German capital. | Berlin Airlift (accept Operation Vittles; prompt on nonspecific answers) |
| Aruler of this city, Al-Musta’sim [[al-moo-stah-SEEM]], legendarily died after being rolled in a carpet and trampled to death by an invader’s horses. Harun al-Rashid built a library in this city, which was destroyed in a 1258 siege by Hulagu [[hoo-LAH-goo]] Khan. For ten points, name this city which contained a “House of Wisdom” before becoming the capital of modern-day Iraq. | Baghdad |
| This group's members took an ill-fated trip to Rishikesh [[ree-shee-KESH]] for a guided meditation course with Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. A member of this group left that course early to film the documentary Raga about his sitar teacher, Ravi Shankar. For ten points, name this influential band of the British Invasion whose songs “Get Back” and “Norwegian Wood” were credited to John Lennon and Paul McCartney. | The Beatles |
| Charles W. Thomson supervised the team of naturalists aboard this vessel, while aboard Louis Casella manufactured a resilient version of a Six's thermometer. This vessel, commanded by George Nares and Frank Thomson, became the first to measure the depth of an area at the south end of the Mariana Trench. A four-year 1870s oceanographic expedition was undertaken by, for ten points, what Royal Navy vessel, after which the deepest point in the Marianas Trench was named? | HMS Challenger (accept Challenger Deep[/a]) |
| Soldiers from the Kuomintang organized what became the "Golden Triangle" for production of this good while operating in Laos, Thailand and Myanmar. European traders sold this good to circumvent the Canton system, which exclusively required silver be spent to acquire goods like tea and porcelain. The Qing [[CHING]] and British empires fought two wars named for, for ten points, what illicit drug later used to produce heroin? | Opium poppy (accept Opium Wars; accept Opium Triangle; or Opium Crescent; prompt on "Opiate") |
| The deflection of this element’s particles led to J. J. Thomson’s discovery of atomic isotopes. It’s not krypton, but British chemist Sir William Ramsay and Morris W. Travers isolated this element in 1898 and named it for the Greek word for “New.” As a byproduct of air liquefaction, this element was shown by Georges Claude to be able to produce light in sealed tubes. For ten points, name this element historically used for signs in Las Vegas. | Neon (accept Ne before mentioned) |
| A series of levees were built along this river in the aftermath of an event that bolstered Huey Long’s gubernatorial campaign and resulted in then Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover leading a series of relief operations. That piece of legislation also mandated the creation of the Birds Point-New Madrid Floodway along this river. For ten points, name this major American river that experienced a “great” 1927 flood. | Mississippi River |
| This man was infuriated by an agreement made at Plombières [[plohm-BEE-air]], which promised to cede his home city of Nice [[NEESE]] to France. This leader of the "Hunters of the Alps" aligned with the Colorados during the Uruguayan Civil War, after which he returned to his home country to lead the Expedition of the Thousand to Sicily. For ten points, name this Italian general, considered a father of the First Italian Republic. | Giuseppe Garibaldi (or Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi) |
| Which Italian statesman, who reluctantly negotiated the cessation of Savoy to France in the Treaty of Plombières, became the first prime minister of Italy? | Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour (accept either underlined answer; accept Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio Benso, Count of Cavour, Isolabella and Leri) |
| The fanfare Buckaroo Holiday begins a ballet by this composer, whose choreographer was Agnes de Mille. Martha Graham earned a Pulitzer Prize for her work with this composer for a piece which celebrates the American pioneer and includes a reworking of the Shaker hymn "Simple Gifts." Rodeo, Fanfare for the Common Man, and Appalachian Spring were written by, for ten points, which American composer? | Aaron Copland [[KOHP-land]] |
| Copland composed a work named for which outlaw who was gunned down by Pat Garrett in 1881? | Billy the Kid (accept William Bonney) |
| Scholars suspected that several frescoes in the Palazzo Vecchio were painted over this man's historical work, The Battle of Anghiari. Under the patronage of Ludovico Sforza, this man developed a design for a "turtle-shell" fighting vehicle as well as a self-propelled cart, though most of his work went unpublished due to being written in a secretive mirror script. For ten points, name this painter and inventor who is considered the consummate "Renaissance Man." | Leonardo da Vinci (accept either underlined portion) |
| Leonardo's Codex Atlanticus contains a design for a "rapid-fire" example of this weapon, which was notably wielded by an internationally-recruited medieval mercenary force from Genoa. | Crossbow (accept Genoese Crossbowmen; do not accept "Bow and Arrow") |
