| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This man gave the prophetic statement that the U.S.'s "next war will be with Germany" while considering a run for president. This man's ground forces supported Wesley Merritt in taking possession of one important bay during that bay's namesake battle. This man told Charles Vernon Gridley, "You may fire when you are ready," prior to the defeat of Admiral Montojo y Pasarón. For the point, name this U.S. admiral whose Asiatic Squadron won the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish-American War. | George Dewey |
| In his journal Microscopical researches, this scientist introduced the term "metabolism" to describe the chemical action of cells. This man helped introduce calculations to physiology through his work with muscle contraction. This scientist, who successfully isolated pepsin from the stomach lining, first demonstrated that fermentation required the presence of yeasts to start. This man and Matthias Jakob Schleiden pioneered modern cell theory. For the point, name this German physiologist who names the principal glial cells of the peripheral nervous system. | Theodor Schwann (accept Schwann Cells) |
| One holder of this position, Scipio Nasica, pulled a toga over his head to incite the killing of Tiberius Gracchus. This position was the most powerful in a body made by Numa Pompillius, though it ranked lower than the flamines maiores. Holders of this position originally lived in the Domus Publica and carried the secespita, and holders of this position, more than sixteen centuries apart, made namesake calendar reforms. For the point, name this highest position in the Ancient Roman priesthood, now an alternative title for the Pope. | Pontifex maximus (accept Supreme Pontiff; prompt on partial answers; do not accept or prompt on "Pope" or other specifically Christian titles) |
| Although this woman wanted Gustave le Doulcet [[luh dool-SAY]] to defend her at trial, Claude François Chauveau-Lagarde defended her before the Revolutionary Tribunal. After this woman's conviction, she asked Jean-Jacques Hauer to paint her before her execution at the Place de Grève. This woman’s involvement in the French Revolution and eventual beheading is depicted in the play The Revolutionists. For the point, name this woman who murdered the Jacobin leader Jean-Paul Marat [[mah-RAH]]. | Charlotte Corday (or Marie-Anne Charlotte de Corday d’Armont) |
| Giles D'Argentan died at this battle, the winning side of which was helped by Alexander Seton's defection. The winning commander in this battle encamped his forces, deployed in schiltrons, at New Park before splitting the head of Henry de Bohun in single combat. Better Together was the victorious side in an event held 700 years after this battle, leading to Alex Salmond's resignation. Causing the cession of Stirling Castle to Robert the Bruce's forces, for the point, what 1314 battle was key to establishing Scotland's short-lived independence from English domination? | Battle of Bannockburn |
| This man developed Aleatoric music, in which elements are left to chance, after his embrace of Zen Buddhism in the early 1940s. This man pioneered the prepared piano, which involved placing objects inside the piano to create percussive effects, demonstrated in his Sonatas and Interludes. This man and his partner, a dance choreographer named Merce Cunningham, collaborated on works like Theatre Piece No.1. For the point, name this experimental American composer who conceived of 4’33’’ [[FOUR-THIRTY-THREE]], consisting of 4 minutes and 33 seconds of uninterrupted silence. | John Cage (or John Milton Cage Jr.) |
| During these conflicts, according to Vegetius, scouting vessels were painted the color of the sea before being sent to collect intelligence along the British coast. One side in these conflicts used grappling hooks to defeat the Venetic fleet at the Battle of Morbihan. The migration of the Helvetii prompted these conflicts, which culminated in the capture of Vercingetorix during the siege of Alesia. Julius Caesar wrote Commentaries on, for the point, which 1st century BC conflicts? | Gallic Wars (accept Bellum Gallicum; accept Bello Gallico; accept Commentaries on the Gallic Wars) |
| This language is the fourth-most spoken non-English language in American homes, concentrated in the states of California, Nevada, and Washington. This language sometimes uses the Baybayin script, an abugida shared with Kapampangan [[kah-pahm-PAHNG-en]]. The English words "boondocks" and "jeep" originate from this language, whose loanwords largely come from Hokkien Chinese, Malay, and Spanish. For the point, name this Austronesian language which serves alongside English as the national language of the Philippines. | Tagalog [[tah-GAH-lohg]] (accept Wikang Tagalog; prompt on "Filipino") |
