| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This kingdom installed the proxy king Prusias I to rule over Cius [["SEE"-yus]] and Myrleia [[mir-LEH-ah]]. One ruler of this kingdom rejected a 200 BCE ultimatum from the comitia centuriata (+) to repay damages owed to Pergamon and Rhodes. Demetrius I attempted to conquer Rhodes for this kingdom, which was defeated by Rhodes and a series of allies in the Battle of (*) Chios [[KEE-ohs]]. For the points, identify this ancient kingdom most notably led by Philip II and Alexander the Great. | Kingdom of Macedonia (accept Makedonia; or Macedonian Empire) |
| This group constructed Bodrum Castle, which was also known as the Petronium, using pieces from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. Residences for members of this group were secured by Philip De Thame [[TEHM]], (+) who acted as this group's English Grand Prior. This group had its headquarters in Jerusalem before relocating to Rhodes in the early 14th century. (*) For the points, identify this medieval Christian order, tasked with defending the Holy Land, who took their name from a building for healing the sick. | Knights Hospitaller (or The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem) |
| One ritual associated with this god involved driving a four-horse chariot over a cliff and into the sea. According to the Titanomachy, this deity sleeps through the night (+) in a gold cup. That description of this god was written by a writer from Corinth, where this god had one of their major cult centers. This god's seven sons include Actis and Triopas, and those children were fathered by this god with his wife, (*) Rhodos. For the points, identify this patron of Rhodes, the Greek god of the sun. | Helios (or Helius) |
| The Chapel of Saint George Pachymachiotis [[pah-kee-mah-KYOH-tees]] can be found in this location, from which tourists depart for the nearby Vlycha Beach. This location was once ruled by the poet Cleobulus, (+) one of the Seven Sages of Greece. This location is home to features such as the Propylaea of the Sanctuary and a relief carving of a Rhodian trireme among the remains of this location's (*) acropolis. For the points, identify this Rhodian village, which is home to an archaeological site containing the ruins of the Temple of Athena Lindia. | Lindos |
| According to Herodotus, one member was kicked out of this organization for not properly dedicating a prize won during games in Triopia. This organization included the Cos, Cnidus, (+) and Halicarnassus, as well as three cities on Rhodes. This organization was partially named for a region in Anatolia near the Ceramic Gulf. (*) For the points, name this collection of states named for their number and for their founding by the Dorians. | Dorian Hexapolis (accept Doric Hexapolis) |
| He's not Sun Tzu or Machiavelli, but this man used his own combat experiences to write a work titled The Art of War. This thinker, native to Apamea, promoted the idea of cosmic sympathy, (+) and he suggested that tides were caused by the heat of the moon. Panaetius [[pah-NAY-shus]] was the teacher of this thinker, who proposed the most accurate contemporary estimation of the distance between the sun and the Earth, though this figure still fell wildly short. (*) For the points, identify this philosopher who spread the theories of Stoicism as a teacher on Rhodes. | Posidonius |
| Words written by this man were said to have been fixed in gold to the walls of the Rhodian temple of Athena Lindia. A genre of works written by this author are characterized by the use of strophe, antistrophe, (+) and a concluding line called an epode. This author's most famous works, such as those addressed to Diagoras of Rhodes, were written to commemorate athletic success. (*) For the points, identify this poet of Ancient Greece known for his Pythian and Victory Odes. | Pindar (or Pindarus; or Pindaros) |
| This figure and his father were the losing commanders during the Babylonian War of the early 4th century. Along with Medius, this figure commanded the victorious naval fleets at the Battle of Salamis, (+) where he earned an epithet translating to "the besieger." During the Third War of the Diadochi, this ruler was on the losing side of the Battle of (*) Gaza. For the points, identify this ruler of Macedonia and son of Antigonus I who conducted an unsuccessful 305 to 304 BCE siege of Rhodes. | Demetrius I Poliorcetes [[poh-lee-ohr-SEE-tees]] (accept either Demetrius I or Demetrius Poliorcetes) |
| This agreement was ratified along with the Chester concession, which was a proposed measure giving the U.S. permission to build railways in the concerned nation. This agreement replaced another that would have given Rhodes to Italy. This agreement included a declaration of amnesty (+) that guaranteed protection for the perpetrators of the Armenian genocide, and it was a more successful follow-up to the Treaty of (*) Sèvres [[SEHV]]. For the points, identify this treaty with Turkey that decided the control of Ottoman lands during a conference in a namesake Swiss city. | Treaty of Lausanne (or Traité de Lausanne; or Armistice of Mudanya) |
