| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| One leader of this city was tasked with leading an army against Roberto Sanseverino on behalf of the Duke of Ferrara. That leader of this city wears red in a Pierro della Francesca portrait in profile. Federico da Montefeltro led this city, which provided the setting for Baldassare (+) Castiglione’s Book of the Courtier. A non- Venetian Palazzo Ducale is a well-known site in this city, which was the setting of a 16th century painting depicting a nude (*) woman. For the points, Titian painted a Venus of [what Italian city]? | Urbino (accept Venus of Urbino) |
| This thinker used Kondratiev waves to explain why wars begin. This man, who headed the Fernand Braudel Center, drew from Ilya Prigogine [[prig-OH-zheen]] to posit that "quasi-monopolies" are the only possible structure under which capitalist accumulation occurs. This (+) sociologist rejected the notion of a "Third World" in describing a system of transnational division of labor in which countries like the U.S. are world hegemons. The idea of core, semi-periphery, and periphery countries (*) was posited by, for the points, what sociologist who developed world systems theory? | Immanuel Wallerstein (or Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein) |
| This man is the first figure cited in Juvenal's tenth satire as an example of the hollowness of power. At Spelunca, this man saved his co-consul from a rockfall. This man seduced Livilla and poisoned her husband, Drusus, entrenching himself as deputy for a ruler who was kept (+) in retirement on Capri. After Macro succeeded him as praetorian prefect, this man was executed and thrown down the Gemonian stairs. Best remembered for his sudden (*) fall from power, for the points, who was this ally and friend of Emperor Tiberius? | Sejanus (or Lucius Aelius Seianus) |
| Seeking a veto of this piece of legislation, over a thousand economists, including Paul Douglas and Irving Fisher, petitioned the president. As chairmen of the Senate Finance and House Ways and Means Committees, this act's namesake sponsors (+) designed it to help fulfill a presidential promise to beleaguered farmers. Canada's trade ties to Britain grew in the aftermath of this act's passage under the (*) Hoover administration. For the points, name this 1930 law which established protectionist trade policies in the U.S to counteract the Great Depression. | Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act (accept Hawley-Smoot Tariff; accept Tariff Act of 1930 and variations before "1930" is mentioned) |
| Sir Kingsley Wood said that this document's stated goals required an "impracticable financial commitment." Written by an economist of the Liberal Party, this document opposed "means-tested" benefits, instead favoring flat rate financial contributions for flat rate benefits. (+) National Insurance grew after the publication of this document, which sought to address five obstacles to British post-World War Two reconstruction. Justifying the creation of the National (*) Health Service, for the points, what is this document? | Beveridge Report (accept Social Insurance and Allied Services; accept Command Paper 6404) |
| In this year, riots broke out in Dushanbe due to local outrage at the resettlement of Armenians amid the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. Armenia and Lithuania had their first free elections since before World War Two in this year. Namibia separated from South Africa in this year, (+) which also featured Brandenburg, Thuringia, and other states joining the Federal Republic of Germany. Nelson Mandela was released from prison, and Margaret (*) Thatcher resigned as prime minister in, for the points, what year? | |
| In 2015, this museum disputed claims that one of its paintings had been stolen by the wife of Otto Wächter, an SS official serving in Poland. That painting from this museum is The Fight Between Carnival and Lent. The Cellini Salt Cellar was once stolen from this museum, which opened alongside a (+) Natural History Museum on the Ringstrasse within a public square called the Maria-Theresien-Platz. Opened at the behest of Franz Joseph I [[the First]], this museum includes numerous portraits of (*) Habsburg rulers. For the points, name this museum in Vienna. | Kunsthistorisches [[KOONST-hist-oh-RISH-ess]] Museum (be lenient on pronunciation; accept Museum of Art History or word forms; "Museum of Fine Arts," or similar answers) |
