| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This man gave the command, "Those who can ride, ride! We will break through the enemy!" during the Battle of Rancagua, a battle he lost against Royalists led by Mariano Osorio. During the Battle of El Roble, this man gave another notable order, "Lads! Live with honor, or die with glory! He who is brave, follow me!" This man bared his chest while abdicating as Supreme Director of one country, a post overtaken by his former ally, Ramón Freire [[FREH-deh]]. For the point, name this revolutionary leader of Irish descent who assisted in the liberation of Chile. | Bernardo O'Higgins (or Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme) |
| This conflict began with a declaration of independence in the Piedra Alta de la Florida. In this war, the Irish-born Admiral William Brown commanded a successful victory in the Battle of Juncal [[HOON-kahl]], though he suffered a loss during the Battle of Monte Santiago two months later. The Thirty-Three Orientals led by Juan Antonio Lavalleja [[lah- vah-YEH-hah]] and Manuel Oribe led to victory in this war against Brazil, the former of which was supported by the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata. A peace treaty in Montevideo settled, for the point, what war that secured Uruguay's independence? | Cisplatine War (accept Argentine-Brazilian War until "Brazil" is mentioned; prompt on "Brazil War" until "Brazil" is mentioned) |
| This man, who declined to be his country's ruler, instead allowing Tomás Bobadilla to take that role, was exiled by dictator Pedro Santana to Caracas. This man's house was the site of the founding of La Trinitaria, a secret society meant to protect Latin America from European intervention, which this man created with Francisco del Rosario Sánchez and Matías Ramón Mella. That society led by this man resulted in the end of the Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo. For the point, name this man considered the founding father of the Dominican Republic. | Juan Pablo Duarte |
| This man gave Antonio Oblitas, a slave of Antonio de Arriaga, permission to execute a governor after he was captured while leaving a banquet intoxicated. This man said, "You as oppressor, I as liberator, deserve to die," after being captured. The body of this man, who was beheaded in Cuzco in the same area where his great-great-great grandfather was beheaded, was also quartered after four horses failed to dismember him. For the point, name this revolutionary leader, a Cacique [[kah-SEE-keh]] who led an insurrection during the Peruvian struggle for independence. | Túpac Amaru II (or José Gabriel Condorcanqui; prompt on "Túpac" or "Amaru") |
| This person proposed that George III should start a fake war with one country and fled from capture by forces under Jean-Andoche Junot [[jahn ahn-DOSH joo-NOH]]. This person was convinced by his ambassador, the Count of Palmela, as well as by Prince Talleyrand, to remain in one colony after the Congress of Vienna. This member of the House of Braganza ascended to the throne after the death of his mother, Maria I. For the point, name this "clement" king of Portugal and Brazil who conceded Brazilian independence to his son Pedro I in the 1825 Treaty of Rio de Janeiro. | Dom John VI [[the Sixth]] (or João VI; accept John the Clement before "Clement") |
| Shortly after this country's independence, Winston Cenac was elected as its prime minister. This country's second prime minister, Allan Louisy, was a member of the SLP and retired to the village of Laborie. The conservative United Workers party was led by a leader of this country's independence movement, John Compton. Independence movements occurred in this country's towns of Soufrière and Gros Islet. For the point, name this Caribbean island nation, whose government following its independence from the British was set up in Castries. | St. Lucia |
| This author discussed how Antilleans have no inherent values of their own in a chapter about Alfred Adler. That book by this author notes how the subject internalizes an inferiority complex due to processes of "epidermalization." The revolutionary potential of the lumpen-proletariat is emphasized in another book by this author which claims that "violence can heal the wounds that it has inflicted." The violent expulsion of colonizers is discussed in a book by, for the point, what Martinican philosopher and heavyweight of postcolonial studies, the author of Black Skin, White Masks and The Wretched of the Earth? | Frantz Fanon (or Frantz Omar Fanon; accept Ibrahim Frantz Fanon) |
| Colonel Archibald S. Dobbins became one of these people after moving his family to Santarem, and these people founded a cemetery in Santa Bárbara d'Oeste, because these largely-Protestant people could not bury their dead in Catholic cemeteries. These people were enticed to move to one country due to the promise of cheap land and slaves by the government of Pedro II and founded the city of Americana in São Paulo. For the point, name this group of white Southerners who emigrated to Brazil from the United States during Reconstruction. | Confederados (or Confederates; accept descriptive answers like Immigrants from the Confederate States of America; accept answers describing people from the American South before "Southerners" and prompt afterward) |