| One of these events was the subject of a 1656 work by Sir William Davenant, which is considered the first English-language opera. John Caius the Elder and Guillaume Caoursin described one of these events that occurred in 1480, (+) in which Pierre d'Aubusson led the Knights Hospitaller. A later event of this type in 1522 resulted in victory for forces partially led by Çoban Mustafa Pasha. (*) For the points, identify these events in which military forces under the Ottomans conducted a long-term attack on Rhodes. | Sieges of Rhodes (accept 1480 Siege of Rhodes; accept 1522 Siege of Rhodes) |
| Antiochan historian John Malalas mistakenly attested to a second version of this structure built during the reign of Hadrian. This structure was ultimately destroyed by the Umayyads under Mu'awiya I (+) and sold for its bronze. Chares [[KAH-rees]] of Lindos was responsible for building this structure, which historians believe did not straddle two marble pedestals over the entrance to the harbor surrounding Rhodes. (*) For the points, identify this Ancient Wonder of the World, a massive statue dedicated to the god Helios. | Colossus of Rhodes |
| This man holds a globe in the Raphael fresco The School of Athens. This thinker's only surviving work, a commentary on the Arateia [[ah-rah-TEE-ah]], (+) contains stellar quantities that this thinker would use in the first comprehensive star catalog. This astronomer died circa 120 BCE in Rhodes, where he made sixteen observations of the (*) equinox. For the points, identify this Greek astronomer who discovered the phenomenon of precession and is considered the father of trigonometry. | Hipparchus of Nicaea [[nee-KAY-uh]] |
| A prelude to this conflict involved a Rhodian plea for aid during the Cretan War. In the aftermath of this conflict, the Treaty of Apamea [[ah-pah-MAY-uh]] gave Rhodes control of Caria and parts of Lycia. (+) During this conflict, a force partially composed of Rhodians led by the admiral Eudamus [[yoo-DAY-muhs]] defeated Hannibal at the Battle of Eurymedon [[yoo-REE-meh-dohn]]. (*) For the points, identify this 192 to 188 BCE war in which Rhodes allied with Pergamon and Rome to repel an empire founded by one of Alexander the Great's generals. | Roman-Seleucid War (or Seleucid War; or War of Antiochos; or Syrian War) |
| This man forced the suicide of Publius Cornelius Dolabella after attacking him in Laodicea. This man compelled Pindarus [[pihn-DAH-ruhs]] to help him commit suicide following his defeat at the hands of the Second Triumvirate (+) at the Battle of Philippi [[FIH-leh-"pie"]]. This man sacked Rhodes in the wake of an assassination plot that he helped to orchestrate, and Dante described this man's head as one of three in the mouth of (*) Satan. For the points, identify this man who plotted the assassination of Julius Caesar with Brutus. | Gaius Cassius Longinus |
| Timocrates of Rhodes served in this role, distributing financial support to Greek city-states under the authority of the satrap Pharanabazus [[fah-rah-nah-BAY- zehs]]. While serving in this role, Agepolis [[ah-GEH-poh-lis]] of Rhodes (+) had an audience with the consul Quintus Marcius Philippus. The chief magistrate Agesilochus [[ah-geh-see-LOH-kuhs]] served in this role while negotiating a grain import license with (*) Rome. For the points, identify this role fulfilled by multiple Rhodian statesmen in an endeavor to negotiate peace following the Third Macedonian War. | Ambassador (accept Diplomat; accept Strategos; accept Statesman before mentioned; accept Magistrate or Chief Magistrate before mentioned; prompt on similar answers) |
| The first ruler of this empire defended it against David Comneus, the co- emperor of Trebizond. This realm retained suzerainty over Leo Gabalas, who ruled from Rhodes, despite his virtually independent operations in the Aegean Islands. (+) This realm was founded among many other states in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade's sacking of Constantinople, and it was dominated by the Laskaris family. (*) For the points, name this empire, the largest of the three Byzantine Greek rump states after 1204. | Empire of Nicaea (or Nicene Empire; prompt on "Byzantine Empire") |
| This emperor discovered the source of the Danube while battling the Marcomanni, and this emperor was the subject of a plot led by Claudia Livia and Sejanus [[seh-JAY-nehs]]. This emperor retired to Rhodes with his wife, Julia, (+) and raise their adopted son, Drusus [[DROO-sehs]]. This emperor adopted Germanicus as his potential successor, and this emperor was succeeded by that man's son, (*) Caligula. For the points, identify this Roman emperor who withdrew from public life and settled in a villa in Capri after becoming the successor of Augustus. | Tiberius Caesar Augustus |
