| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| After openly decrying this program as "wasteful spending" in a letter to James Abrahamson, scientist Aldric Saucier was dismissed following a revocation of whistleblowing privileges byDickCheney.Asapartofthislargerprogram,GeneralDanielO. Graham promoted "Smart Rocks," a plan to use heat-seeking nuclear missiles to intercept any potential Soviet warheads emitting large amounts of energy. For the point, name this Reagan-era "initiative" derisively nicknamed for a George Lucas sci-fi film franchise. | Strategic DefenseInitiative (orSDI; acceptStar Warsprogram) |
| Possibly the deadliest ship accident in history occurred during this conflict when a storm destroyed over 300 ships off Cape Hermaeum [[her-MEH-uhm]], killingonehundred thousand men. A deployable bridge called the corvus was invented during this conflict to allow one side to make up for their naval disadvantage. The Battle of the Aegaetes [[ay-GEH-teez]] IslandssealedthefateofSicilyin,forthepoint,whatinitialconflictbetween the Romans and the Carthaginians? | First PunicWar (acceptRoman-CarthaginianWar before either is mentioned) |
| This commander ordered a bayonet charge after getting trapped by Charles Cornwallis at the Battle of Green Spring, and led a nighttime attack at the Battle of Stony Point. This general negotiated the Treaty of Greenville after defeating a Western Confederacy of Shawnee and Miami led by Little Turtle at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. For the point, name this Revolutionary War general and commander of the Legion of United States who earned the nickname "mad." | "Mad" AnthonyWayne |
| Eugene V. Debs ran for the second time during this election, whose winning ticket included the namesake of an Alaskacity.AltonParkerwasalosingcandidateinthiselection year, the first in which a vice-president-turned-president won. Charles Fairbanks was elected vice president in this election year,whichwasthefirsttofollowtheassassinationof William McKinley. For thepoint,namethisyear,featuringtheonlypresidentialelectionwon by Theodore Roosevelt. | 1904United States Presidential election |
| During the War of the Austrian Succession, British troops captured the fortress of Louisbourg in this modern province, leading to outrage when it washandedbacktoFrance later. An expulsionofpeoplefromthisprovincewasorderedbyRobertMonckton,andthose settlers became known as Cajuns when arriving in Louisiana. For the point, name this Canadian province, which under French rule was called Acadia. | Nova Scotia[[SKOH-shuh]] (acceptAlba Nuadh;orNouvelle-Écosse; accept AcadiaorAcadiebefore mentioned) |
| This attorney served as a majority leader in the Arizona State Senate before being appointed to the Supreme Court. This justice wrote the majority opinions in Grutter v. Bollinger and Hamdi v. Rumsfeld. This Associate Justice retired after the confirmation of Samuel Alito[[ah-LEE-toh]]in2005,andthiswomanwasawardedthePresidentialMedalof Freedom four years later. For the point, name this first female Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. | Sandra DayO’Connor (accept SandraDay) |
| This speechclaimsthat"apassionateattachmentofonenationforanotherproduces a variety of evils." This speech warns of the entangling alliances in Europe and the degeneration of U.S. politics into competing factions, specifically targeting the rising Democratic-RepublicanandFederalistparties.Wearinessofpubliclifeandadesiretoreturn to Mount Vernon led to, for the point, what "Address" given by the first president of the United States? | GeorgeWashington'sFarewellAddress (prompton partial answers) |
| This state lost Dalmatia after the pretender Ladislaus [[lawd-EH-sloh]] of Naples ceded it toVenice.JohnZápolya[[ZAH-pol-yah]]wascrownedkingofthiscountryunderthe protection of the Ottoman Empire after one battle.TheMilitaryFrontierwasestablishedby the Habsburgs in this country, which was ruled during its height by Matthias Corvinus. For the point, name this kingdom that united with Austria in 1867 to form the Dual Monarchy. | Kingdom ofHungary (acceptMagyarKirályság;or RegnumHungariae; or KönigreichUngarn) |
