| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Kleenex was first used in these products, and World War Two versions of these products were designed to look like Mickey Mouse to make them less frightening to children. Peach pits were collected for use in these products in World War One, and, in World War Two, these products were made smaller to easily fit on the face. Charcoal filters were historically used as a component of, for ten points, what objects that protect users from toxic airborne materials? | Gas Mask |
| The dissents in this case were registered by justices Hugo Black and John M. Harlan II. Abe Fortas wrote the majority opinion for this case, which ruled that students did not “shed...constitutional rights to freedom of speech...at the schoolhouse gate.” This case names a test that questions whether "substantial disruption" justifies infringing first amendment rights. For ten points, identify this 1969 Supreme Court case concerning students who wore black armbands in protest of the Vietnam War. | Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District |
| 32 countries boycotted the 1986 iteration of this event in Edinburgh, due to one government's tacit support of Apartheid. Kuala Lumpur hosted the first of these events in Asia, and the Australian shooter Phillip Adams holds the record for the most medals won at these events. These events trace their beginnings back to the 1911 Inter-Empire Championships in London. For ten points, name these games for athletes representing former realms of the British Empire. | Commonwealth Games (accept Friendly Games; accept British Empire Games before “former”) |
| This city's Old Windmill in Wickham Park is the oldest surviving building in its state. The so-called "Battle of" this city took place In November 1942, when riots broke out between locals and U.S. service members. This city's Shrine of Remembrance overlooks the ANZAC Square, and this city was originally founded as the Moreton Bay Penal Settlement. For ten points, name this future host of the 2032 Summer Olympics, the capital and largest city of Queensland. | Brisbane |
| Though this man is known primarily as a composer, he was also trained as a chemist and co-discovered the Aldol reaction. This composer, who wrote the tone poem In the Steppes of Central Asia, garnered fame outside of his home country of Russia after Franz Liszt arranged a performance of his Symphony No. 2 in Germany. For ten points, name this Russian Romantic composer and member of "The Mighty Five" who composed the opera Prince Igor. | Alexsandr Borodin (or Aleksandr Porfiryevich Borodin) |
| The oldest surviving written copy of this work was compiled in 1701 by Francisco Ximénez [[zheh-MEH-nehz]], and that copy was likely first told in the K'iche [[KEE-cheh]] language. This work's protagonists are summoned to Xibalba [[shih-BALL-buh]] by the Lords of the Underworld, whom they defeat in a ball game. For ten points, name this epic of Mesoamerican mythology that tells the story of Hunahpú [[hoo-nah-FOO]] and Xbalanqué [zhbah-lahn-KEH], the Maya Hero Twins. | Popol Vuh (accept Popol Wuj; or Pop Vuj) |
| During this period, sites were erected around Isturitz and Riparo Mochi. The Hamburg culture prevailed in Northern Europe during this period, in which works of art such as the Venus of Willendorf and the Lascaux [[LAHS-cow]] Caves were created. Humanity developed basic tools during this period, which followed the decline of the Neanderthals. For ten points, name this period that preceded the Mesolithic and Neolithic eras, whose name means "Old Stone." | Paleolithic Era (accept Upper or Lower Paleolithic Era; accept Old Stone Age before mentioned; prompt on "Stone Age") |
| For six years, this man published almanacs that included astronomical calculations and tidal information, as well as opinion articles on equality. George Ellicott supported this man in his studies by providing books and equipment, and this man's creation of a clock made entirely out of wood earned him national acclaim. For ten points, identify this inventor, publisher and astronomer, often considered to be the first African-American scientist. | Benjamin Banneker |
| This man's career is the subject of the David Hare play Straight Line Crazy. Robert Caro published a 1974 biography of this man, which was titled The Power Broker. This commissioner's plan to build a Lower Manhattan Expressway was opposed by activists such as Jane Jacobs. For ten points, name this New York public works commissioner who advocated for greater highway construction, often at the expense of minority neighborhoods. | Robert Moses |
| One of Robert Moses's public works projects was the completion of this stadium in Flushing Meadows. This stadium was built in conjunction with the 1964 New York World's Fair and was demolished in 2009 to be replaced by Citi Field. | Shea Stadium (or William A. Shea Municipal Stadium) |
| This politician was told by Abraham Lincoln that the country was trying to catch a "pretty big hog." This chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee proposed that the government confiscate the estates of the 70,000 largest landholders in the South. This man worked with John Bingham and Charles Sumner to impeach Andrew Johnson for opposing the Reconstruction Acts. For ten points, name this Pennsylvania representative who led the Radical Republicans. | Thaddeus Stevens |
| After this man was removed from office, Stevens quipped "if you don't kill the beast, it will kill you." This Secretary of War claimed that his dismissal by President Andrew Johnson violated the Tenure of Office Act. | Edwin Stanton (or Edwin McMasters Stanton) |