| This general served as second-in-command during the Battle of Vargas Swamp, which immediately preceded a more decisive victory. In 1819, this man took command of the Republican Army's vanguard and later went in to exile after being blamed for an attempted assassination of his former ally, Simon Bolivar. For the point, name this "Man of the Laws," a Colombian brigadier general who served as the first president of the Republic of the New Granada. | Francisco de Paula Santander (or Francisco José de Paula Santander y Omaña) |
| The National Party of this country, at one point part of the New Front for Democracy and Development, was accused of corruption during the 1977 elections, the first election since gaining independence. A coup d'état led by Dési Bouterse occurred five years after this country gained independence, which led to the overthrow of its first prime minister, Hence Arron, and its first president, Johan Ferrier. For the point, name this former Dutch colony in South America governed from the city of Paramaribo. | Republic of Suriname (or Surinam) |
| This man was convicted of sedition in 1936 in connection with the assassination of Colonel E. Francis Riggs. This man, who was known as "El Maestro" for his rhetorical skills, was the first person from his country to graduate from Harvard University, and was jailed for attempting to overthrow the local U.S. government. For the point, name this president of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party from 1930 to 1965 and the leading figure of the Puerto Rican independence movement. | Pedro Albizu Campos |
| This country's independence was established in the first clause in the Heads of Agreement document. George Cadle Price was referred to as the "Father of [this nation]" and served as its first prime minister. Due to ongoing territorial disputes, Guatemala refused to recognize this country's independence, which was officially granted on September 1981. For the point, name this Central American country that was once known as British Honduras. | Belize |
| This man prevented forces led by José de La Mar at the Battle of Tarqui from annexing the city of Guayaquil. This man names a city which lost its de facto capital status due to Potosi's economic decline. This man is also the namesake of Quito's airport, due to his victory at the Battle of Pichincha, which secured Ecuadorian independence. With the epithet of "Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho," this is, for the point, what independence leader who served as Peru's first president and Bolivia's second president, lending his name to the constitutional capital of the latter, alongside La Paz? | Antonio José de Sucre y Alcalá (accept Mariscal Sucre International Airport) |
| Charles Wilkins Webber and Charles Frederick Henningsen accompanied this man on one invasion, and Enmanuel Mongalo y Rubio burned this man's headquarters during the First Battle of Rivas. This man was executed in Honduras after he failed to take over the Bay Islands. This "gray-eyed man of destiny" was recognized by Franklin Pierce for briefly taking over a country governed from Managua. For the point, name this American lawyer who briefly established a slave-holding republic in Nicaragua. | William Walker |
| This country's coat of arms notably contained five green mountains as well as a rainbow in the top corner of a triangle. Manuel José Arce [[AR-seh]] served as this country's first president and José Cecilio del Valle [[vai-YAY]] was this country's only president from the Conservative Party. One province in this country fought the internal League War, and Francisco Morazán was this country's longest-serving president. For the point, name this country that declared independence from the First Mexican Empire in 1823 and dissolved into multiple successor states in the 1840s. | United Provinces of Central America (or Provincias Unidas del Centro de América; accept Federal Republic of Central America; or República Federal de Centroamérica) |
| Prior to this nation's independence, American military bases on Chaguaramas and Cumuto led to improved infrastructure. This country's last colonial governor, Solomon Hochoy was succeeded in another post by Ellis Clarke. Bhadase Sagan Maraj formed the People's Democratic Party in this country, whose politician Rudranath Capildeo was Leader of the Opposition after independence. Eric Williams is considered the "Father of...," for the point, what country in the West Indies whose independence efforts were led from Port of Spain? | Republic of Trinidad and Tobago |
| After a declaration in Guanajuato, this man led a 90,000-strong army of farmers against elites who had overthrown José de Iturrigaray. This man was betrayed and captured following a loss against well-trained soldiers at the Battle of Calderón. This man urged a revolt against Spanish authorities in the Cry of Dolores, triggering the Mexican War of Independence. Known as the "Father of the Nation," this is, for the point, what Catholic priest who led Mexico during its revolution against Spain? | Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla (or Miguel Gregorio Antonio Ignacio Hidalgo y Costilla y Gallaga Mandarte Villaseñor) |