| This scientist and his close friend and countryman Leonard Euler [["OILER"]] co-developed a painful method of checking blood pressure with a glass tube as well as an equation calculating the load-bearing capacityofabeam.Thisman'smostfamousdiscovery states thatanincreaseinafluid'sspeedissimultaneoustoadecreaseinthefluid'spressure. For the point, name this Swiss mathematician whose namesake "principle" underlies the function of carburetors and airplane wings. | DanielBernoulli (accept Euler-BernoulliBeamTheory; acceptBernoulli's Principle) |
| This leader’s expedition into Armenia saw the defection of Tigranes [[tih-GRAH-neez]] the Younger. This general's son Sextus ruled Sicily independently before being crushed by Marcus Agrippa. This leader's early success under his mentor Sullaledto the first of his three triumphs, after which heunitedwithCrassusandanotherleaderinthe First Triumvirate. Dying shortly after his decisive loss at Pharsalus, for the point, who was this "Great" Roman politician and rival of Julius Caesar? | Pompeythe Great (or GnaeusPompeiusMagnus;acceptPompeyadulescentulus carnifex; orPompeythe Teenage Butcher) |
| This monarch was defeated by rebels at Carberry Hill after an unpopular marriage and led troops against Regent Moray after escaping Loch Leven Castle. The Casket Letters implicated this monarch in the murder of Lord Darnley. Spymaster Francis Walsingham uncovered collusion between this monarch and Roberto Ridolfi, though she would not be executed until after the 1586 Babington Plot was exposed.Forthepoint,namethisCatholic ruler who was at the center of numerous plots to depose her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I. | Mary, Queen of Scots (acceptMary I of Scotland,orMary Stuart, prompt on "Mary"; do not accept "Mary I" alone) |
| This battle is sometimes referred to as the Battle of Put-in-Bay,anditwaspreceded by blockades of Presque [[PRESK]] Isle and Amherstburg. Low winds during this battle made it difficult for one side to utilize its ships, the Niagara and the Lawrence. One fleet at this battle was commanded by Oliver Hazard Perry, and U.S. victory at thisbattlepavedthe way for the recapture of Detroit. For the point, name this battle fought during the War of 1812 and named for a Great Lake. | Battle of LakeErie |
| The German advisor Otto Braun was discredited and exiled following this event's Zunyi Conference for favoring conventional warfare in favor of guerilla tactics. "Encirclement Campaigns" of Chiang Kai-Shek led to this five thousand mile expedition by the Communists to the Shaanxi [[SHAHN-she]] province. Troops under Zhou Enlai [[ZHOH EN-"LIE"]] and Mao Zedong participated in, for the point,whatyear-longretreatbytheRed Army during the Chinese Civil War? | TheLong March (acceptChángzhēng) |
| An assassin hired by these people, Jean de Poltrot [[pohl-TROH]], killed the Dukeof Guise [[GEEZ]] by pretending to be a deserter during the siege of Orleans [[ohr-leh-AHN]]. Under the influence of the devout Catherine de' Medici, Charles IX [[the ninth]] ordered a purge of these people in the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre. The Edict of Nantes [[NAHNT]] provided limited rights to, for the point, what group of Protestants in early-modern France? | Huguenots (prompt on answers like "French Protestants" or "French Calvinists" before mentioned) |
| The collapse of a British railway bubble presaged several events in this year, which included the anti-Austrian Five Days of Milan. A revolt led by Lajos Kossuth [["LIE"-yohs KOH-"shut"]] resulted in the resignation of Prince Metternich in this year, though that conflict was ended when Nicholas I of Russia marched 300,000 troops into Hungary. The downfall of Louis-Philippe and the creation of theFrenchSecondRepublicoccurredduring, for the point, what year which saw a series of spontaneous revolutions dubbed the "Springtime of the Peoples"? | 1848 (accept Revolutions of1848; prompt on"Springtime of the Peoples" or "Springtime of Nations" before "Springtime"; NOTE: Though some events lasted into 1849 and beyond, all of those mentioned began in 1848.) |