| This acquisition was retroactively confirmed by the decision American Insurance Co. v. Canter. Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin informed the sitting president that this acquisition was protected by the treaty-making provision in the Constitution. The costliness of the Haitian revolution led to this sale of territory by Napoleon to the United States. The Jefferson administration facilitated, for ten points, what "Purchase" which doubled the size of the United States? | Louisiana Purchase |
| The territory of the Louisiana Purchase was explored by which duo of officers who led the Corps of Discovery? | Lewis and Clark (or Merriweather Lewis and William Clark; accept in either order) |
| An invention produced by Andreas Flocken is often considered the first "true" one of these objects. The development of MOSFET helped spark the modern commercial interest in these objects, whose first mass-produced example was the Roadster. Initially eclipsed by the emergence of internal-combustion engine vehicles, for ten points, what are these vehicles run entirely without gasoline, including the popular Tesla Model 3? | Electric Car (accept Electric vehicle; accept descriptive answers about cars running on a lithium-ion battery or cars running on electricity; prompt on "Car") |
| The first six land-speed records were broken by electric vehicles, primarily in France, though for several decades the record was broken by gasoline-powered cars at what recently- deteriorated site in Utah? | Bonneville Salt Flats (accept Bonneville Speedway) |
| This polity employed the Medjay, a distinct Cushitic speaking people who served as a paramilitary police force. This kingdom created the sickle shaped sword meant for close- combat known as the Khopesh, and its military mass-adopted the chariot after being invaded by the Hyksos [[HIK-sohs]]. For ten points, name this ancient African kingdom which fought at the Battles of Megiddo and the Nile Delta. | Kingdom of Egypt (accept Aegypttos; accept Kemet) |
| The invading Hyksos were likely from what Levantine region? The Biblical Promised Land corresponds to this region, which included Philistia and Phoenicia. | Canaan (accept Kenaʿn; accept Canaanites) |
| A former general of Pyrrhus of Epirus, Hiero II, served as a tyrant of this city, becoming a client of Rome during the First Punic War. Archimedes allegedly used a parabolic reflector to defend this city from a Roman attack, inventing the first "heat ray." For ten points, name this ancient Greek colony in the southeast of Sicily. | Syracuse (accept Syracusa; or Sarausa; or Syracusae) |
| The first settlers to Syracuse were from which Greek city-state which shares its name with an isthmus that connects Attica and the Peloponnese? | Corinth (or Korinthos) |
| In this city, strikers trapped police officers on the Halsted Street bridge in the Battle of the Viaduct. During the "Red Summer," this city suffered a race riot on its South Side after African-American teen Eugene Williams was killed for swimming near an "All-White" beach. This city's Hyde Park neighborhood hosted the Columbian Exposition of 1893. Hull House was founded in, for ten points, which Midwestern city that suffered a "Great Fire" in the 1870s? | Chicago |
| Contributing to the violence of the Chicago Race Riot, the Hamburg Athletic Club, which included future mayor Richard J. Daley, was composed primarily of what white immigrant ethnic group that fiercely guarded neighborhoods like Bridgeport and Back of the Yards. | Irish-Americans |
| Largest city in Oregon whose founder named it for his home city in Maine. | Portland |
| Capital city possibly named for a site of witch trials in Massachusetts. | Salem |
| River on which the Grand Coulee Dam was built during the Great Depression. | Columbia River |
| Mountain whose disastrous 1980 eruption covered parts of Washington and Oregon in ash. | Mount Saint Helens |
| Explorer who was the first European to discover Hawaii and who later mapped parts of the Oregon coast. | James Cook |
| First American millionaire whose Pacific Fur Company founded a namesake settlement in Oregon. | John Jacob Astor (accept Astoria) |
| Polish capital which names a "Pact" of Communist nations led by the Soviet Union. | Warsaw (accept Warsaw Pact) |
| British prime minister who coined the term "Iron Curtain" in a 1946 speech. | Winston Churchill (or Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill) |
| 1949 Collective Security organization including most Western European nations and the United States. | North Atlantic Treaty Organization (accept NATO) |
| Conference in Crimea where the Allies agreed on how to split Europe. | Yalta Conference (accept Argonaut) |
| "Movement" advocated by the likes of Kwame Nkrumah and Josip Tito as an alternative to the Eastern and Western blocs. | Non-Aligned Movement (accept NAM) |
| Nation whose dictator Enver Hoxha [[HOH-shah]] re-aligned his state from the USSR to Communist China in the 1960s. | People's Socialist Republic of Albania (or Republika Popullore Socialiste e Shqipërisë) Apartheid In the apartheid era, who or what was the... |
| Country where Daniel Malan formalized apartheid in 1948? | Republic of South Africa (or RSA) |
