| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A revolt of this force burned the Scutari Barracks due to reforms knownasNizam-I Cedid [[NEE-zahm-EE seh-DEED]], or the "New Order." In a modernization effort, thisforce was disbanded following the Auspicious Incident by Mahmud II. The devshirme system originally recruited young, Christian boys into this military corps, which was tasked with protecting the sultan in battle. For the point, name this elite, musket-wielding corps of Ottoman infantry. | Janissaries (orJanissaryCorps; acceptYeŋiçeri) |
| This man used the cousin of Amerigo Vespucci[[veh-SPOO-chee]],Simonetta,asthe model for the title nymph in The Death of Procris. Cosimo, Piero, and a young Lorenzo D' Medici all appear in this man's artwork Adoration of the Magi. This man became a fervent member of the "Weepers," followers of Friar Savonarola [[sah-voh-nah-ROH-lah]], and willingly destroyed several of his own works of art. For the point, name this artist of The Birth of VenusandPrimavera. | SandroBotticelli (or Alessandro di Marianodi VanniFilipepi) |
| This man likely gavethesharpshooterAnnieOakleyhernickname"LittleSureShot." Alfred Sully's deployment of artillery led to hisvictoryoverthisgeneralduringtheBattleof the Badlands, a part of the larger Dakota Wars. With Crazy Horse, this man eradicated the 7th Cavalry of George Custer attheBattleofLittleBighorn.TheGhostDancemovementwas supported by, for the point, which Hunkpapa Lakota chief? | Sitting Bull (orTȟatȟáŋka Íyotake) |
| In a Kalidasa play in this language, the celestial nypmh Urvasi is turned into a vine. The likely-fictional Kaurava and Pandava families battle in the dynastic Kurukshetra [[koo-rook-SHEH-trah]] War in anepicpoeminthistongue.Asubsetofthislanguage,which arose in the late Bronze Age, is known for its use in the Vedas. The Ramayana and Mahabharata were written in, for the point, what ancient sacred language of the Indian subcontinent? | Sanskrit (accept VedicSanskrit) |
| Under the dictator Siad Barre [[bah-REH]], this nation's forces targeted the Issaq [[EE-sahk]] clan in the Hargeisa [[har-GAY-suh]] Genocide. During a 1990s civil war in this nation, the Garoowe [[gah-ROO-way]] Conference led tothefoundingofthesplinterstateof Puntland. The collapse of this state led to an increase in international piracy in the Gulf of AdenandtheRedSea.TheBattleofMogadishuoccurredin,forthepoint,whatnationonthe Horn of Africa? | Republic ofSomalia (or Jamhuuriyadda FederaalkaaSoomaaliya; accept Somaliland; acceptPuntlandbefore mentioned) |
| Using the numeri auxiliarysystem,thisgeneralintroducedEasternmountedarchers and cataphracts into the Legion. This proponent of "Strength through Peace" rebuilt the Pantheon following its partial destruction during a 114 fire. This man accepted Antoninus Pius as his successor on the condition that he appoint Marcus AureliusandLuciusVerusas his heirs. A wall crossing Roman Britain was built by, for the point,whichofthe"FiveGood Emperors"? | Hadrian (accept Caesar TrajanusHadrianus;do not accept "Trajan" alone) |
| This man openly condemned a past administration's 1961 crackdown on Algerian citizens under police chief Maurice Papon [[pah-POHN]]. This man's foreign minister Jean-Yves Le Drian [[zhon-EEV luh dree-AHN]] called the signing of the AUKUS pact a"stab in the back." This successor of Francoise Hollande [[oh-LAHND]] defeated Marine Le Pen [[luh-PAHN]] in a 2017 electoral run-off. The Yellow-Vest protests occurred during the administration of, for the point, which French president? | EmmanuelMacron (or Emmanuel Jean-Michel FrédéricMacron) |