| This conflict saw the detainment of local residents at Goose Green and Fox Bay. Driving on the left became an act of civil disobedience in this conflict, during which Operation Black Buck provided reinforcements from Ascension Island. This conflict was caused by Operation Rosario, an invasion which landed at Port Stanley, and South Georgia was also invaded during this conflict, which contributed to the collapse of a junta led by Jorge Rafael Videla. For the point, name this war between Argentina and the U.K. over an archipelago east South America. | Falklands War (or Guerra de las Malvinas) |
| Francisco de Miranda asked for 20,000 units of currency from this country's monarch, though he only received one thousand and some soldiers. The Spanish Navy made a deal with this country for a squadron to be delivered to Cádiz, though all warships were scrapped, putting an end to plans to reconquer the Rio de la Plata. Ferdinand VII [[the Seventh]], under whose rule most of the Spanish colonies were lost, developed an intimate friendship with an ambassador from this country. Dmitry Tatishchev served, for the point, what empire's rulers Alexander I and Nicholas I? | Russia (or Russian Empire; or the Russian Federation; accept RF; accept Rossiya) |
| According to Juan de Lleonart, this man's decision to betray the Spanish began when he led an attack on Dondon. This man became Lieutenant Governor after he rescued Étienne Laveaux while in captivity by Jean-Louis Villatte. A 1798 treaty signed by British general Thomas Maitland and this man resulted in the withdrawal of British troops from parts of Saint-Domingue [[SAN doh-MANH]], as well as the return of Port-au-Prince to French rule. For the point, name this Black general who was the most prominent leader of the Haitian Revolution. | Toussaint Louverture (or François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture; accept Toussaint Bréda) |
| Two answers required. Per a 1903 agreement, one of these two countries has annually sent the other a check for 4,000 dollars, which have not been deposited since its ratification. The Hay-Quesada Treaty between these two countries concerned sovereignty of Isla de la Juventud [[hoo-vehn-TOOD]]. The larger of these two countries gained control over the smaller through the Platt Amendment and a Treaty of Paris. The overthrow of Fulgencio Batista soured diplomatic relations between, for the point, what two countries which dispute Guantanamo Bay? | The Republic of Cuba and the United States of America (accept in either order) |
| A group of royalist outlaws known as the Pincheira brothers in this region persisted into the 1830s due to the support of the Boroanos tribe, and staged attacks on Bahia Blanca. This region's "Araucanization" displayed many of its Tehuelche people, and the Conquest of the Desert eliminated Mapuche dominance in this region, where sheep farming and gold mining operations led to the settlement of Tierra del Fuego. For the point, name this region of southernmost Argentina and Chile. | Patagonia (prompt on "Argentina" until mentioned) |
| The central image on the insignia of this military force depicts two hands shaking with a red hat on top of a pole in the background. This military force fought with the Chilean Army in the Battle of Maipú. José de San Martín commanded this military force during the Battle of Chacaburo, which resulted in their triumph against Spanish Royalists after undergoing a 21-day trek from Mendoza to Santiago. For the point, identify this army that shares its name with the mountain range it crossed from Argentina to Chile. | Army of the Andes (or Ejército de los Andes) |
| Klemens von Metternich described this document as a "new act of revolt" that would "grant new strength to the apostles of sedition and reanimate the courage of every conspirator." Violations of the terms of this document included the reestablishment of the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo as well as the Second French intervention in Mexico. For the point, name this document produced by John Quincy Adams under a namesake president which outlined the policy of the United States throughout much of the 19th century. | Monroe Doctrine |
| During the 1840s, this region formed an independent republic that utilized a five- starred flag in red, green, and white. This peninsula endured the rebellion of Chan Santa Cruz in its Caste War, which began in 1847. This peninsula was once the site of the pre- Spanish League of Mayapan, and during the 1800s and 1900s, Campeche and Quintana Roo were separated from this peninsula's namesake state. For the point, name this Central American peninsula, traditionally home to the Maya. | Yucatán Peninsula (accept Península de Yucatán) |
| This person’s military victories included the Battles of Boyacá and Carabobo. Though an anti-monarchist, this man was also anti-democratic, advocating rule by a president-for-life. This man took as a close political advisor—and lover—Manuela Sáenz. This man helped to liberate colonies that would become six present-day countries—many of which rebelled against the political order this general tried to establish. For the point, name this Venezuelan general, after whom one of the countries he liberated is named. | Simón Bolívar (accept Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Ponte Palacios y Blanco) |