| This man retired from politics in 1970 and moved into a "hut" in a community whose name means "Herding Field." This man became Defense Minister after the resignation of Pinhas Lavon for a failed false flag operation in a neighboring country. This man, who led the creation of Mapai, also oversaw the transfer of 49,000 Yemeni Jews during Operation Magic Carpet. During his second term, this man authorized an invasion of Egypt during the Suez Crisis. For the point, name this man, the primary founder and first prime minister of Israel. | David Ben-Gurion (or David Grün) |
| During this war, Admiral Rosily-Mesros was forced to surrender his naval squadron. After this war's Battle of Vimeiro, Sir Hew Dalrymple was pushed into retirement as a result of the Convention of Cintra. The Disasters of War by Francisco Goya depicts the result of this conflict. The Battle of Salamanca was a key British victory during this war, which was sparked by the Dos de Mayo Uprising. For the point, name this war, won by the Duke of Wellington against the French, fought in Spain and Portugal. | Peninsular War (accept Spanish War of Independence; prompt on "Napoleonic" Wars) |
| Wang Pu wrote an "Old Book" of this dynasty about which the scholar Ouyang Xiu also wrote a "New History." This dynasty was the origin of military commanders known as jiedushi. Li Jiancheng was killed by a ruler of this dynasty during an incident that took place at Xuanwu Gate. The westward expansion of this dynasty was stopped near the Syr Darya at the Battle of Talas, a loss to the Abbasids. Luoyang and Chang'an served as capitals to this empire which came to power in 618. For the point, name the predecessor of the Song Dynasty. | Tang Dynasty (accept Tang Empire; accept Old Book of Tang; accept Tangshu; accept New Book of Tang; accept New History of the Tang or New Tang History; accept Xin Tangshu) |
| A dispute over a chess game prompted this leader to kill his rebellious brother-in- law, Ulf. This man, who was married to Aelfgifu [[elf-GEE-fooh]], won the Battle of Assandun against Edmund Ironside. This king married Aethelred the Unready's widow, Emma of Normandy, with whom he fathered Harold Harefoot. Sweyn [[SVAYN]] Forkbeard was the father of, for the point, what king who ruled Denmark and England from 1018 to 1035 and was called "the Great"? | Cnut the Great (or Canute the Great) |
| Edward Cornwallis oversaw the development of this city in the same year that its Citadel Hill was erected. Fort Needham Memorial Park hosts yearly commemorations of an event in this city that wiped out the community of the Mi'kmaq. This city, from which 1,300 Acadians were deported to Boston, was the setting of the largest explosion before nuclear weapons. The SS Imo and SS Mont-Blanc collided in "The Narrows" in the harbor of, for the point, what Canadian city, the capital of Nova Scotia? | Halifax (accept Halifax Explosion) |
| After this government’s fall, loyalists fought in the Boshin War, before this government’s last sympathizers were defeated at the Battle of Hakodate [[hah-koh-DAH- teh]]. This government began to fall during the Bakumatsu period and was replaced following the Meiji Restoration in 1868. This government was established immediately after the Battle of Sekigahara and the collapse of the Ashikaga shogunate. Ruling during the Edo Period of Japan, for the point, what was this feudal military government, named after the shogun who established it? | Tokugawa Shogunate (accept Edo Shogunate before "Shogun" is mentioned; accept Tokugawa Ieyasu after "named after" is mentioned) |
| This man was the runner up to Gary Johnson in the 2016 Libertarian primaries, and the posting of the letter "Q" to this man's Instagram minutes after his death generated a slew of conspiracy theories. Belizean Prime Minister Dean Barrow called this man "extremely paranoid" for refusing to cooperate with Gregory Faull's murder investigation, and this man committed suicide in a Spanish jail after a court authorized his extradition to the U.S. For the point, name this British-American businessman who created the first commercial anti-virus software. | John McAfee (or John David McAfee; accept McAfee Anti-Virus) |