| This man's forces met disaster against Marinid sultan Salah ibn Salah at the 1437 Battle of Tangiers, after which this man's brother, Ferdinand, was given as a hostage. This royalsupposedlybasedhiseffortsoutofavillaontheSagres[[SAH-greesh]]peninsula,from which he funded several caravel voyages to the Bay of Arguin [[ahr-GEEN]], Madeira [[muh-DEEH-ruh]], and the Azores [[uh-ZORZ]]. For the point, name this fifteenth-century Portuguese prince, often credited with jumpstarting the Age of Exploration. | PrinceHenry the Navigator (or Infante DomHenrique, o Navegador; orInfante Dom Henrique[note: in Portuguese, "the Navigator"title is not typically attached to Henry's name]) |
| Shortly before this operation, Prime Minister Paul Reynaud [[ray-NOH]] declared Leopold III a "traitor" for surrendering after the Battle of theLys[[LEESS]].TheMinistryof Shipping scoured the River Thames forprivatenavalvesselstolease,laterbecomingknown as the "Little Ships of" this operation. Winston Churchill's "We Shall Fight on the Beaches" speech called this military operation a "Miracle of Deliverance." For the point, name this "evacuation" of 300,000 Allied soldiers shortly before the Fall of France. | DunkirkEvacuation (accept OperationDynamo;accept descriptive answers involving the evacuation ofDunkirk) |
| Protostrator Manuel Kamytzes [[kam-ITE-zeez]] harassed soldiers en route to this war while they were unable to cross from Thrace into Anatolia. During this war,theweight of his horse's armor led to the drowning of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa while crossing the Saleph [[SAH-leff]] River. Following this war's Battle of Jaffa [[JAH-fah]], Richard the Lionheart and Saladin agreed to peaceful terms. For the point, name this 12th century "Crusade" prompted by the Saracen [[SAY-ruh-sen]] capture of Jerusalem. | ThirdCrusade (accept theKing'sCrusade) |
| It's not Afghanistan, but mujahideen [[moo-jah-hih-DEEN]] guerillas in this nation's Mayu Peninsula agitated fortherighttobeannexedbyawesternneighbor.Mao'ssupportof the "Red Flags" in this nation led to its president, Ne Win, cutting off relations with China. This nation's Tatmadaw [[TAT-mad-aw]] armed forces overthrew the government of Aung San Suu Kyi [[CHEE]] in 2021. The repression of the Rohingya [[row-HIN-gah]] people occurred in, for the point, what nation also known as Burma? | Myanmar (accept Republic of the Union ofMyanmar;or Pyidaunzu Thanmăda MyămaNainngandaw; acceptBurmabefore mentioned) |
| Plumber Max Hödel [[HUH-del]]attemptedtokillamonarchwiththisnameafterhe was expelled from the Social Democratic Party. The second ruler of this name from the House of Hohenzollern became a figurehead in thefinalyearsofhisreign,concedingpower to Erich Ludendorff and Paul von Hindenburg. That monarch of this name dismissed longtime chancellor Otto von Bismarck two yearsintohisreign.TheKaiseratthebeginning of World War One had, for the point, what regnal given name? | KaiserWilhelm (acceptWilhelmI orWilhelmII; acceptWilliamin place of Wilhelm) |
| Mining rights for this substance led to a conflict between the Duke of Ferrara [[fer-RAH-rah]] and Pope Sixtus IV in a 15th-century conflict named for it. France's acquisitions from the Albigensian [[al-beh-JEN-zee-un]] Crusadeledtotheestablishmentof a crown tax namedthegabelleonthissubstance.TheSongdynastyperfectedlarge,artificial evaporation ponds for extracting this substance.Thelandwordsalarymaybederivedfrom, for the point, what mineral used to preserve food? | Salt (acceptSaltWar; or Guerra delSale;accept TableSalt; acceptSodium Chloride; orNaCl) |
| A princess and a warrior from this culture were supposedly transfigured into the stratovolcanoes Popocatepl [[poh-poh-kah-TEH-pill]] and Iztaccihuatl [[ees-stah-keh-HWAH-til]]. Known as the "hand-made mountain," the abandoned Great Pyramid of Cholula was a pilgrimage site for these people. Within the "Sacred Precinct" of these people was the Templo Mayor complex, which was simultaneously dedicated to Huitzilopochtli [[hweet-zee-loh-POACH-tlee]] and Tlaloc. For the point, name this Mesoamerican people who worshiped Quetzalcoatl [[KWEH-tsuhl-KWAH-tul]] and built Tenochtitlan [[teh-nohtch-TEET-lahn]]. | Aztec (acceptMexica; orNahuatl) |