| This explorer included illustrations of the Ainu in their book Unbeaten Tracks in Japan. This explorer wrote about meeting James Nugent, or "Rocky Mountain Jim," during a trip to Colorado in A Lady's Life in the Rocky Mountains. This British (+) explorer founded the John Bishop Memorial hospital in Srinagar with Fanny Jane Butler. Travels throughout India and Persia led this explorer to become the first woman elected Fellow of the Royal (*) Geographical Society. For the points, name this 19th-century British explorer of South and East Asia. | Isabella Bird (or Isabella Lucy Bird; or Isabella Lucy Bishop) |
| Mobutu Sese-Seko seized this leader's remains and placed them in a mausoleum in Gbalite after his corpse was discovered in the freezer of an army barracks. Tanzania hosted the Arusha Accords, which led to this man becoming interim president of his nation while allowing Paul (+) Kagame's "Patriotic Front" to participate in the new government. Along with that of Burundi president Cyprien Ntaryamira [[nah-TAR-yah-MIH-rah]], the death of, (*) for the points, what African leader sparked the anti-Tutsi Rwandan Genocide? | Juvénal Habyarimana (be lenient on pronunciation) |
| This man was appointed head of the Commonwealth Relations Office in 1952, but he only stayed there for five months. Nicknamed "Pug" for his appearance, this man presented the Indian partition plan to the British government while serving as Chief of Staff to Lord Mountbatten (+) of Burma. Sir Oliver Franks declined the position for which this man is best known, which this man passed to former Belgian prime minister Paul-Henri Spaak in 1957. Winston Churchill's chief military (*) assistant during World War Two, for the points, which politician served as the first NATO Secretary General? | Hastings Ismay (or Hastings Lionel Ismay; or 1st Baron Ismay; or Lord Ismay) |
| One man used this concept as justification to proclaim himself Comandante of the Carnaro and Duce [[DOO-cheh]] of Fiume [[fee-YOO-meh]. Proponents of this concept believe Dalmatia should have been annexed as agreed upon in the 1915 Treaty of London. (+) This irredentist concept, which parallels the German "stab-in- the-back" myth, provoked Italy to occupy Albania in 1939. With a name coined by Gabriele D’Annunzio to describe Italian (*) dissatisfaction with the territorial rewards distributed at the end of World War One, for the points, what is this concept central to Italian fascist claims to foreign territory? | Mutilated victory (accept Vittoria mutilate; prompt on descriptive answer) |
| During this war, captured guerrillas were executed within 24 hours under the imperial "Black Decree." Juan Almonte, Archbishop Labastida, and Jose Mariano Salas were nominated by this war's aggressor to lead a Junta and form a new constitutional monarchy. In 1861, (+) Benito Juárez placed a moratorium on foreign debt payments, leading to the Convention of London and this war. Ending with the execution (*) of Maximilian von Habsburg, for the points, what is this war of the 1860s? | Second French intervention in Mexico (accept Second French Invasion of Mexico; accept Second Franco-Mexican War; accept variant descriptions; prompt on partial answers) |
| The civil war of these people began when Woyanqudi [[WOH-YAHN-CHOO- DEE]], the 12th Chanyu's grandson, claimed the throne. Sima Qian [[CHEE-AHN]] composed an early exposition about this people, alleging them to be descendants of Chunwei and Yu the Great. (+) The western migration of the Yuezhi [[YOO-EH-ZHEE]] led to this people becoming the pre-eminent power of the steppes of East Asia. Fighting a two-century war against the (*) Han Dynasty, for the points, what is this tribal confederation centered on the Mongolia Plateau, sometimes believed to be ancestors of the Huns? | Xiongnu [[SHEE-AHNG-NOO]] (be lenient on pronunciation; prompt on “Hun (s)”) |
| This party was preceded by the New Party, which was created to popularize electoral fusion. Sometimes called the "Tea Party of the Left," this political party, which endorsed Elizabeth Warren's 2020 Presidential campaign, withdrew support for Joe Crowley (+) in New York's 14th congressional district after his 2018 primary loss to Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez. (*) For the points, name this minor U.S. political party known for cross-endorsing progressive Democrats and some Republican candidates. | Working Families Party (or WFP) |
