| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Fowler Report detailed how these products were sold by UNITA in violation of U.N. Sanctions, which contributed to the signing of the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme. Liberian president Charles Taylor was accused of financing the Revolutionary United Front through the sale of these products, which also originated from Sierra Leone and Angola. De Beers faced controversy for selling, for ten points, what precious gemstones mined to finance warfare? | Blood Diamonds (prompt on partial answers; accept equivalents such as Conflict Diamonds, Brown Diamonds, Red Diamonds, or Hot Diamonds) |
| A woman killed during this overarching conflict is memorialized in Bai Juyi's poem "The Song of Everlasting Sorrow." After her family was blamed for this conflict, the imperial consort Yang Guifei was put to death. During this conflict, Abbasid mercenaries were hired to take back the capital of Chang'an. This conflict inspired the "Song of Wagons" and other poems by Du Fu. For ten points, name this rebellion against the Tang Dynasty led by a namesake Sogdian general. | An Lushan Rebellion (or An Shi Rebellion) |
| This man was the first Catholic justice on the Supreme Court and served as Treasury Secretary in the "Bank War." This justice ruled that only Congress could suspend habeas corpus in his Ex parte Merryman decision. This justice was replaced with Salmon P. Chase by Abraham Lincoln, who declined to make a statement upon his passing. This justice ruled that African Americans could not be considered U.S. citizens. For ten points, name this justice who delivered the majority opinion in Dred Scott v. Sandford. | Roger Brooke Taney [[TAH-nee]] |
| This disaster destroyed Richard Branson's private mansion on Necker Island. A Pasco County sheriff warned people not to shoot ammunition at this disaster, which was the most Google-searched term in its year. This natural disaster, the first Category 5 hurricane to ever hit the Leeward Islands, was the most powerful Atlantic hurricane in history before Hurricane Dorian two years later. Occurring after Hurricane Harvey and before Maria was, for ten points, what devastating 2017 hurricane? | Hurricane Irma |
| The first movement named for this term challenged the Tinkathia system and protested indigo cultivation in Champaran. The Sabamarti Ashram, which taught a philosophy named for this term, was the starting point for one movement named for this term also known as the "White Flowing River." That movement named for this term included its leader boiling a lump of salty mud in seawater in Dandi. Derived from Sanskrit words meaning "truth" and "insistence", for ten points, what term championed by Mahatma Gandhi named nonviolent resistance like the Salt March? | Satyagraha (prompt on “nonviolence” or “nonviolent resistance” before “nonviolent”) |
| This man survived an assassination attempt in Mazandaran when campaigning against Dagestan, for which he blinded his son Reza Qoli [[reh-zah KOH-lee]]. This man held a [i]kurultai[i] on the Moghan plains to depose Abbas III, having previously deposed Tahmasp II. After this man's assassination, the Durrani Empire's founder carried off a treasure whose name means "Mountain of Light" that this man obtained after the Battle of Karnal. For ten points, name this "Napoleon of Persia" who looted the Peacock Throne from Delhi. | Nader Shah Afshar (or Nader Qoli Beyg; or Tahmāsp Qoli Khan) |
| Following the Treaty of Bolotovo, this state granted the Lithuanian prince Daumantas [[dow-MAHN-tas]] independent control of Pskov [[PIH-skoff]] following their joint invasion of Danish Estonia. The destruction of the veche legislative house occurred during the fall of this republic's capital to Prince Ivan III's Muscovite army. A close association with the Hanseatic League led to the growth of, for ten points, what late medieval merchant republic of Northern Russia? | Novgorod Republic (or Novgorodskaya respublika; accept Novgorodian Rus) |