| This politician's first term in her highest post was rocked by Operation Midnight Jackal, and an event sometimes called the Agosta Submarine Scandal took place during this politician's second administration. Latif Khosa assisted this politician in writing a 160-page document that accused the Musharraf government of election fraud. For ten points, name this first woman to lead a Muslim State, a former two-time prime minister of Pakistan. | Benazir Bhutto |
| The Agosta Submarine Scandal is more commonly known by this city's name. Benazir Bhutto was born in this capital of Sindh Province. | Karachi |
| This man said he was “released without a stain on my character” after being cleared of illegally executing African chief Uwini, a prisoner of war who was promised amnesty. Leaked MI5 files in 2010 revealed that this man was a Nazi sympathizer and had links to the Hitler Youth. The co-founder of the Girl Guides with his sister, Agnes, this is, for ten points, what British Army officer who was the first Chief Scout and the founder of the Scout Movement? | Robert Baden-Powell (or Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell) |
| Robert Baden-Powell inspired this woman from Savannah, Georgia to establish the Girl Scouts of the USA. | Juliette Gordon Low (or Juliette Magill Kinzie Gordon) |
| Saudi Arabians created one of these constructs called Umm al-Qura [[OOM al-KOO- rah]]. Charles-Gilbert Romme developed one of these constructs with categories such as Messidor and Frimaire. Caliph Umar established one of these things that began at the Hijrah. One of these systems named for Numa Pompilius was replaced by one named for Julius Caesar. For ten points, name these constructs, one of which is named for Gregory the Great and is divided into twelve months. | Calendars (or Umm al-Qura calendar; accept French Republican Calendar; accept Hijri Calendar; accept Julian Calendar; accept Gregorian Calendar; accept Lunar Calendar if given, BUT DO NOT REVEAL) |
| The Islamic and Jewish calendars are of this type, which explains why certain holidays do not occur on fixed dates. | Lunar Calendar (accept Lunisolar) |
| Paul Hermann Müller [[MYOO-luh]] won a Nobel Prize for his discovery of this substance, which was used in World War Two to prevent malaria and typhus. An advertisement promoting this substance called it a "benefactor for all humanity" and featured a smiling apple and cow. This toxic substance was banned in the U.S. nearly ten years after a book claimed it caused cancers and the thinning of bird eggshells. For ten points, name this pesticide opposed in the book Silent Spring. | DDT (or Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; prompt on "Pesticide;" prompt on "Insecticide") |
| Silent Spring was written by this marine biologist and conservationist whose earlier works include Under the Sea Wind and The Sea Around Us. | Rachel Carson (or Rachel Louise Carson) |
| According to Suetonius, this event was hosted at Domitian’s Alban Villa, with performances executed by a society of priests. Ovid believed this event celebrated a deity’s birthday, but Festus claims it was due to the consecration of a temple at Aventine. Gladiators fought during the last four days of this event, while the purification of trumpets occurred on the last day. For ten points, name this Roman festival that honored Minerva and was named for its five-day duration. | Quinquatria (or Quinquatrus) |
| This fifth Roman emperor planned to assassinate his mother, Agrippina the Younger, by luring her to a Quinquatria in Baiae. | Nero (or Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus) |
| The British army kept prisoners on Georges Island near this city during the French and Indian War. This city, whose founding led to a war named for Jean-Louis Le Loutre [[LOO- truh]], provides Boston with a Christmas tree for its aid after a 1917 event. This city was leveled when the SS Imo and SS Mont-Blanc collided in "The Narrows," leading to the largest pre-nuclear explosion. For ten points, identify this Canadian city, the capital of Nova Scotia. | Halifax |
| Jean-Louis Le Loutre [[LOO-truh]] practiced this occupation. Another man with this religious profession, Sébastien Rale, launched an earlier war for the Acadian people. | Priest (accept Father; accept Missionary; accept equivalents) |
| Spanish explorer who discovered Florida while searching for the Fountain of Youth. | Juan Ponce de León |
| Settlement founded by the Spanish that is the oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the contiguous U.S. | St. Augustine |
| Tribe that fought three namesake wars with the U.S., some of whose members were deported on the Trail of Tears. | Seminole |
| 1819 treaty that finalized the purchase of Florida from Spain, named for its two negotiators. | Adams–Onís Treaty |
| Conservative pundit and Reform Party candidate whose placement on the butterfly ballot caused confusion in the 2000 presidential recount. | Pat Buchanan (or Patrick Joseph Buchanan) |
| Woman who convinced Henry Flagler to extend his railroad further south, earning her the nickname "Mother of Miami." | Julia Tuttle (or Julia DeForest Tuttle or Julia Sturtevant) |
| "Free City" on the Baltic end of the Polish Corridor that the Nazis quickly took in 1939. | Danzig (or Gdańsk) |
| City now called St. Petersburg that was besieged for nearly two and a half years. | Leningrad |
| Overall operation name of the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union. | Operation Barbarossa |
| Marshal of the Soviet Union who won the Battle of Kursk and led the advance to Berlin. | Georgy Zhukov (or Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov) |
| Operational codename for the Soviet encirclement of German forces in the vicinity of Stalingrad. | Operation Uranus |
| Name for the Soviet High Command, deriving from “tent,” that coordinated the defense of Russian territory and the later advance into Central Europe. | Stavka |