| In this country's region of Butana, the city of Meroë [[MEH-roh-ee]] served as the capital of the Kushite kingdom. Herbert Kitchener engineered a victory at the Battle of Omdurman in this nation during the Mahdi War, which saw the fall of this nation's capital near the convergence of the White and Blue Nile. For the point, name this African nation, home to ancient Nubian kingdoms, that lies directly south of Egypt. | Republic ofSudan (or Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān;acceptKushorKushite Kingdom before mentioned; prompt on "Nubia" before "Nubians"; do not accept "South Sudan") |
| Inthesepeople'sfolklore,theydisplacedaraceofgiantscalledTuniit,whichmodern scholars identify astheDorsetculture.ThisculturegroupdescendedfromtheThulepeople, and several groups of this culture were forced to migratesouthduetothedisappearanceof the bowhead whale. This people's first well-documented contact with Europeans occurred when Martin Frobisher landed nearIqaluit[[ee-KAHL-oo-it]]onBaffinIsland.Forthepoint, name these indigenous people, who are often erroneously called Eskimos. | Inuit (acceptInuk; acceptEskimobefore mentioned) |
| Due to a case of unrequited love, the "Cossack Countess" Olga Janina attempted to kill this man. This man composed a symphony celebrating the July Revolution in his youth, and incorporated traditional Roma tunes in his Hungarian Rhapsodies. Heinrich Heine [["HIGH"-nuh]] coined a phrase named for this composer to describe the hysteria that followed him wherever he went. A namesake "mania" was caused by, for the point, which composer of theTranscendental Études? | FranzLiszt (orLisztFerencz; acceptLisztomania) |
| This man committed amasspurgeofTiwavillagesintheTiguex[[tee-GWEKS]]War. Under this man's command, García López de Cárdenas became the first European to reach the Grand Canyon. This Governor of New Galicia followed the course of the Colorado River during his largest expedition. The search for theSevenCitiesofGoldwasundertakenby,for the point, which conquistador who explored much of the modern southwestern U.S. in the 16th century? | Francisco Vázquez deCoronado (or FranciscoVázquez deCoronadoy Luján) |
| A 19th-century folk magic ritual involved burying these creatures in miniature coffins underneath Finnish churches. The collective noise of these creatures led to a namesake "battle" in Windham, Connecticut. OSS member John Spence claimed that he earned a nickname based on this animal while serving as an underwateroperator,andthat term now refers to Navy SEALS in general. For the point, name these amphibians whose "Poison Dart" variety was used by Native Americans in weaponry. | Frog (acceptToad; or BullFrog; acceptFrogCoffins; accept the Battle of the Frogs; or the GreatFrogFight; acceptFrogmen; acceptPoison DartFrog; or Poison Arrow Frog) |
| An often quoted saying bythisman,chronicledbyJohnMontresor,mayhaveinstead been taken from Joseph Addison's historical play Cato. The British charged this man with being part of a corps of saboteurs who were believed to have started the Great New York Fire of 1776 while working for the Continental Army. The statement "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country" was said by, for the point, which American spy during the Revolutionary War? | NathanHale |
| Johann Strauss dedicated one of these works to the victor at the Battle of Custoza, Field Marshal Joseph Radetzky. Used for the play Ruin of Athens, Ludwig van Beethoven wrote one of these works inspired by the music of the Janissaries, named for the "Turkish" people. A modified brass tuba createdspecificallyforthistypeofmusicalpieceisnamedfor its "king," John Philip Sousa. For the point, name this musical piece meant to accompany soldiers moving in time. | March (acceptRadetzkyMarch; acceptTurkishMarch; acceptMarchKing) |