| This political party was established in 1955, and for forty years, it primarily opposed its country's Socialist Party before losing power in 1993. This party regained power in 1996 before losing it in 2009 to Yukio Hatoyama's DPJ. This party, whose members include followers of the revisionist Nippon Kaigi, was formed when the Japan Democratic Party merged with its main rival. Despite this party's name, it is its country’s main conservative party. For the point, name this dominant party of Japan. | Liberal Democratic Party (or LDP; accept Jiyu-Minshuto; accept Jiminto) |
| This movement was opposed in a novel that caricatured social activist Vasily Sleptsov, No Way Out. This movement was called the "symbol of struggle against all forms of tyranny, hypocrisy, and artificiality" by anarchist Peter Kropotkin. Authorities from the Russian Orthodox Church clashed with members of this ideology, which was helped by Bazarov in Fathers and Sons. Many Russian revolutionaries were part of, for the point, what movement, whose practitioners believed that life has no purpose? | Russian Nihilism (or Nihilists) |
| While Henry Tizard was developing radio countermeasures for this organization, Lord Cherwell undermined his work. John "Cat's Eyes" Cunningham worked for this organization, whose leader, Hugh Dowding, opposed Douglas Bader and Trafford Leigh- Mallory's support for the Big Wing tactic. This organization, which once operated the Avro Aldershot and the Sopwith Camel, conducted over 9,000 sorties from July to October of 1940. For the point, name this organization which defended against the Luftwaffe during the Battle of Britain. | British Royal Air Force (accept RAF; prompt on "British Air Force" and similar answers) |
| This culture's Kingdom of Q'umarkaj had high priests for deities like Tohil and Awilix. The remains of five children found at this culture's site of Lamanai revealed that they performed child sacrifices. This culture, whose religious centers were led by chilam priests, used cenotes as sites of human sacrifice. This culture believed that caves were entrances to a six-housed underworld ruled by lords including Xibalba [[shee-BAHL-bah]]. For the point, name this Mesoamerican culture whose religious rituals are collected in texts like the Popul Vuh [[POH-pul VOO]]. | Mayans (accept K’iche’ Maya) |
| In 2006, this country's military carried out its first coup in fifteen years after the controversial 2005 re-election of Thaksin Shinawatra. After 40 students died in this country's 6 October 1976 massacre, Thanin Kraivichien [[TAH-neen krai-VEE-shee-en]] became prime minister with a royal blessing. In 2019, Prayut Chan-o-cha seized power in this country, installing himself as prime minister and Minister of Defense. For the point, name this country where lèse-majesté [[lehs-mah-zhes-TEH]] laws suppress criticism of the royal family, including King Rama X [[the Tenth]]. | Kingdom of Thailand (or Ratcha-anachak Thai; or Prathet Thai; accept Siam) |
| This man was tutored by Fronto, to whom he wrote love letters despite being married to his sister, Faustina. Avidius Cassius declared himself emperor after hearing about the poor health of this man, who fought defeated Germanic and Sarmatian tribes during the Marcomannic Wars. This emperor ruled alongside his brother, Lucius Verus, and his son, Commodus. For the point, name this man, the last of the Five Good Emperors of the Pax Romana. | Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (accept either underlined portion) |
| In 2006, pro-democratic rioting in this country ended with King George Tupou V relinquishing much of his power. Apart from whaling vessels, Dutch explorers like Jacob Le Maire and Abel Tasman were among the first Westerners to visit this country. This country's small town of Mu'a once served as the capital of an empire ruled by a man named Momo, who married into a rival dynasty of Samoa. For the point, name this Polynesian kingdom now governed from Nukuʻalofa. | Kingdom of Tonga (or Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga) |
| A holder of this position captured Edward Mortimer by Pilleth but then allied with him and Henry Percy in the Tripartite Indenture. The last native holder of this position married the daughter of Simon de Montfort and was killed at the Battle of Orewin Bridge by the invading forces of Edward I. This position was held by Edward of Woodstock and Owen Glendower. For the point, name this position, the title of which indicates leadership over a U.K. constituent governed from Cardiff. | Prince of Wales |