| Two of these structures labeled as S3503 and S3504 were built under the reign of Djet in Saqqara, where another of these structures belonging to Hesy-Re contains multiple reliefs on Lebanese cedar panels. One of these structures, which belonged to Kaninisut, is now on display (+) in Vienna and, along with one of these structures built for Seshemnefer, was originally located in the Giza necropolis. With a name translating as "house of stability, (*) for the points, what are these ancient Egyptian structures whose form eventually evolved into step pyramids? | Mastabas (or Mastabats; prompt on less-specific answers like "tomb"; do not accept or prompt on “Pyramids”) |
| In this film, based on a novel by Giles Foden, Junju gives the protagonist a jacket to disguise himself among hostages and escape. This film won 2007 BAFTA Awards for Best British Film and Best Adapted Screenplay but was not nominated for an Oscar as a film. Dr. Nicholas Garrigan (+) is played by James McAvoy in this film, whose climax involves an incident at Entebbe Airport. Featuring an Oscar-winning performance from Forest Whitaker, (*) for the points, what is this film in which Milton Obote is overthrown by Idi Amin, titled after Amin's claim to be the final monarch of a certain constituent country? | The Last King of Scotland |
| Anno II [[the Second]] of Cologne lured this man onto a boat and kidnapped him in the Coup of Kaiserswerth, curbing the influence of his mother, Agnes. This man received his highest title from Antipope Clement III [[the Third]]. Otto of Nordheim and Rudolf of Rheinfelden (+) opposed this man in the Saxon Rebellion. This enemy of Matilda of Tuscany was excommunicated by Gregory VII [[the Seventh]] but was absolved after spending three days and nights barefoot and in sackcloth as penance. (*) For the points, name this Holy Roman Emperor known for his Walk to Canossa. | Henry IV [[the Fourth]] (or Heinrich IV) |
| This governing regime loaned forces to Napper Tandy and Wolfe Tone in an unsuccessful attempt to liberate their country in the United Irish Risings. This regime’s ascension occurred in a month that became synonymous with reaction against political radicalism. (+) Three of this regime’s diplomats came to be known by letters of the alphabet. This regime's five-man body was replaced by a three-man consulate followed by a (*) monarchy. For the points, name this governing regime, overthrown in the Coup of 18 Brumaire. | The Directory of France (accept The Directorate; accept Le Directoire; prompt on “France” or “Republican France” or “Revolutionary France”) |
| Officers captured by Nazis during World War Two were sent to this city's Oflag X-C. What historians often consider the earliest substantial RAF bombing of a German city was a 1942 attack on this city. A ship known as the Eagle of [this city] fought in the Northern Seven Years' (+) War during the 1560s. An organization based in this free city fought against a group of pirates known as the Victual (*) Brothers. For the points, name this Free City which served as the headquarters of the Hanseatic League. | Hanseatic City of Lübeck (accept Hansestadt Lübeck; accept Eagle of Lübeck; accept Adler von Lübeck) |
| The title character of a work by this artist looks toward the top right of the canvas as he strums a guitar. At Sans Souci, Frederick the Great displayed this man’s painting Declaration of Love, a depiction of a set of paintings of a king being boxed up. The genre of (+) fête galante was created to describe the works of this artist, best known for a work in which cherubs surround a group of lovers who take part in a pilgrimage to the birthplace of Venus. (*) For the points, name this Rococo artist of Embarkation for Cythera. | Antoine Watteau (or Jean-Antoine Watteau) |
| One country's oldest piano was introduced to this island, which is now contained in the city of Hagi. A Naval Training Center was established on this island at the beginning of the Bakumatsu. A body of knowledge called rangaku developed on this island, which became a trading post (+) after the expulsion of the Jesuits. Westerners often traded during sakoku on this island, where many Dutch settled before the Treaty of Kanagawa. (*) For the points, name this former Japanese artificial island just off Nagasaki. | Dejima (accept Tsukishima; accept Dejima Dutch Trading Post) |