| After selling his company to American Home Foods, this man lost a fortune on investmentinsteelmills.ForsupplyingrationstotheAlliesduringWorldWarTwo,thisman received a Gold Star order of excellence. After World War One, this man supervised a massive White House homecoming meal for returning soldiers. Opening his restaurant "Garden of Italy" in 1924, for the point, what Italian-American chef became internationally famous for appearing on his namesake brand of canned food? | ChefBoyardee (accept EttoreBoiardi; or HectorBoyardee) |
| After capturing this city, the founder of the Cocom dynasty, Hunac Ceel supposedly threw himself down its sacred cenote [[seh-NOH-teh]] in an act of courage. Nearby this city's Temple of the Bearded Man is the largest preserved ball court in Mesoamerica. El Castillo [[cah-STEE-yoh]] contains a temple complex in this city dedicated to the feathered serpent Kukulcán [[koo-kool-KAHN]]. For the point, name this Late Classical Mayan city in the Yucatan. | Chichen Itza |
| A "Divine Narrative"tellshow,onhisdeathbed,thismanofferedhisonlypossession, half of a myrobalan [[mee-roh-BAH-lahn]] fruit, totheSanghacommunity.Thetreatmentof prisoners-of-war, respect for animal life, and conduct of Mahamatra officers are relayed in this ruler's rock pillar edicts. The bloodiness of the Kalinga Wars facilitated this leader's conversion to Buddhism. The sonofBindusarawas,forthepoint,which"great"Indianruler of the Mauryan Empire? | Ashokathe Great (orAshokaMaurya) |
| A raid in this body of water in 1945 helped lead to the liberation of Luzon in the Philippines, which, in 2016, initiated a global tribunal over territorial conflicts in this body of water. The namesake nation of this body of water often conducts military maneuvers to assert its claims over this sea, which include the Paracel and Spratly islands. For the point, name this contentious body of water located between Vietnam, the Philippines, and its namesake nation. | South ChinaSea (acceptChampaSea; orBienDong; prompt on "China Sea"; or "North Natuna Sea"; or "West Philippine Sea"; do not accept or prompt on "East China Sea") |
| The American date for this holiday falls on the same day as a festival in Spain commemorating "Our Lady of the Pillar."Theterm"DayoftheRaces"isoftenappliedtothis holiday, which is opposed by those who point out the mistreatment of the Arawak at the hands of its central subject. Italian-Americans oftencelebratethisholiday,whosenamesake commanded the Niña [[NEE-nyah]] and Santa Maria. For the point, name thisOctober12th holiday commemorating a 1492 voyage. | ColumbusDay (acceptIndigenous PeoplesDay,or synonymous answers) |
| Herman Wirth,amemberofthisorganization,wasfinancedbyittotranslatetheUra Linda Chronicle and put this group's resources toward searching for Atlantis.The"amateur völkisch"[[FOLK-ish]]Ahnenerbe[[AH-nen-ehr-buh]]wasdevelopedbythisorganizationto research "ancestral heritage"andwasledbySS-commanderHeinrichHimmler.Aryanswere promoted as the master race by, forthepoint,whatFascistpoliticalpartyofearly-twentieth century Germany? | NaziParty (acceptNational SocialistGermanWorkers' Party; accept NationalsozialistischeDeutsche Arbeiterpartei, acceptNDSP; acceptNazi[a/] Germany; accept [a]Third Reich; acceptAhnenerbebefore mentioned;acceptSSorSchutzstaffel before mentioned) |
| An African republic named for this U.S. state was incorporated into Liberia. This border state experienced riots on Pratt Street between Confederate sympathizers and this state's militia during the U.S. Civil War. Using the Necessary and Proper clause, John Marshall decided this state's attempt to tax the Second Bank of the United States was unconstitutional in a court case named for McCulloch and this state. For the point, what Mid-Atlantic state was founded by Lord Baltimore? | Maryland |
| In Jared Diamond's Collapse, he describes how the inhabitants of this island left it destitute due to a series of wars and poor agricultural management, making it the ideal example of societal collapse in isolation. Establishing the hamlet of Anakena, settlers from modern day French Polynesia likely colonized this island using outrigger canoes. The Rapa Nui are the natives of, for the point, which Pacific Island famed for its moai [[MOH-"eye"]] statues? | EasterIsland (acceptRapa Nuibefore mentioned) |