| The central figure in this event cited its motivation as an effort to distance himself from a Kentucky Republican who served as ambassador to Russia. Done after its central figure had strengthened his ties with Malcolm X and converted to the Nation of Islam, this event involved the renunciation of "slave" varieties of one concept and the adoption of another meaning "beloved of God" in Arabic. Prior to this event, the central figure won a 1964 Olympic medal and a heavyweight boxing title while known as Cassius Clay. For the point, name this event in which a boxer changed how he was addressed. | Muhammad Ali changing his name from Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. (accept answers like Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. changing his name prior to "Clay" being mentioned; accept Muhammad Ali changing his name from Cassius X; accept clear knowledge equivalents) |
| In an opera set in and around this city, a ghost ineffectually stabs a playright's ghost after the latter seduces the former's wife, who is haunted by her execution. In another opera set in this city, Andrea Chénier [[sheh-NYEH]] sings the aria "Un di all'azzuro spazio" [[oon- dee-ahl-ah-ZOO-roh-SPAH-tsee-oh]] to lambast the poverty of the people and the upheaval that is brewing. Another opera set in this city depicts Sister Blanche joining a procession of Carmelite nuns going to the scaffold. For the point, name this city where clergy and royalty were aggressively guillotined. | Paris |
| A prominent guitarist from this country was the son of a supporter of the Boy Scouts who thus named him Baden Powell. Zé Keti was an activist singer in this country where a 1960s music movement that protested its military dictatorship came to be known as Tropicalia. Antônio Carlos Jobim [[zhoh-BEEM]] wrote the melody of a song set in this country that was once recorded by Stan Getz. "The Girl from Ipanema" is set in this country where bossa nova music grew out of samba. For the point, name this country containing large Carnival celebrations in Rio de Janeiro. | Federative Republic of Brazil (accept República Federativa do Brasil) |
| This state was home to Maxwell Field, which served as an early location of instruction for Wright Company aircraft. The United States Army Aviation and Missile Command is found in this state where, during the Korean War, the Ordnance Guided Missile Center developed the Redstone Rocket. The George C. Marshall Space Flight Center can be found in this state's city of Huntsville. For the point, name this state, containing an Air Force Base in Montgomery. | Alabama (accept AL) |
| This person launched the Hold Still photography project during the COVID-19 pandemic and received 10,000 pounds and an apology from Rex Features for a 2009 invasion of privacy claim. This woman launched the "Heads Together" campaign to raise public awareness for mental health and met her husband while studying at the University of St. Andrews. For the point, name this wife of Prince William and mother of Prince George. | Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge (or Catherine Elizabeth Middleton; accept Princess Catherine; accept Kate in place of "Catherine") |
| This holiday's English name comes from an Anglo-Saxon goddess who was connected to hares and the Norse goddess Freyja. In Catholic and Orthodox churches, this holiday's vigil involves lighting candles inscribed with the letters, alpha and omega. The Council of Nicaea disconnected this holiday's date from Passover. This holiday is preceded by Holy Week, which includes Maundy Thursday and Good Friday. For the point, name this Christian holiday celebrating the resurrection of Jesus. | Easter Sunday (accept Paschal Sunday) |
| In 1945, a namesake “Redevelopment Land Agency” was created in this city to clear its slums. New York businessman William Zeckendorf was a key figure in the renovation of the Southwest area of this city, which earlier in the 20th century was affected by the City Beautiful ideology in its development of the McMillan Plan. The location of Union Station was decided upon in the aforementioned plan for this city, as were those of Lafayette Square and the National Mall. For the point, the Lincoln Memorial was built in what American capital? | Washington, D.C. (accept either underlined portion; accept District of Columbia) |
| One member of this organization was in the middle of producing the film Knights of the City when he was arrested in Operation Tiger Tail. In 1930, Gaetano Reina was murdered by another member of this organization who founded the Commission a year later. Eleven men from this organization were indicted in a 1985 operation during which Rudy Giuliani took advantage of the RICO Act. The Cosa Nostra is the Sicilian predecessor to, for the point, what organized crime racket predominantly led by Italian-Americans? | American Mafia (accept the Mob; accept Cosa Nostra before mentioned) |