| A work focusing on medieval marriage known as the Charter Fragment was written in this language. Dolly Pentreath was a speaker of this language, which was used to write the three Ordinalia mystery plays. In 1904, a "Handbook of" this language was published by Henry Jenner, the son of a Rector at St. Columb Major. Robert Morton Nance created a unified system of this language, in which the Kernowak Standard spelling was popularized during its revival. For ten points, name this Brittonic language largely spoken in a county of England's southwest. | Cornish (accept Old Cornish; accept Middle Cornish; accept Late Cornish; accept Revived Cornish) |
| This resort city administers the Foros Church, built on a 400-meter bluff to commemorate Alexander III's survival from the Borki Train Disaster. This city's Tsar's Path is a seaside trail that connects the precarious Swallow's Nest castle to Livadia Palace, a former retreat of Nicholas II. The Sacred Cow, the first purpose-built Air Force One, brought FDR to a conference in this resort east of Sevastopol. For ten points, name this Crimean resort city, the site of a 1945 conference on post-war German reorganization. | Yalta (or Yalta Conference) |
| This composer failed to complete his opera Zhenitba and later began work on an opera based on a story from Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka titled The Fair at Sorochyntsi. This composer wrote the libretto for an autobiographical staging of the life of the first non- Rurikid tsar, which premiered in 1874 in St. Petersburg. For ten points, name this composer associated with the Russian "Mighty Five" who composed Boris Godunov and the piano suite Pictures at an Exhibition. | Modest Mussorgsky (or Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky) |
| At this battle, heavy fighting and the use of Parrott rifles at the Miller's Cornfield led to it be referred to as "artillery Hell." During this battle, General John Gibbon's Iron Brigade mortally wounded Confederate General William Starke along the Hagerstown Turnpike. Events leading up to this battle included the Battle of South Mountain and the Union discovery of Special Order 191 wrapped around cigars. For ten points, name this bloodiest single-day battle of the Civil War, fought in Washington County, Maryland near a namesake creek. | Battle of Antietam (or Battle of Sharpsburg) |
| This July 1864 Civil War battle in Maryland saw Confederate General Jubal Early defeat Union General Lew Wallace. Though, this battle stalled Early and allowed for a successful Union defense of Washington at the Battle of Fort Stevens two days later. | Battle of Monocacy (or Battle of Monocacy Junction) |
| After succeeding over rival Bo Zeya, this man created military battalions called Sitwundan and replaced General Smith Dun. This man asserted that Brigadier Aung Gyi bombed the Student Union Building in the 7th of July student uprising. This man's "Way to Socialism" created the BSPP and appointed Sein Win as Prime Minister. This man's totalitarian one-party rule was attacked during the 8888 Uprising, after which he resigned. U Nu was overthrown during the reign of, for ten points, what long-time president and prime minister of Burma? | Ne Win |
| During Ne Win's presidency, students protested at the funeral of this leader because the government did not hold a state funeral. This Burmese man was appointed to his most well-known position after Dag Hammarskjöld died in an air crash. | U Thant |
| A post-war "crisis" in this city led to a standoff between Truman and Charles de Gaulle over French troops quartering themselves in civilian homes. After a defeat at Nörlingen during the Thirty Years' War, this city was abandoned by Duke Eberhard III [[the Third]] in favor of Strasbourg. Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated after the November Revolutionaries stormed his namesake palace in this city. Karl Benz supposedly invented the automobile in this city, which contains the Mercedes-Benz Museum and Porsche Museum. For ten points, name this "cradle of the automobile" and capital of Baden- Württemberg. | Stuttgart |
| What East Francian stem duchy and historical region encompassed much of Baden- Württemberg and parts of Bavaria, and contained cities like Augsburg, Tübingen, Stuttgart, and Strasbourg. | Swabia (accept Duchy of Swabia; accept Swabian League) |