| An Arabic deity of this domain was elevated to prominence by a former high priest-turned-Roman Emperor, Elagabalus [[EH-luh-GAH-buh-lus]]. The Sapa Inca was considered the son of a god of this domain, another of which is considered the ancestor of the Emperor of Japan. A "disc" of this object was made the chief deity of Egypt by the Pharaoh Akhenaten. Inti and Amaterasu are, for the point, gods of what historically venerated celestial object? | Sun (orSolar Deity; accept equivalents; prompton "Sky") |
| This event may have originated from pigs meant to feed soldiers stationed atCamp Funston. Heavy newspaper coverage of an illness experienced by Alfonso XIII [[the thirteenth]] led to the most common name for this event. The Anti-Mask League of San Francisco was formed to opposepoliciesmeanttostemthespreadofthispandemic.Forthe point, name this pandemic commonly associated with an Iberian country, during which millions of people died in the aftermath of World War One. | Spanish Flupandemic (accept1918influenzapandemic; acceptGreatInfluenza epidemic) |
| A theorist in this style of warfare named Menno van Coehoorn [[KOH-horn]] developed principles of it like "Active Defense" and the "Denial of Terrain." Sébastien de Vauban [[vah-BONN]] perfected a parallel trench system to keep constant pressure on the targetduringoneoftheseeventswhilestillhavingreservessafefromdefensivefire.SunTzu states the last resort in warfare is to do, for thepoint,whatstrategicencirclementmeantto capture a city by means of attrition? | SiegeWarfare (acceptSiegecraft; or Besiegement;acceptPoliorcetics; prompt on "Blockade", or "Warfare"; prompt on descriptive answers) |
| The pocket battleship Admiral GrafSpeehidinthisnation'sportafterbeingpursued by the British navy, but was ordered to leave after 72 hours by the Hague Convention. To combat the urban guerilla group known as the Tupamaros, the Colorado party president Juan María Bordaberry called a state of emergency and later dissolved Parliament. This nation gained independence as the "Oriental Republic" following the Cisplatine War between neighboring Argentina and Brazil. The Treaty of Montevideowassignedin,forthe point, what small South American country? | Oriental Republic ofUruguay |
| This movement called for a transition to a national syndicalist government in their founding manifesto, the Twenty-Seven Points. The government of Manuel Azaña [[ah-ZAHN-nyah]] imprisoned and executed an early leader of this movement,JoséAntonio Primo de Rivera. This party integrated the Carlists through the Unification degree in 1937. The sole legal political faction in Spain for over forty years was, for the point, which party led by Francisco Franco? | FalangeEspañola Tradicionalista (accept SpanishPhalanx; accept the Falangists; accept theFET) Extra Tossups |
| During this wider conflict, Henry Hotspur helped defeat an uprising in Wales by Owen Glendower, and led several raids into Picardy. This conflict's early phase saw the destruction of one side'sfleetatSluys[[SLOYS]]andthecaptureofJohntheGoodatPoitiers [[PWAH-tyeh]]. The Battle of Castillon [[kah-steh-YOHN]]allowedonesidetoseizeGascony, effectively ending this war. For the point, name this lengthy dynastic conflict between England and France. | TheHundred Years’War |
| This country was the only Latin American nation to join the Korean War. In this country, a decade-long civil war between Liberals and Conservatives was known as La Violencia. The Medellin [[meh-deh-YEEN]] Cartel smuggled drugs out of this country in the late twentieth century under the leadership of Pablo Escobar. In 2017, the leftist FARC disarmed after a decades-long insurgency in this country. For the point, name this country, which as its earlier "Gran" iteration, controlled much of northwest South America. | Republic ofColombia (accept República deColombia; accept GranColombia) |