| Treaty that stripped Germany of its colonies following World War One. | Treaty of Versailles |
| Present-day nation that made up most of German East Africa and contains Mt. Kilimanjaro. | Tanzania (or United Republic of Tanzania) |
| Present-day nation and former German colony in West Africa that stretched from the Gulf of Guinea to Lake Chad. | Republic of Cameroon (or Republique du Cameroun; or Republic of Cameroon) |
| Desert nation in which the Germans committed the Herero Genocide, formerly known as South West Africa. | Republic of Namibia |
| Pacific Island nation that was divided into German and U.S. colonies in the Tripartite Convention. | Samoa (or Independent State of Samoa; Malo Sa'oloto Tuto'atasi o Samoa) |
| Chinese port on the Shandong Peninsula that was leased to Germany in 1898. | Tsingtao (or Qingdao) |
| This man served as the national chair of the Christian Democratic Union Party from 1973 to 1998, following a stint as Premier of Rhineland-Palatinate. This man and French president Francois Mitterand (*) negotiated the Maastricht Treaty, which effectively created the European Union. Serving as Chancellor of West Germany from 1982 to 1990, (*) this is, for ten points, what politician that served as the first Chancellor of reunified Germany from 1990 to 1998? | Helmut Kohl (or Helmut Josef Michael Kohl) |
| This man was briefly appointed U.S. Senator from New York by Governor Thomas E. Dewey after incumbent Robert F. Wagner’s resignation. This man criticized the U.S foreign policy of containment in his book War or Peace, (+) and this man was the architect of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, or SEATO. Serving as secretary of state under Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959, this is, (*) for ten points, what politician who names a Washington DC area airport? | John Foster Dulles (accept Washington Dulles International Airport; do not accept or prompt on "Allen Dulles") |
| This person supposedly got three innocent men pardoned after pushing the executioner's sword into the ground. This bishop supposedly resurrected three theology students who had been killed and picked at an inn. (+) This bishop’s habit of secret gift-giving made him the patron saint of pawnbrokers, and he probably didn't slap the heretic Arius at the Council of Nicaea. (*) For ten points, name this 4th century bishop who is often conflated with Santa Claus. | Saint Nicholas of Myra (accept Nicholas of Bari; accept Nicholas the Wondermaker; accept Saint Nick) |
| One of the texts known by this term begins by recognizing the "five supreme souls" of Jainism and is known as the Namokar. One of these texts in Tibetan Buddhism concludes "mani padme hum." (+) The simplest one of these things in Hinduism symbolizes a three-stage creation of the cosmos and is the single syllable "om." (*) For ten points, identify these rote verses or particular words or sounds, which are chanted for meditative purposes in Indian religions. | Mantras (accept Namokar Mantra) |
| King Munjong ordered design improvements for these things, which were originally derived from juhwas and singijeons. These items were sometimes used in naval combat onboard panokseon ships, and these items were used extensively in the Imjin (+) War. At the Battle of Haengju, these devices repelled an attack of over 30,000 samurai. (*) For ten points, name these gunpowder weapons used by the Joseon dynasty in Korea, consisting of many arrows launched by rockets from carts. | Hwachas (prompt on descriptive answers before "For ten points") |
| This deity was the dedicatee of a farmer’s last yellow sheep, after which the farmer became wealthy. The wife of this deity supposedly transcribes every word in a person’s household, and that wife of this deity titles a novel by Amy Tan. (+) A paper representation of this deity is smeared with honey to sweeten the annual report that he is believed to give to the Jade Emperor. (*) For ten points, name this Chinese folk deity who was once thought to reside in a stove. | Kitchen God (accept Zao Jun; or Zao Shen; or Zao kimjah; or Zhang Lang; accept Stove God before “Stove”) |
| This artist depicted a parable from the Gospel of Matthew in The Blind Leading the Blind. A partridge, a shepherd, and a fisherman appear in a painting created by this artist titled (+) Landscape with the Fall of Icarus.This artist painted the Labors of the Months cycle, which included The Hunters in the Snow. (*) For ten points, identify this Dutch master who visually depicted a series of folk aphorisms in Netherlandish Proverbs. | Pieter Bruegel the Elder |
| The Oneida nation dubbed this man “Aquilanda,” or “Rising Sun,” for his diplomatic skills. This man ordered the construction of a giant chain across the Hudson (+) River to thwart British forces. The Green Mountain Boys resisted this man's attempts to occupy Vermont while he served as the first postcolonial Governor of (*) New York. The uncle of DeWitt, this is, for ten points, what man who succeeded Aaron Burr as vice president under Thomas Jefferson and James Madison? | George Clinton |
| In the 1970s, Brown & Williamson developed a strain of this substance that was doubly as strong as the common kind. King James I of England wrote A Counterblaste to [this substance], (+) in which he complains about its passive use and blames Native Americans for bringing it to Europe. James Buchanan Duke earned his fortune by developing the first automated machine for producing items used to (*) smoke this crop. For ten points, name this crop used for snuff and cigarettes. | Tobacco (accept A Counterblaste to Tobacco) |
| This prime minister of Japan during most of World War Two became synonymous with Japanese war crimes and was hanged after the war following a tribunal in 1948. | Hideki Tojo (or Tojo Hideki) |