| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This cabinet member pressured the Sultan of Morocco to accept demands from the bandit Raisuli, who kidnapped Ion Perdicaris [[pehr-dee-KAH-rees]]. This statesman was President Lincoln's private secretary from 1861 to 1865, leading him to write Abraham Lincoln: A History in 1890. This man proposed the Open Door Trading Policy, which promoted equal trade with China and was in effect from 1899 to 1949. For ten points, name this U.S. Secretary of State who served from 1898 to 1905, and who negotiated the creation of the Panama Canal with Philippe Bunau-Varilla [[boo-"NEW" vah-REE-yah]]. | John Milton Hay |
| This military force was known for cutting open the bellies of its enemies to let their spirits out in a tradition that translates to "The Washing of the Spears." The "Horn of the Buffalo" formation was used by this military organization, proving vital in its ambush of the British at the Battle of Isandlwana [[ee-sahnd-luh-WAH-nah]]. The introduction of the assegai spear heightened the deadliness of, for ten points, what Zulu regiment used by Shaka to conquer much of Southern Africa? | Impi (prompt on “Zulu” or “Zulu Warrior (s)” before “Zulu” is mentioned) |
| This leader's government tortured Martín [[mahr-TEEN]] Almada, who discovered the Archives of Terror. This man fought against the Bolivian army in the Battle of Boquerón [[boh-keh-ROHN]] during the Chaco War. This man provided refuge in his country for Nazi fugitives, including Joseph Mengele. This man oversaw the construction of the Itaipú [[ee- tah-ee-POO]] Dam and gained his position after he overthrew Federico Chávez and gained control of the ruling Colorado Party. For ten points, name this man who was President of Paraguay from 1954 to 1989. | Alfredo Stroessner (or Alfredo Stroessner Matiauda) |
| At one battle, Xenophon [[zeh-NOH-fohn]] described the army of this city as being structured "like a trireme, with the spur of the prow out in front." Anticrates [[ahn-TEE- krah-tees]] may have killed the leader of this city at that battle, whose opposing side was led by Agesilaus [[ah-geh-sih-LAY-ehs]] II. Epaminondas [[eh-pah-meh-NOHN-dehs]] was a leader of this city-state, which won the Battle of Leuctra [[LOOK-trah]] before being defeated at the Battle of Mantinea [[mahn-TEE-neh-ah]]. Defeating Sparta's hegemony, for ten points, what Greek city-state was mythologically opposed by a group of seven men? | Thebes (accept Thiva; or Thebai) |
| Members of this group formed the South Shore Gang, while others formed the Chénier [[Shay-NIAY]] and Liberation Cells. Beyond bombing Jean Drapeau's [[ZHAHN drah- POHS]] house, this group sparked one incident prompting a leader to state "Just watch me" after invoking the War Powers Act in response to the kidnappings of Pierre Laporte and James Cross. For ten points, name this separatist terrorist group, responsible for the October Crisis supporting Québec independence. | FLQ (or Front de Libération du Québec) |
| This man's secretary Robert Beale carried dispatches between Paris and London around the time of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre. This man married his daughter to the poet Sir Philip Sidney. This successor of Robert Cecil in one post uncovered a plot that led to the arrest of Sir Francis Throckmorton. This man thwarted the Babington Plot, leading to the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots. For ten points, name this spymaster for Queen Elizabeth I [the First]. | Sir Francis Walsingham |
| With Oren Harris, this politician named a "Drug Efficacy" amendment which required pharmaceutical companies to accurately disclose side effects caused by their drugs. This politician, who entered political rallies on a dogsled and donning a coonskin cap, convinced incumbent Harry S. Truman to drop his reelection campaign in 1952 following a string of primary victories. John F. Kennedy was passed over as the 1956 Democratic Vice- Presidential candidate for, for ten points, which Tennessee senator who ran with Adlai Stevenson? | (Carey) Estes Kefauver |
| This religion's practitioners depicted royal's heads in an elongated manner, and after its creator's death, priests erased many monuments of him and Smenkhkare [[smhen- kuh-KAH-reh]]. This faith was invented by a ruler once known as Amenhotep IV [the Fourth], who outlawed traditional polytheism during the Amarna period. This religion solely worshipped the sun disk, rejecting Amun-Ra. For ten points, name this faith that briefly replaced traditional Egyptian religion under the rule of Nefertiti's husband, potentially the world's first monotheistic faith. | Atenism (accept Amarna heresy before "Amarna" is mentioned) |