| Due to his opposition of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, this senator left the Democratic Party for the newly-formed Constitutional Union Party. Asgovernor,thismanwasunableto stop his state from joining the Confederacy, despite the legendary status he attained following his victory at the Battle of San Jacinto [[HAH-seen-toh]]. For the point, name this first president of the Republic of Texas, and namesake of the state’s most populous city. | SamuelHouston |
| The importation of craftsmenfromthisregionbyPrinceShōtokuledtothefounding of the world's oldest company, the construction-focused Kongō Gumi. Alluding to the work of Chinese historian Sima Qian [[SEE-muh CHEE-ahn]], a king of this region ordered the Samguk Sagi, a chronicle of its Three Kingdoms period. Sejong the Great created this region's alphabet, Hangul. For the point, name this formerly united East Asian peninsula whose Admiral Yi defeated a Japanese invasion with "Turtle Ships." | Korea (acceptBaekje,Silla, orGoryeo; acceptboth North and SouthKorea) |
| The region in which this city is located was known inAlgonquin[[al-GON-kwin]]as Cohongarooton [[koh-hong-ah-ROO-tahn]]. In 1983, a bomb planted by the "Armed Resistance Unit" exploded at Fort McNair, the Navy Yard, and another building in this city. The attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan occurredoutsideaHiltoninthiscity.Forthe point, name this city which houses the Watergate Hotel, the U.S. Senate, and the White House. | Washington,D.C. (acceptDistrict of Columbia;prompt on "Washington") |
| A stela at Karnak suggests that this ruler could be personally appealed to for forgiveness from sins. During his relatively briefreign,thismonarchmovedthecapitalback to Thebes, ending the Amarna period established by his father. Lord Carnarvon funded an excavation into this ruler's tomb, which was opened in 1922 by Howard Carter. For the point, name this "boy pharaoh" of the Egyptian New Kingdom. | Tutankhamunor KingTut |
| A naval victory at the Battle of Çeşme [[JESH-meh]] helped this monarch defeat the Ottoman Empire. This monarch suppressed Pugachev’s Rebellion and helped Stanislaw Poniatowski [[POHN-yuh-TOF-skee]] become king of Poland. With the aid of Grigori Potemkin, this monarchannexedtheCrimeanPeninsula.Apatronofthearts,thismonarch’s collection became the basis for the HermitageMuseum.Forthepoint,namethisEmpressof Russia. | Catherinethe Great (acceptYekaterinaVelikayaorCatherineII orYekaterina Alekseyevna orSophie Friederike Auguste, Prinzessinvon Anhalt-Zerbst |
| Alexander Lukashenko once bragged that these items from Belarus did not contain any toilet paper. Konrad Adenauer [[ad-den-OW-uh]] created a soy-based version of this item due to food shortages in World War One. Otto von Bismarck compared these items to laws, saying that it is better if the public does not see them being made. The “doctor’s” variety of this foodstuff in the SovietUnionoftencontainedadditiveslikeeggsandmilk.For the point, name this meat product, whose kielbasa [[keel-BAH-sah]] variant originated in Poland. | Sausages (antiprompt on specific varietiesof sausage) |
| Members of this organization started a drunken bar brawlwithMexican-Americans in “Bloody Christmas.” Mass corruption in this organization was exposed by the Rampart scandal. The concept of the "thin blue line" was devised by a leader of this organization. Stacey Koon, a member of this organization, beat a man who was speeding in a truck, sparking the Rodney King riots. For the point, name this largest California police department. | Los Angeles PoliceDepartment (orLAPD; acceptCity ofLos Angeles Police Department) |
| During his tenure at the Virginia Military Institute, this man was nicknamed "fool" by several students, though he later earned the nickname "Old Blue Light" for his zeal in battle. Though he opened with a tactical defeat at Kernstown, this man successfully outmaneuvered several larger Union armies in the Shenandoah Campaign. Called "myright arm" by Robert E. Lee, for the point, who was this Confederate general who was killed by friendly fire at Chancellorsville? | Thomas "Stonewall"Jackson (or Thomas JonathanJackson) |