| This monarch's sister Berenice [[beh-reh-NEE-kay]] IV died at the hands of her father after he paid Aulus Gabinius [[OW-looss gah-BIH-nee-ooss]] to reclaim his throne. While visiting a Triumvir inCilicia,thisrulerdressedasanudeAphroditeonagoldenbarge sailing down the Cydnus [[SID-nooss]] river. This mother of Caesarion supposedly killed herself with asps before being captured by Octavian.Forthepoint,namethislastPtolemaic ruler, a queen of Egypt and paramour of Mark Antony. | CleopatraVII Philopator |
| The first Japanese people to visit this kingdom was the crew of the Inawaka-maru, who broke isolationist policy. Sanford Dole's provisional government succeeded this kingdom, nearly going to war with the U.S. during Black Week after planters refused to reinstate Queen Liliʻuokalani [[leh-LEE-oh-kah-LAH-nee]]. Kamehameha [[kah-MEH-hah-MEH-hah]] the Great's conquests of islands including Molokaʻi and Oahu formed, for the point, what Polynesian kingdom that was annexed into the United States? | Kingdom ofHawaii (orHawaiian Kingdom; acceptAupuni Mōʻī oHawaiʻi) |
| This man openly decried the Social Democratic Party's plan to align with the Lassalleans inthe"GothaProgram."WhilecritiquingHegel'sPhilosophyofRight,thisthinker called faith the "Opium of the Masses." This thinker's text Theories of Surplus Value was published by his frequent collaborator, Friedrich Engels, after this man's death. Capitaland The Communist Manifesto were written by, for the point, which influential 19th-century German thinker? | KarlMarx (or Karl HeinrichMarx) |
| Duringthiswar,thecarrierOriskanynearlysankafterasoldieraccidentallylitaflare and threw it in a locker, causing a fire that killed 44 sailors. During this conflict, naval trawlers attempted to drop supplies to sites along the Bồ Đề [[BOH-DEH]] River including Nha Trang to get past U.S. personnel. Operation Custom Tailor was a dedicated naval bombardment of Haiphong Harbor during this war. For the point, name this 1955-1975 Southeast Asian conflict? | VietnamWar (or Chiến tranhViệt Nam) |
| In this nation, the housewife Mary Jackson used Belvidere Baptist Church to organize a bread riot in its capital city. John Pool led the Red Strings society, aiming to peacefully end a war fought by this breakaway state and return to its mother nation. This state believed "King Cotton" would pull the UK into the war on their side. Thesurrenderat Appomattox Courthouse nominally ended, for the point, whatstate,whichfoughttheUnion in the U.S. Civil War? | TheConfederacy (accept theConfederate Statesof America; acceptCSA; prompt on "South"; do not accept the "USA") |
| In this state, editor John Peter Zenger successfully won a libel case brought on by this state's sitting colonial governor. Laterconvertedintoasilverwarecompany,theutopian "Oneida [[oh-NYE-duh]] Community" in this state attempted to create Jesus's Millennial Kingdom on earth. This state's largest city was the headquarters for the British during the American Revolution following the Battle of Long Island. The Albany Congress occurred in, for the point, what Mid-Atlantic state? | New York |
| A Pulitzer Prize-winning story describing aneightyear-oldheroinaddictinthiscity, "Jimmy's World," was promoted by Mayor Marion Barry even after he discovered it was fabricated. Detailed logs about an event in this city from "Deep Throat" are recorded in All the President's MenbyCarlBernsteinandBobWoodward,whobroketheWatergatescandal. The Pentagon Paperswere published by, for the point,what city's paper, thePost? | WashingtonD.C. (accept either underlinedportion; accept theDistrict of Columbia, acceptWashingtonPost) |