| A campaign commonly named for this person was preceded by an expedition in which Tanacharison stated, "Thou art not yet dead, my father!" before eating the brain of Joseph Coulon de Jumonville. The Forbes expedition followed a campaign named for this man, who was killed in the French-occupied Ohio River Valley. A campaign named for this man is also named for a river that he crossed in a failed attempt to reach Fort Duquesne [[DOO-"cane"]]. For ten points, name this British general, who was defeated during the French and Indian War by the Monongahela [[mah-non-gah-HEH-lah]]. | Edward Braddock |
| One of the officers during the disastrous Braddock Campaign was this Lieutenant Colonel, who served as commander-in-chief of British forces during the early Revolutionary War and as military governor of Massachusetts Bay during the Boston Tea Party. | Thomas Gage |
| According to legend, this dynasty came to power after Prince Popiel II was imprisoned and eaten alive by rats. This dynasty's leader Henry II [the Second] the Pious was killed at the Battle of Legnica [[leg-NIT-sah]] by the Mongols. The second king of this dynasty lent his army to Sviatopolk [[SVYAHT-toh-polk]] to battle Yaroslav the Wise. The duchy of Silesia was conquered by this dynasty's founder, Mieszko [[MYEH-skhoh]]. Casimir the Great and Boleslaw the Brave were major leaders of this dynasty. For ten points, name this dynasty that preceded the Jagiellon [[jah-GEH-lohn]] dynasty in Poland. | Piast Dynasty |
| The final king of this dynasty, Casimir III [the Third], was succeeded by Louis of Hungary, which gave ruling power to this house. Queen Jadwiga [[YAHD-wee-guh]] was a member of this house, as was Plantagenet rulers of England such as Henry II [the Second]. | House of Anjou (accept Angevins) |
| One man with this surname commanded Grand-Riviere after the Moïse [[moh- "EASE"]] Revolt and was one of few leaders, alongside Macaya, who refused to surrender to Charles Leclerc [[luh-KLER]]. That man’s assassin built a castle of this name near the site of his death at Milot [[mee-LOH]], from which he ruled a kingdom advised by men like the Baron de Vastey [[vah-TAY]]. The most famous palace of this name was constructed in the Rococo style in Potsdam. For ten points, what name, meaning “without worry,” was shared between a Haitian revolutionary, Henri Christophe’s castle, and a palace built by Frederick the Great? | Sanssouci (accept Jean-Baptiste Sans Souci; prompt on “Palace of Frederick the Great” before “Frederick”) |
| Michel-Rolph Trouillot [[troo-eeh-YOH]] used the "Three Faces of Sans Souci," of which Frederick’s palace is by far the most famous, to demonstrate how narratives of the Haitian Revolution have undergone this process, leading to their neglect in Western history- writing. | Silencing (or being Silenced) |
| Liutprand of Cremona wrote one account of this event in which one participant's acts were invalidated. One participant in this event became the Bishop of Porto-Santa Rufina under Nicholas I [[the First]]. The instigator of this event asked another participant, "When you were bishop of Porto, why did you usurp the universal Roman See in such a spirit of ambition?" A deacon was appointed to answer on behalf of one participant in, for ten points, what 897 event where Pope Stephen VI [[the Sixth]] put the dead body of his predecessor, Pope Formosus, on trial? | Cadaver Synod (or Cadaver Trial) |
| The Cadaver Synod took place in this building, which is administered by the Holy See outside of the Vatican. This building is the seat of the Bishop of Rome and shares its name with the treaty that created the Vatican City. | Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran (or Lateran Basilica; Archbasilica Cathedral of the Most Holy Savior and of Saints John the Baptist and John the Evangelist in the Lateran; accept Lateran Treaty) |
| Miguel de la Madrid acknowledged that electoral fraud led a candidate with this surname to lose to Carlos Salinas de Gortari, whose presidency involved the assassination of Luis Donaldo Colosio. Another politician with this surname suppressed the actions of the paramilitary group the Gold Shirts and exiled Plutarco Calles [[KYE-yes]] to San Antonio. That man with this surname was succeeded by Manuel Comacho and justified an act of government expropriation to found PEMEX. For ten points, give this shared surname of Guatémoc [[gwah-TEH-mohk]] and Lázaro, who was Mexico's president from 1930 to 1940. | Cárdenas |
| Lázaro Cárdenas launched a system that distributed these areas of communal land for agriculture to peasant communities to stem social unrest. | Ejidos |
| This man's support of the tenentes inspired FDR to refer to this man as "one of two people who invented the New Deal." Plinio Salgado, who earlier supported this leader, targeted him in the Pajama Revolt. This leader gained support after denouncing the existence of the Cohen Plan, a communist plot to overthrow the government. Gaspar Dutra led a coup against this man, who wrote of "leaving life to enter history" in a 1954 suicide note. For ten points, name this long-time dictator of Brazil who established the Estado Novo. | Getúlio Dornelles Vargas |