| This great-grandson of Hermes was often nicknamed Amechanos, or "incapable." This son of Alcimede [[AL-see-meed]] was reared by the centaur Chiron [[KYE-RON]]. This figure helped an old woman cross the Anauros River, who turned out to be Hera in disguise. This man fathered two sons with Hypsipyle [[hip-SIH-pih-lee]] while on Lemnos where his followers created the Minyan race. This figure committed his most famous action after traveling to Colchis, and he eventually married Medea. For ten points, name this leader of the Argonauts who hunted for the Golden Fleece. | Jason |
| This Greek playwright wrote about Medea's quest for revenge after Jason leaves her for a Corinthian princess. He also wrote the satyr plays Alcestis and Cyclops. | Euripides |
| Exiled in Florence, this person used the pseudonym "Count of Albany." This person was disguised as an Irish maid called "Betty Burke" when Flora MacDonald helped him escape to Skye. This man had success against John Cope's forces at the battle of Prestonpans, and declared battle at a moor despite objections from his general George Murray, losing to a man nicknamed the "Butcher," the Duke of Cumberland. For ten points, name this "Young Pretender" who led the 1745 Jacobite uprising. | Bonnie Prince Charlie (or Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart; or Charles III; accept The Young Pretender before read; prompt on "Charles Stuart") |
| What was the 1745 battle in which Charles's forces were defeated by Cumberland, the last pitched battle fought on British soil? | Battle of Culloden Moor (or Blàr Chùil Lodair) |
| A member of this party named Jordan Bardella [[bar-DAY-yuh]] controversially called the city of Trappes [[TRAAP]] an "Islamic Republic" after it voted Muslim Ali Rabeh as its mayor. A leader of this party dropped rhetoric that cast doubt on local participation of the Vel' d'Hiv [[VELL DEEV]] Roundup and the Algerian colonial wars in her "de- demonization" policy. Jean-Marie Le Pen founded, for ten points, what far-right French political party whose candidate, Marine Le Pen, lost a run-off to Emmanuel Macron? | National Rally (accept National Front; accept Rassemblement National) |
| Macron leads which rival party of the National Rally, which was created to accompany his 2016 Presidential run? | La République En Marche! (accept LREM; accept "The Working Republic") |
| This empire's monarch maintained a monopoly on the ownership of gold nuggets, allowing their subjects to solely own gold dust. This empire was unified under Dinga Cisse, who belonged to the Soninke people. Ibn Khaldun records that this power formed a permanent alliance with Sundiata Keita following his success at the semi-legendary Battle of Kirina. The city of Koumbi Saleh served as the historical capital of, for ten points, which West African "Empire" in a namesake modern-day country? | Ghana Empire (accept Wagadou) |
| Some historians believe that the Berbers who founded the Ghana Empire originated from the region near this river, formerly known as the Chadda, the largest tributary of the Niger [[nee-ZHEHR]] River. | Benue [[beh-NWEH]] River |
| This ruler's diplomat Sicorius Probus successfully negotiated a treaty that established the city of Nisibis as the sole trade outpost between his empire and the Sassanids. This man's love of gardening led him to voluntarily abdicate the throne of the Roman Emperor to retire to his villa. This man, who passed the ineffective Edict on Maximum Prices, conducted a series of namesake persecutions of Christians after being encouraged by future co-ruler Galerius. The Tetrarchy of Rome was established by, for ten points, which late 3rd-century emperor? | Diocletian (accept Diocles Valerius; accept Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus) |
| Diocletian retired to this home province following his abdication. Many of the emperors during the Crisis of the 3rd Century, like Aurelian and Claudius II, hailed from this province. | Dalmatia (accept Illyria; prompt on "Pannonia") |
| Devastating U.S. loss known at the time as "Custer's Last Stand," at which the Seventh Cavalry was eradicated. | Battle of Little Bighorn |
| Hunkpapa Lakota chief who was a leader in the Ghost Dance Movement and later joined Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show. | Sitting Bull (accept Thatháŋka) |
| Nez Perce chief who surrendered to Nelson Miles following his "I'm Tired of Fighting" address. | Chief Joseph (accept Joseph the younger; accept Hin-mah-too-yah-lat-kekt) |