| Human settlement of this country likely originated with Austronesians sailing on outrigger canoesfromwhatisnowIndonesia.FollowingtheFranco-HovaWarinthisnation, Queen Ranavalona III granted the port of Diego-Suarez and the surrounding bay to France. Radama I encouraged the modernization of this nation's Malagasy [[mah-lah-GAY-see]] language by using the Latin alphabet. Lemurs are endemic to, for the point, what African island nation and former French colony? | Republic ofMadagascar (Repoblikan'iMadagasikara) |
| While extracting this commodity, peasants developed the Yangge [[YAHNG-GUH]] style of folk song during the Song Dynasty. A Taoist state ruled by the "Celestial Masters" during the Three Kingdoms period required that adherents donate "Five Pecks" of this commodity. In legend, Guan Yin gave this foodtotheChinesepeopletoendtheirstarvation. Paddies are used to grow, for the point, what chief grain of East Asia? | Rice (acceptBaifan) |
| Under the guise of it being a wartime morale booster, FDR sent the "Green Light Letter" to Commissioner Kennesaw Landis urging him to keep this sport going. Branch Rickey, an owner in this sport, scouted talentamongtheniseiinmatesininternmentcamps. "The Luckiest Man on the Face of the Earth" speech was given by a retiring player in this sport, Lou Gehrig. The nickname "America's Pastime" wasgivento,forthepoint,whatsport played by Jackie Robinson? | Baseball (accept Major LeagueBaseball; orMLB) |
| This nation's Almirante Brown Antarcticabasewasburneddownbyascientistafter he was ordered to stay the winter. This country's National Reorganization Process led to a period of state terrorism known as "La Guerra Sucia" [[soo-SEE-ah]], or the Dirty War. The "Shirtless Ones" dominated post-war politics of this nation under the leadership of Juan Perón. Perón ruled from Buenos Aires in, for the point, what South American nation? | Argentina (acceptArgentineRepublic; or RepúblicaArgentina) |
| During the August Movement, this figuregavethe"DoorDie"speech,advocatingfor an end to violent resistance during the Second World War. American vice-consul Herbert Reiner captured this man's assassin following an attack attheBirlaHouse.TheBritishRaj's taxes on a certain good led to this man organizing the Salt March to Dandi. The term Mahatmawas bestowed upon, for the point, which Indianfreedom fighter? | MohandasGandhi (accept MahatmaGandhi; orMohandas KaramchandGandhi) |
| Composer Charles Hubert Parry wrote one of these works at the behest of British Poet Laureate Robert Bridges to strengthen wartime resolve during World War One. One theory claims that the composition of one of these works began as Martin Luther entered the Diet of Worms [[DEE-et "of" VURMS]] in 1521. That work of this type is "A Mighty Fortress is Our God." The biblical Book of Psalms is a collection of these songs supposedly written by King David. For the point, name these religious songs written in adoration of God. | Hymns (prompt on descriptive answers) |
| It's not Bangkok, but the Dusit Thani [[DOO-sit TAH-nee]] building in this city is meant to represent hands performing a traditional Thai greeting. This city’s man-made archipelago known as “The World” remains largely undeveloped due to the 2008 financial crisis. In 2009, this city became home to the largest building in the world, the Burj Khalifa. For the point, identify this city, the namesake of one ofthesevenemiratesthatmakeupthe UAE. | Dubai (orDubayy) |
| During this journey, a bluff along the Missouri River was named for officer Charles Floyd, who died of a ruptured appendix. This expedition constructed Fort Clatsop on the Columbia river shortly before reaching the Pacific Ocean. The hiring of trapper Toussaint Charbonneau [[shar-bah-NOH]] led to this group recruiting the Shoshone [[shoh-SHOH-neh]] translator Sacagawea [[sah-kah-juh-WEH-ah]]. The Corps of Discovery undertook, for the point, what "Expedition" to explore the Louisiana territory? | LewisandClarkExpedition (accept theCorpsof DiscoveryExpedition before mentioned) |