| This longtime foe of Vargas was targeted in an assassination attempt during the Rua Tonelero, though Air Force major Rubens Vaz was killed instead. | Carlos Frederico Werneck de Lacerda |
| Titus Tatius once co-ruled with this man, whose most famous act was commemorated every year on April 21st with the Parilia Festival. This person was married to Hersilia, who is often credited with ending one conflict with the Sabines. This person was succeeded in one position by Numa Pompilius. This person was born after his mother, the vestal virgin Rhea Silvia, was raped by Mars. This person killed his brother Remus after being raised by a she-wolf. For ten points, name this founder of a city on the Tiber River on the Italian Peninsula. | Romulus |
| Rome was founded after Romulus observed twelve vultures over Remus's six vultures in this form of Roman divination. It often involved priests interpreting omens from the activities of birds. | Augury (accept word forms; accept "taking the auspices") |
| The latter part of this period included the upward rifting of the Cimmerian subcontinent, leading to the formation of the Neo-Tethys [[TEH-thiss]] Sea. Olson's extinction occurred during this period, during which the Emeishan and Siberian flood basalts formed. The "Murder on the Orient Express" hypothesis refers to the causes of an event at the end of this period that marked the end of the trilobites. The last of the Paleozoic era was, for ten points, what period that concluded with the "Great Dying" before the Triassic began? | Permian Period |
| The Permian period was preceded by this other period, which is divided into the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian epochs and was known for its coal-forming swamps. | Carboniferous Period |
| Ethnicity of youths who were the primary target of U.S. servicemen for wearing the suits. | Mexican-Americans (accept Chicano; accept Latines, Latino, Latina, or Latinx; accept Hispanics) |
| War from which the U.S. servicemen who perpetrated the riots were returning. | World War Two (accept Second World War) |
| Western state where the riots occurred. | California |
| Southeast Asian minority also targeted by the riots due to often donning the same garb and having similar last names. | Filipino-American (accept Pinoy; accept answers indicating people from the Philippines) |
| New York neighborhood which was the origin of the "Zoot Suit" often worn by Black artists in the 1930s. | Harlem (accept Inwood, Manhattan) |
| Reservoir which names a controversial 1943 murder trial that occurred in the prelude to the riots. | Sleepy Lagoon (accept Sleepy Lagoon Murder) |
| Western Greek kingdom which he ruled. | Epirus (accept the Epirot Kingdom) |
| Kingdom of Alexander the Great of which he was offered the throne following the death of Ptolemy Ceraunus. | Kingdom of Macedonia |
| City in Eastern Sicily, later led by Hiero I, which he saved from a Carthaginian siege. | Syracuse (accept Siracusa) |
| "Straits" between Sicily and the boot of Italy in which he lost much of his fleet to a combined Carthaginian-Mamertine navy. | Strait of Messina |
| Pyrrhic victory at which the Roman maniples first encountered war elephants in battle. | Battle of Heraclea |
| Alternative name for Pyrrhus which is derived from the name of Achilles's son who kills Priam. | Neoptolemus [[nee-oh-TOHL-leh-muhs]] |
| Modern-day country in which the empire was predominantly located. | Republic of India (or Bharatiya Ganarajya) |
| Ruler who built an elaborate torture chamber in his namesake "hell" as well as a set of rock and pillar edicts. | Ashoka Maurya (accept Ashoka the Great; accept Aśoka; accept Piyadassi; accept Ashoka's Hell; prompt on "Maurya") |
| Founder of the empire who starved himself to death in a Jain ritual. | Chandragupta Maurya (accept Sandrokottus; accept Androcottus; prompt on "Maurya") |
| Bloody war fought against an independent kingdom after which the Mauryan leader converted to Buddhism. | Kalinga War |
| Greek historian and ethnographer who was ambassador to the empire. | Megasthenes [[mah-GAHS-theh-nees]] |
| Capital city located at the confluence of the Ganges and Son rivers. | Pataliputra |
| In the prelude to this event, farmer Édouard Marion drove government surveyors off his land and the Council of Assiniboia was dissolved. The bloodless capture of Fort Garry began (+) the Wolseley Expedition's rapid pacification of this rebellion, which was partly motivated by the execution of Thomas Scott. This uprising was led by Métis [[MEH-tee]] people against the government of John MacDonald. Louis Riel's execution (*) effectively ended, for ten points, which Canadian rebellion in 19th century Manitoba? | Red River Rebellion |