| 1890 massacre of the Lakota, which some historiographers use as the terminus of the Native American Plains Wars. | Wounded Knee Massacre (accept Battle of Wounded Knee) |
| Later five-star general who led punitive campaigns against the Sioux and Cheyenne while head of the Department of Missouri. | Philip Sheridan (or Philip Henry Sheridan) |
| 1851 treaty between the U.S. and the Plains tribes to guarantee safe passage for settlers traveling on the Oregon Trail. | Treaty of Fort Laramie (accept Horse Creek Treaty) |
| Cheyenne chief who signed the Treaty of Fort Wise to secure a reservation in Colorado before dying at the Battle of Washita River. | Black Kettle (accept Mo'ohtavetoo'o) |
| Former pastor and U.S. army officer who led the forces who committed the Sand Creek Massacre. | John Chivington (or John Milton Chivington) |
| Primary weapon of the legion, mostly commonly using a "short" variety known as the gladus. | Sword (accept Short sword) |
| Roman triumvir who caused a civil war following his crossing of the Rubicon with his legion. | Gaius Julius Caesar (prompt on "Caesar") |
| Bird used on the standards of the legion, known as the aquila. | Eagles |
| "Reforms" which reorganized the legion from "maniple" system to "cohorts" and allowed the poor to join en masse. | Marian Reforms |
| Landowning class of Romans who served as cavalry in the early Republican Roman Legion. | Equites [[EK-wit-eez]] |
| Standard silver coin debased multiple times by emperors to pay for the loyalty of the legion. | Denarii (accept Denarius) |
| Military sandal-boots, worn as standard issue by the legion, which inspired the nickname of a Julio-Claudian emperor. | Caligae (prompt on "Caligula") |
| General class of legionnaires who performed special tasks like engineers or military police and were excluded from some duties. | Immunes [[ee-MYOO-nehs]] (accept phonetic pronunciation) |
| People whose repeated invasions of Japan were foiled by two typhoons in 1274 and 1281. | Mongol Empire (or Mongolians; or Mongols) |
| Japanese name for the typhoons, literally translating to "divine wind." | Kamikaze |
| Disputed islands, north of Hokkaido, inhabited by the Ainu. | Kuril Islands (accept Kurils) |
| Bay in Northern Vietnam, known for its limestone formations where Mongol Ships were stopped with wooden spikes | Hạ Long Bay |
| Korean admiral who used turtle ships to win the battles of Myeongnyang and Noryang. | Yi Sun-sin (prompt on "Sun-sin") |
| Hindu empire, once ruled by Hayam Wuruk and Gajah Mada, in present-day Southeast Asia. | Majapahit Empire (or Wilwatikta) |
| European power that sold the Nicobar Islands to Britain in 1868. | Kingdom of Denmark (or Kongeriget Danmark) |
| Medieval thassolocratic state known for its trading empire, centered around Palembang on Sumatra. | Srivijaya Empire (accept Srivijaya Kingdom) |
| At the Battle of Shiloh, the Reserve Corps of the Confederacy under this man failed to attack Union forces at Widow Bell's cotton field until rallied by Albert Sidney Johnston. With future political rival Stephen Douglas, this southerner sponsored the Kansas-Nebraska Act (+) and presented it to Franklin Pierce. Senator Jefferson Davis attempted to convince this man, Douglas, and John C. Bell to withdraw from one election to choose a suitable compromise candidate for the Democratic Party. (*) For ten points, name this Confederate general and former vice president of James Buchanan who lost the Election of 1860. | John C. Breckinridge |
| This man concluded that respiration was a slow combustion process after measuring the quantity of carbon dioxide and heat produced by a guinea pig. This man found that air was composed of two gases, one of which he called azote, (+) which he included as one of 33 elements in his Elementary Treatise on Chemistry. This scientist, who was guillotined for tax fraud and selling adulterated tobacco, disproved the phlogiston theory and formulated the law of conservation of mass. (*) For ten points, name this French scientist considered the father of modern chemistry. | Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier |
| In a case arising in this state, land was condemned from powerful families for redistribution, which was seen as echoing the eminent domain policies in Berman v. Parker. The Midkiff case arose in this state, which was the named defendant in a case that referred to (+) Korematsu as a "gravely wrong" decision. That 2018 decision from this state found that a presidential proclamation did not violate the Immigration and Nationality Act. (*) For ten points, identify this state that was the named defendant in a case involving Donald Trump’s travel ban. | Hawaii (accept Hawaiʻi; accept Trump v. Hawaii) |
| A 1971 play based on Oedipus Rex set in an unnamed kingdom of this country, and is titled The Gods are Not to Blame. A playwright from this country wrote about a dictator forcing a deposed ruler to cultivate yams as a sign of his abdication. Kongi's Harvest (+) was set in this country, the home of Ola Rotimi. A playwright from this country was imprisoned under the government of Yakubu Gowon years before writing a play in which colonial authorities prevent the ritual suicide of the King's Horseman. (*) For ten points, name this home country of Wole Soyinka. | Federal Republic of Nigeria (accept Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Najeriya; accept Oríle ̀- èdè Olómìniira Àpapo ̀ Nàìjíríà; accept Ọ ̀hàńjíko ̀ Ọ ̀hànézè Naìjíríyà) |
| Gargoyles in this building's lobby caricature figures such as rental agent Edward Hogan and design engineer Gunvald Aus. The twin murals "Labor" and "Commerce" in this building inspired its nickname "The Cathedral of Commerce." This building, designed to be taller than the (+) Metropolitan Life tower, incorporated an image of its commissioner counting dimes in reference to his past as a five-and- dime store magnate. The world's tallest building at its 1913 completion, (*) for ten points, what terracotta New York City skyscraper, designed by Cass Gilbert, was the headquarters of a retail store? | Woolworth Building |
| A sculpture of one of these people committing suicide while holding up the dying body of his wife was rediscovered in the 17th century alongside a sculpture named for a throne. Two sculptures of these people were discovered during excavations of the Villa Ludovisi, (+) providing the name for a sculpture by Epigonus. A now-lost sculpture from the Hellenistic period depicts a wounded one of these people who is slumped while sitting on his shield next to a sword with a lion's head. Attalus I of Pergamon commissioned a sculpture to celebrate his victory over, (*) for ten points, what Celtic people of modern-day France? | Gauls (accept Galatians; prompt on "Celts") |
| The sonnet "Whoso list to hunt" has been used to imply adultery between one man with this first name and someone beheaded by a French swordsman. A churchman of this first name edited the Book of Common Prayer and helped (+) dissolve one king's marriage to his sister-in-law. Refusal to acknowledge that king's new marriage caused the execution of another man with this first name, who wrote (*) Utopia. For ten points, give this first name of an Archbishop of Canterbury surnamed Cranmer and a Chancellor surnamed More. | Thomas (accept Thomas Wyatt; or Thomas Cranmer; or Thomas More) |
| One queen of this culture was legendarily defeated by Cyrus the Great after he left wine behind to entice her army into a drunken stupor. Following the defeat of Palakus by Diophantus, this culture disappeared from the historical record. A golden statue of a (+) stag was recovered from one of this culture’s burial kurgans at Kostromskaya. Encounters with mounted warrior women from this culture are commonly believed to be the origin of Amazon myths. (*) For ten points, name this culture of horse nomads who inhabited the Eurasian Steppe in the first millennium BCE. | Scythians [[SITH-yens]] (be lenient on pronunciation; accept Sarmatians; accept the Massagetae) |
| Films that premiered at this location included King Kong, Breakfast at Tiffany's, and To Kill a Mockingbird. This building houses the largest instrument built by the Wurlitzer Company, and Richard Leibert was the chief (+) organist of this building from 1932 to 1971. In 2021, Tony Bennett performed two farewell concerts alongside Lady Gaga at this theater. Located at 1260 Avenue of the Americas, (*) for ten points, what New York City theater is home of the Rockettes? | Radio City Music Hall (accept Radio City) |
| Name the Carolingian King of the Franks who became the first Holy Roman Emperor. | Charlemagne (or Charles the Great; accept Carolus Magnus; prompt on partial answers) |