| Alan Blinder laid out the idea for this program as well as its nickname in a 2008 op-ed in The New York Times. This program required retailers to report VINs of certain items to prevent fraud and illegal reselling. This program cost around $3 billion, and, according to the Department of (+) Transportation, the Toyota Corolla was the top-selling car during this program's duration. Giving incentives to motorists (*) to trade in their vehicles for more fuel-efficient models, for the points, what was this 2009 U.S. government program? | Car Allowance Rebate System (or CARS; accept Cash for Clunkers) |
| Amir Jamal served as Minister of Finance under this man, whose vice presidents included Aboud Jumbe and Ali Hassan Mwinyi. After a party merger in 1977, this man became the leader of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi. Uganda bombed the Kagera Saw Mill in 1971 in (+) response to this man's support for Milton Obote. This leader promoted the socialist ideology of Ujamaa and built a close relationship between his country and China. Leading Tanganyika's formal (*) unification with Zanzibar, for the points, who is this man who served as the first president of Tanzania? | Julius Nyerere (or Julius Kambarage Nyerere) |
| After a sale in 1980, this work was briefly owned by and named after the oil magnate Armand Hammer. One theory presented in this work is considered a precursor to plate tectonics and attempts to explain the existence of sea fossils on mountains. A screensaver and (+) desktop wallpaper of this work were added to Windows 95 after this work was purchased by Bill Gates for over $30 million. A 1510 collection of scientific writings named for an (*) English earl, for the points, what is this manuscript by Leonardo da Vinci? | Codex Leicester (prompt on partial answers; prompt on "Codex Hammer") |
| During the Battle of Surigao Strait, this tactic was employed for the last time in history by several battleships under the command of Jesse B. Oldendorf. At the Battle of Jutland, Admiral Jellico pulled off this (+) tactic twice, though the German ships managed to escape due to low visibility. Admiral Nelson survived and then reversed this maneuver in defeating the Allied French-Spanish fleet at Trafalgar. (*) For the points, identify this advantageous naval battle maneuver in which ships move perpendicularly against a line of enemy ships to “complete” the namesake letter. | Crossing the T (accept descriptions like “Having your T Crossed”) |
| This person came to power after their domain was sacked by Kaan, and Alberto Ruz Lhuillier [[loo-eel-YEH]] led the excavations of this person's tomb. This person married a member of the Toktahn Dynasty of Tortuguero, and this person's mother, Lady Sak Kʼuk, (+) ruled as regent before this monarch ascended the throne. Pseudo-archaeologists and ancient astronaut theorists claim that this ruler's sarcophagus lid depicts a spaceship’s pilot seat. Laid to rest in the Temple of the Inscriptions in (*) Palenque, for the points, who was this Mayan ruler? | Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal (or Pacal the Great; or 8 Ahau; or Sun Shield) |
| The Conference of Ambassadors set terms to resolve the disputes surrounding this event, including a 50 million lire deposit and a funeral service attended by the Greek Cabinet. One Italian politician said this event's namesake location "had been Venetian for 400 years." (+) The League of Nations helped evacuate civilians during this event, which began with the killing of General Enrico Tellini. (*) For the points, name this crisis in which Benito Mussolini ordered the bombardment and occupation of an Ionian island. | Corfu incident (do not accept or prompt on "Corfu Channel Incident") |
| In 1985, this man debated Jerry Falwell on the morality of nuclear weapons at the Oxford Union. During this man’s tenure as New Zealand’s Minister of Education from 1987 to 1989, he introduced a radical restructuring of the national school system called (+) Tomorrow’s Schools. Serving in his highest office from 1984 to 1989, during which he passed legislation making New Zealand (*) a nuclear free zone, for the points, who was this prime minister from the Labour party? | David Lange (or David Russell Lange) |
| One person described this man as “the most formidable opponent” to “the countless evils that lurk in the dark corners of our civic institutions.” This man made use of magnesium powder to develop an effect in his works, which included pieces like “Bandit’s Roost” set on Mulberry Street. (+) Police Commissioner Teddy Roosevelt was a supporter of the work of this man, who may have inspired the passage of the Tenement House Act in New York. Often making use of flash (*) in dark alleyways, for the points, who was this photojournalist who authored How the Other Half Lives? | Jacob Riis (or Jacob August Riis) |