| This writer coined the phrase "Here is Rhodes, jump here" in a story titled "The Boastful Athlete," and one depiction of this author shows him among the handmaids of Xanthus [[ZAHN-thehs]]. (+) That depiction continued debates over this author's race, which stem from Planudes [[plah-NOO-dees]], who conjectured that this author was Ethiopian. Phrases such as "quality, not quantity" and "sour grapes" come from this author's stories. "The Tortoise and the Hare" was written by, (*) for the points, what Greek author of fables? | Aesop |
| This dynasty's control over Rhodes ended with a revolt that led to the installation of Theodosius III. This dynasty was on the losing end of the 656 Battle of the Camel (+) during the First Fitna. This dynasty, which is divided into the Sufyanid and Marwanid periods, was initially led by Muawiyah [[moo-ah-WE-yah]] I. This dynasty was overthrown by the Kaysanites, which led to the rise of their successor, the (*) Abbasids. For the points, identify this Islamic caliphate that succeeded the Rashidun. | Umayyad Caliphate (or al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) |
| This war was responsible for many firsts in combat, including the first airborne reconnaissance mission and the first aerial bombing. The agreement that ended this war is sometimes known as the Treaty of Ouchy [[OOH-shee]], (+) and that treaty resulted in the withdrawal of troops from vilayets such as Benghazi. The Second Treaty of Lausanne ended, (*) for the points, what war fought between 1911 to 1912, which gave the island of Rhodes and the rest of the Dodecanese back to the Ottomans? | Italo-Turkish War (or Italo-Turkic War; prompt on "War of Libya"; prompt on "Tripolitanian War") |
| This conflict resulted in the Rhodian domination of the city-states of Olous and Hierapytna, although its navy was decimated at the Battle of Lade. (+) That defeat in this war was later reversed at the Battle of Chios, and this war saw Knossos join Rhodian forces to ensure continued domination over its namesake. (*) For the points, name this war fought between King Philip V of Macedon and city-states of a namesake island against Rhodes. | Cretan War |
| These agreements were violated by an arms trafficking operation involving the Mandelbaum Gate and a barrel of unknown contents. Jordan violated provisions in these agreements by preventing Jewish people from visiting the Western Wall (+) in Jerusalem. These agreements were followed by a similar Tripartite Declaration that was signed by the United States, France, and Great Britain. (*) For the points, give this term for a series of cease-fire agreements signed in Rhodes in a post-World War Two year. | 1949 Armistice Agreements (or 1949 Armistice Agreements) |
| This ruler was repelled by relief forces from Spain and Italy during a four- month siege against Malta. This ruler built the Marmaris Castle while laying siege to the city of Rhodes. (+) This ruler negotiated with Villiers de L'Isle-Adam [[vih-LYEH deh LILLE-ah-DAHM]] to end one conflict, and this ruler replaced his brother-in-law with Ahmed Pasha as the leader of that six-month conflict targeting the (*) Knights Hospitaller. For the points, identify this longest-reigning Ottoman sultan, known as the "Magnificent." | Suleiman I (accept Suleiman the Magnificent; accept Suleiman the Lawgiver) |
| Domentziolus was a triumphant senior military leader in one of these wars, which saw the death of Rhahzadh in the Battle of Ninevah [[nihn-neh-VAH]]. Rhodes was lost after an invasion of Asia Minor by Shahin, a (+) "spahbed" or army chief of one side, nearly forcing Heraclius to become a client king. One of these wars, which occurred between 572 to 591 CE, was fought over Armenia and restored Khosrow II to the throne. (*) For the points, name these wars fought between an empire in Persia and the Eastern Roman Empire. | Byzantine-Sasanian War (accept Byzantine-Sasanian War of 572-591; prompt on "Roman-Persian Wars") |
| This figure placed Cyrenaica under the authority of their stepson, Magas. According to Diodorus of Sicily, this figure was offered the honor of deification after sending forces to repel a 4th-century BCE Siege of Rhodes (+) by Demetrius Poliorcetes [[poh-lee-ohr-SEE-tees]]. This person, who was a member of the Diadochi, was the first ruler of a dynasty that included (*) Cleopatra. For the points, identify this pharaoh and founder of a namesake Egyptian dynasty, whose epithet means "savior." | Ptolemy I (accept Ptolemy Soter; or Ptolmaios Soter) |
| The earliest list compiling these collective sites was written by epigrammist Antipater [[ahn-TIH-pah-ter]] of Sidon. The arsonist Herostratus destroyed one of these constructs, (+) which was dedicated to Artemis just outside of Ephesus [[eh- FEH-suhs]]. Rhodes once contained one of these structures, which included the Hanging Gardens of (*) Babylon. For the points, identify this list of classical ancient structures, which includes the Colossus of Rhodes and the Great Pyramid of Giza. | Seven Ancient Wonders of the World (prompt on "Seven Wonders" or "Seven Wonders of the World"; accept Great Pyramid of Giza before "Herostratus" is mentioned; prompt on "Pyramid" before "Herostratus" is mentioned; prompt on any of the specific members of the list, such as the "Temple of Artemis at Ephesus") |