| Longtime prisoner who negotiated an end to apartheid with F.W. de Klerk before becoming president? | Nelson Mandela (or Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela) |
| Decade in which apartheid was dismantled and multiracial elections first took place? | 1990s |
| 1960 incident in which police killed 69 anti-passbook protestors? | Sharpeville Massacre |
| Popular English sport played on the controversial "Springbok tour" in 1981? | Rugby (union) |
| Common name for the Black "homelands" granted sham independence starting in 1972? | Bantustans |
| In 1937, this organization became the namesake of an orchestra conducted by Arturo Toscanini that transformed into the Symphony of the Air in 1954. This organization hired Peter Adler to conduct a namesake Opera Theatre that premiered Amahl and the Night Visitors in 1951. Doc (+) Severinsen, Max Weinberg, and Kevin Eubanks have led in-house bands on this company's late-night shows. The three-chime sequence (*) that plays, ftp, which American broadcasting company’s peacock logo? | NBC (or National Broadcasting Company) |
| This philosopher was offered fifty years pay in advance by Catherine the Great to serve as her personal librarian. Pope Clement XIII [[the Thirteenth]] banned a compendium written by this man, citing its skepticism of Jesus' miracles. Alongside (+) Jean d'Alembert [[dahl-ehm-BARE]], this man compiled a "systematic dictionary of the sciences, arts, and crafts." The chief editor of the (*) Encyclopédie [[ohn-see-cloh-PEH- dee]] was, for ten points, which French philosopher? | Denis Diderot [[deh-NEE dih-deh-ROH]] |
| The kidnapping of Colin Bower's children and the police killing of DJ Henry became issues in this state's Democratic primary, which determined who would face Republican nominee Kevin (+) O'Connor. A congressman from a political dynasty in this state lost the primary to incumbent Ed (*) Markey. For ten points, name this state from which Markey continues to serve as senator alongside Elizabeth Warren. | Massachusetts |
| This politician offered David Ben-Gurion and the Jewish people a homeland in his nation following the Second World War. This politician used the pseudonym "Nguyen [[WHEN]] the (+) Patriot" while writing articles prior to the Versailles Peace Talks. This man led the 1945 August General Uprising which successfully deposed the colonial French following the nine-year First Indochina War. The city of Saigon (*) was renamed in honor of, for ten points, which first president of communist Vietnam? | Ho Chi Minh (or Nguyễn Sinh Cung) |
| Ferris State University contains a memorabilia museum that houses artifacts related to these laws, which created a "ghetto domestic sector." These laws were almost circumvented in the 1875 (+) Civil Rights Act, which the Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional. Leading to "colored" restrooms being a (*) norm, for ten points, what were these racial segregation laws in the Southern United States? | Jim Crow Laws (prompt on "Racial Segregation" or "Exclusion" before mentioned) |
| Hundreds of journalists from this nation were imprisoned in 2021 in the Insein Prison by the State Law and Order Restoration Council. 2020 (+) election results in this nation were annulled following a coup by the Tatmadaw [[taht-MAH-"tau"]] armed forces. That coup removed Aung San Suu (*) Kyi [[CHEE]] from power in, for ten points, which southeast Asian nation, once known as Burma? | Myanmar (accept Republic of the Union of Myanmar; or Pyidaunzu Thanmăda Myăma Nainngandaw; accept Burma before mentioned) |
| A late 1880s winter killed much of this man's cattle, forcing him to abandon his ranching venture at Elkhorn. With his son, Kermit, this man headed a namesake expedition with the (+) Smithsonian, collecting over 11,000 animal specimens and authoring African Game Trails. The saving of a young (*) cub by, ftp, which US President led to the creation of a child’s stuffed animal? | Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (or Teddy [a]Roosevelt; prompt on "Roosevelt" or "T.R.") |
| This man's refusal to appoint sub-prior Reginald to the post of Archbishop of Canterbury led to his temporary excommunication by (+) Innocent III. This king was temporarily deposed by the French King, Louis the Lion, after he captured half of England during the First (*) Barons' War. For ten points, name this brother of Richard the Lionheart and signer of the Magna Carta. | King John (accept John Lackland) |
| Muslim scholar Barani writes that "not a dog and cat" was left in this city after Muhammad bin Tughluq moved the seat of his government to the Deogiri citadel. A (+) sultan of this city named Ibrahim Lodi died on the battlefield at Panipat attempting to stop Babur the Tiger's invasion. The Kashmiri, Turkman and Lahori gates of this city all lead to this city's focal point, the (*) Red Fort, which was built by Shah Jahan. For ten points, name this Indian city that was capital of a namesake sultanate and the Mughal Empire. | Delhi (Accept New Delhi or Old Delhi) |
| Richard the Lionheart clashed with which Kurdish sultan of Egypt and Syria during the Third Crusade? | Saladin (or Salah ad-Din; accept Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub; or Selahedînê Eyûbî) |