| Sir Raleigh Grey served as a commander during this event, in which 400 mounted police were meant to "restore order" and seize control over gold fields. Joseph Chamberlain ordered Sir Hercules Robinson to repudiate the actions of this event's namesake colonial administrator. (+) Cecil Rhodes planned an uprising of Uitlanders [[OOT-"landers"]] to coincide with this event, which was provoked by the closing of "drifts" across the river Vaal. The government of Paul Kruger (*) stopped, for the points, what event, led by Leander Starr Jameson, which served as a catalyst for the Second Boer War? | Jameson Raid (prompt on "Leander Starr Jameson") |
| In 1999, the Australian channel ABC released a documentary alleging that this non-government organization was involved in a massacre during the Mapenduma Hostage Crisis in Western New Guinea. The victor of the Sonderbund War and president of the Federal Office of Topography (+) was the first president of this organization. That man, Guillaume Henri Dufour, presided over the First Geneva Convention, which established this organization. (*) For the points, name this international humanitarian organization that promotes the protection of human life. | International Red Cross (accept Red Crescent) |
| Due to certain similarities between an indigenous religion and Christianity, Thomas the Apostle was theorized to be equivalent to this figure. The Mormons believe that this figure was, in fact, the resurrected (+) Jesus Christ, who crossed an ocean to evangelize before ascending to heaven. A long-standing myth claims that Moctezuma II believed that the arrival of Hernan Cortes was actually the return of this deity from his journey east. (*) For the points, name this Aztec “feathered serpent” who was, according to myth, directly involved with creating humanity. | Quetzalcoatl (be lenient on pronunciation) |
| When speaking of one group, the author of this poem notes, “Flesh of her flesh they were, spirit of her spirit.” Noting how “Death august and royal / Sings sorrow up into immortal spheres," the speaker of this work notes how “As the stars that are starry in the time of our darkness, / (+) To the end, to the end, they remain.” A group that “sleep beyond England's foam” was the subject of this poem, written after the Battle of Mons. Often recounted on Remembrance Day and published in The Times in 1914, (*) for the points, what is this World War One poem written by Laurence Binyon? | "For the Fallen" (accept "Ode of Remembrance" before “Remembrance” is mentioned and prompt after) |
| Public support shifted toward this politician after calling for accountability of those involved in the Santa Marta Massacre. The "Manifesto of Unirismo" was part of a socialist program created by this politician, who was named Minister of Education under Eduardo Santos. (+) This man likely would have been elected president if not for his assassination prior to Bogotazo. Juan Roa Sierra likely killed this man in the leadup to La Violencia. (*) For the points, name this Liberal Party leader from Colombia. | Jorge Eliécer Gaitán Ayala |
| Delta Force officer Thomas Greer claimed this battle's key objective failed partially due to NATO's refusal to use air-dropped GATOR mines. General Tommy Franks was criticized for preventing the deployment of 800 Army Rangers to a complex of caves during this battle. (+) This battle's outcome caused al-Qaeda forces to regroup in the Shaki-Kot mountains of Paktia Province. Involving allied forces in (*) December 2001, for the points, what is this battle in which allied forces tried and failed to capture Osama bin Laden? | Battle of Tora Bora |
| During this event, construction worker Fidel Lopez was protected by Reverend Bennie Newton after being robbed and assaulted. One year before this event, 15-year old Latasha Harlins was killed by Korean shopkeeper Soon Ja Du, whose minimal sentencing may have (+) contributed to the disproportionate damage done to the Koreatown neighborhood (*) during this event. For the points, name this 1992 event which began when a jury acquitted four police officers for beating Rodney King. | 1992 Los Angeles Riots (accept Rodney King Riots before "Rodney King" is mentioned; accept LA in place of Los Angeles; accept reasonable equivalents for Riot; accept Los Angeles Race Riots; prompt on partial answers) |