| An early musical component addedtothisgenrebyAfro-Creolemusician"JellyRoll" Morton was known as the "Spanish Tinge." Ornette Coleman was an early pioneer of this genre's "Free" form, releasing The Shape of [this genre] to Come in the late 1950s. The interwar years in the United Statesaresometimesknownas"TheAgeof"thismusicalstyle. For the point, name this improvisational genre of music whose practitioners include Miles Davis and Duke Ellington. | Jazz (accept FreeJazz; acceptThe Shape ofJazzto Come; accept The Age ofJazz) |
| During this period, the heretical sect of self-whipping acolytes known as the "Flagellants" peaked in popularity. One theory states this period began after Hanseatic contacts in the fur trade travelled totheRepublicofNovgorod.UnderCasimirtheGreat,the effects of this period were lessened in Poland, because the Jewish community spread hygienic practices like handwashing. Up to half of Europe's populationwaskilledby,forthe point, what 14th century blight? | Black Death (accept ThePlagueor theGreatMortality; accept BubonicPlague; prompt on references to time period such as "14th century" or "1346 to 1353") |
| Plasma torch gasification may be applied to this general type of materialtoprevent methane pollution and has been added to the U.S. Navy's Gerald R. Ford class aircraft carriers. The company Bigbelly produces a solar-powered machine that compacts this material. Accumulation of thismaterialinoceanicgyres[[JIRES]]createsnamesakepatches, including one named the "Great Pacific." For the point, name this material stored in landfills. | Garbage (ortrash, orwaste, orrefuse, orrubbish, accept word forms and other equivalent answers: accept Great PacificGarbagePatch;prompt on "pollution") |
| This man's illegitimate son, William, served as the final colonial governor of New Jersey. This man organized the militia which halted the marauding Paxton Boys's marchon Philadelphia. This diplomat, who secured French intervention in the American Revolution, also inventedconventionalbifocals.Forthepoint,namethisAmericanRenaissancemanand Founding Father who served as the United States's first Postmaster General. | BenjaminFranklin |
| One of these structures named for Emperor Domitian inspired the Statius [[STAY-shee-us]] poem The Elements of Balance. The Quattuorviri [[KWAH-twohr-VEE-ree]] was a quartet of magistrates appointed by the Republic who oversaw the maintenance of these structures.ThecursuspublicuswasacouriersystemunderAugustuswhichusedthese constructs to quickly deliver mail. Rome and Brundisium were connected by, for the point, what type of construct known as theVia Appia? | Roads (accept more specific answers like RomanRoads; accept synonyms like Causeways; acceptViaAppia before mentioned) |
| This politician's namesake "Doctrine" allowed for MiddleEasternnationstodirectly request American military and financial aid. This president's Farewell Address warned of the growing Military-Industrial Complexandlarge-scaledeficitspending.Thisman'stimein occupied Germany and visit to the Autobahn inspired his promotion of the Interstate HighwaySystem.Forthepoint,namethisgeneral-turned-presidentinthe1950s,nicknamed "Ike." | Dwight D (avid) "Ike"Eisenhower |
| In order to protect this monarch and his family, Leopold II and Frederick WilliamII threatened war in the Declaration of Pillnitz. The Marquis de Lafayette put down a riot against thismonarch,resultingintheChampdeMars[[SHAHMPduhMAHR]]Massacre.The National Convention convicted this king of high treason and executed him by guillotine in Revolution Square.ThehusbandofMarieAntoinettewas,forthepoint,whichBourbonking, deposed by the French Revolution? | Louis XVI[["the sixteenth"]] (prompt on "LouisCapet" or "Citizen Capet") |