| The communalist elements of Confucianism were the claimed origin of this theory's version of "laissez-faire." In contrast to the earlier mercantilist school, this theory held that value was created through agricultural labor (+) and that all industrial labor was an "unproductive appendage." This theory was developed after the publication of the "Tableau économique" by its founder, (*) François Quesnay [[kee-NEH]]. For ten points, name this 18th-century economic theory popular among French elites, which claimed that all wealth was derived from land ownership. | Physiocracy (or Physiocratie; accept word forms) |
| Jeff Wall's photograph The Destroyed Room takes inspiration from this painting but removes elements of violence. Elephant heads protrude from a piece of furniture in this painting, which was inspired by a Lord Byron play itself inspired by Diodorus Siculus. (+) A Bactrian woman is depicted hanging herself in this painting, whose title historical figure lounges on a red bed while his servants kill horses. Nude Middle Eastern women are (*) stabbed in, for ten points, what painting depicting the last moments of an Assyrian ruler, painted by Eugène Delacroix [[duh-lah-KWAH]]? | The Death of Sardanapalus (accept La Mort de Sardanapale) |
| This person examined the principles of good government in the book Letter of Othea to Hector, in which one edition was dedicated to Henry IV of England. Philip the Bold commissioned this person to write a history of Charles V of France. (+) This person wrote a manual of late medieval warfare titled The Book of Feats of Arms and of Chivalry. One of this writer's primary sources was Giovanni Bocaccio's De mulieribus claris, inspiring a work that sings the praises of Zenobia and (*) Queen of Sheba. For ten points, name this female author of The Book of the City of Ladies. | Christine de Pizan (accept Christine de Pisan; accept Cristina da Pizzano) |
| This professor's metaphysical views influenced the views of his student W.E.B. DuBois [[doo-BOYS]] on early sociology, as recounted in DuBois's article "A Negro Student at Harvard." This writer highlighted the impact of the classical materialist writer of De Rerum Naturum, (+) Lucretius, in his Three Philosophical Poets. In the Life of Reason, this thinker stated, "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it." (*) For ten points, name this Spanish-born American philosopher who wrote Skepticism and Animal Faith. | George Santayana (or Jorge Agustín Nicolás Ruiz de Santayana y Borrás) |
| One joke about these things was that they could be caught just by sticking chewing gum on the highway. These things contained a cotton-coated resin plastic called Duroplast, and the 601 version of these things was produced from 1964 to 1990. These things were produced in Zwickau (+) and were known for "belching smoke" and their small two-stroke engines. A painting at the East Side Gallery by Birgit Kinder depicts one of these things crashing through the (*) Berlin Wall. For ten points, name these automobiles produced in East Germany, a symbol of low-quality Eastern Bloc goods. | Trabants (or Trabbis; prompt on less-specific answers) |
| One ruler with this name was the first Parthian to use the title "king of kings." Another ruler of this name drove Nicomedes III from the throne of Cappadocia, sparking wars in which he fought generals like Murena. That ruler with this name instigated the (+) Asiatic Vespers, and a Mozart opera depicts his son Pharnaces [[FAR-nass-sus]] II rebelling against him in collusion with Pompey. That ruler with this name failed to kill himself by poison due to his namesake method of building (*) immunity by ingesting small doses. For ten points, give this name of a Pontic king who fought three wars with Rome. | Mithridates (accept Mithridates I of Parthia or Mithridates VI [[the Sixth]] Eupator of Pontus) |
| This event was led by astronomer and politician Jean-Sylvan Bailly, who served as inaugural head of the National Assembly. This event, convened a month prior to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, was the subject of an unfinished Jacques-Louis David [[dah-VEED]] (+) etching. The promise "not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require until the constitution of the kingdom is established," was recited during this event, which occurred early into the (*) French Revolution. For ten points, name this 1789 "Oath" taken by the Estates- General in a sporting locale in the Palace of Versailles. | Tennis Court Oath |
| This man's great-grandson was a Pennsylvania senator who was killed in a 1991 plane crash. This entrepreneur’s first company specialized in selling bottled horseradish, though the company later went bankrupt. (+) In 1888, this man founded a company whose slogan includes both the number five, his lucky number, and seven, his wife’s lucky number. (*) For ten points, name this businessman whose company is known for selling bottled ketchup with the slogan, "57 Varieties." | H.J. Heinz (or Henry John Heinz) |
| What 1906 Congressional Act banned the adulterating and mislabeling of consumed and medicinal products? | Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 |