| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This politician first gained notoriety when he advocated for lenient sentences for Waffen-SS troops involved in the Malmedy Massacre. This man appointed Roy Cohn as his chief legal counsel while accusing government employees of homosexuality in the “Lavender Scare.” In a 1950 speech, this man claimed to have a list of 205 government officials with Communist sympathies. For the point, name this Republican senator and instigator of the Second Red Scare. | Joseph Raymond "Joe" McCarthy |
| This man led the Army of the Vosges [[VOHJ]], a volunteer force meant to save the nascent Third Republic of France. Earlier in his career, this man joined the Ragamuffins in their attempt to secede from Brazil. Victor Emmanuel II authorized this man to undertake the Expedition of the Thousand in order to take the Kingdom of Two Sicilies. For the point, name this “Hero of Two Worlds,” the main Italian general during the Risorgimento. | Giuseppe Garibaldi |
| This country's Fifth Brigade perpetrated the Gukurahundi [[goo-koo-rah-HOON- dee]] massacre of Northern Ndebele [[nn-duh-BEH-leh]] people. The ZANU party fought the Bush War in this modern-day country against Ian Smith's unrecognized government of Rhodesia. The leader of that party became this country's president for decades despite rampant hyperinflation in the early 2000s. For the point, what Southern African country was led for thirty-seven years by Robert Mugabe? | Republic of Zimbabwe |
| The tyrant Gelo II is the dedicatee of this man’s treatise, The Sand Reckoner, which includes a calculation of how many sand grains would fit in the universe. To protect the port of Syracuse, this man purportedly built a "heat ray" to burn attacking ships, and this man also developed a screw that could lift water out of ditches. For the point, name this Greek polymath whose namesake principle is used to calculate volume from displaced water. | Archimedes of Syracuse |
| To quell this revolt, the governor of Quebec promised to send Joseph Brant's Mohawk soldiers. Governor James Bowdoin signed the Riot Act and suspended habeas corpus during this event. This revolt, led by a Revolutionary War veteran, hoped to stockpile arms from the Springfield Armory and overthrow the government under the Articles of Confederation. For the point, name this 1786 rebellion in Massachusetts which inspired the Constitutional Convention. | Shays’ Rebellion |
| This man exiled the mulatto commander Jean-Louis Villatte for openly exhibiting racism against his black troops. Jean Baptiste Brunet [[broo-NEH]] arrested this leader under orders from Charles Leclerc, and deported him to the French Republic. A former ally of this man, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, played a major role in his arrest in the colony of Saint Domingue [[sahn doh-MAHNG]]. For the point, name this revolutionary hero of Haiti. | Toussaint Louverture (accept Toussaint L'Ouverture or Toussaint Breda) |
| This event coincided with the Red Guard of Finland overthrowing the White Senate during the Finnish Civil War. The Kadets, led by Alexander Kerensky, had succeeded in the February Revolution months before this one, and failed to hold the Winter Palace from the advancing forces of the Directorate. For the point, name this late-1917 Bolshevik uprising led by Vladimir Lenin. | October Revolution (accept Bolshevik Revolution before mentioned; accept synonyms for "Revolution" such as "Rebellion" or "Uprising"; prompt on the “Russian Revolution" before mentioned) |
| A teen in this family was kidnapped and brainwashed by members of the Symbionese Liberation Army in an effort to force the government to release their allies. Another member of this family had his life fictionalized in the Orson Welles film Citizen Kane. That businessman from this family competed with Joseph Pulitzer’s New York World during the Circulation Wars. For the point, give this name of heiress Patti and newspaper magnate William Randolph. | Hearst (accept Patti Hearst or William Randolph Hearst) |
| This leader, originally from Thrace, was trained in the Ludus of Lentulus Batiatus [[bah-tee-AH-toos]]. Later, this man incited a revolt with Crixus and Oenomaus [[oy-NOH- maus]], which culminated on the slopes of Mount Vesuvius. Pompey the Great defeated this former slave at Senerchia, crucifying his followers along the Appian Way. For the point, name this gladiator who led a revolt of the lower classes in the Third Servile War. | Spartacus (or Spartakos) |
| Future Supreme Court Justice Oliver Ellsworth taught this man law during the Revolutionary War. Alexander Hamilton gave this man a personal loan to move to New York to edit a pro-Federalist newspaper. This man standardized the use of Native American words in the U.S. like the Algonquin word Skunk and the Choctaw Bayou. For the point, name this author who standardized American English through his namesake dictionary. | Noah Webster, Jr. |
| This dynasty’s Emperor Jing crushed the Rebellion of the Seven States, allowing him to centralize the government around Chang'an. This dynasty’s scholars kept records of “Daqin” [[DAH-CHEEN]], or the Roman Empire, whose merchants they encountered via the Silk Road. The Yellow Turban Rebellion destabilized this dynasty, which had earlier succeeded the Qin [[CHIN]] Dynasty. For the point, what ancient dynasty names the majority ethnic group of China? | Han Dynasty (or Hanchao) |
| A prominent center for this game was the city of Cantona, which possessed twenty- four courts. A subset of this game called Batey developed in the Caribbean. This game’s mythological origins lie in two brothers annoying the gods of the underworld of Xibalba [[she-BAHL-bah]]. For the point, name this historical game, possibly invented by the Olmecs, which reached its peak popularity during the Classical Maya period. | Mesoamerican Ball Game (accept Mayan Ball Game) |
| This man was exiled for caning William Stanbery after Stanbery accused him of bribing Andrew Jackson. In 1860, this politician lost the presidential nomination for the Constitutional Union Party to John Bell. This man defeated Stephen F. Austin in an 1836 presidential election in one future U.S. state. For the point, name this first president of the Lone Star Republic, the namesake of the most populous city in Texas. | Samuel "Sam" Houston |
| A poem by this man popularized the legend of the Ukrainian Ivan Mazepa, who deserted the Russian Army for Sweden. Later on, this writer developed sepsis during the siege of Lepanto. This poet’s Hebrew Melodies, which he claimed dated back to the building of the Temple of Jerusalem, contains the work “She Walks in Beauty.” For the point, name this father of Ada Lovelace and author of Don Juan [[JOO-ahn]] who died from fever while fighting in the Greek War of Independence. | Lord Byron (or George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron) |
| This country suffered the failed Gestok coup, and its first leader attempted to blend nationalism, religion, and communism into "Guided Democracy." That leader of this country, Sukarno, was succeeded by a long-time dictator who invaded and occupied East Timor, Suharto. This country achieved independence from the Netherlands, which had once governed from Batavia. For the point, name this island nation, the largest Muslim-majority country on Earth. | Republic of Indonesia (or Republik Indonesia) |
| Jehuda Cresques [[yeh-HOO-dah KRESK]], a Majorcan [[mah-YOHR-kun]] converso, managed this man’s observatory in Sagres [[SAH-grehs]]. This man deployed Gil Eannes from Algarve to cross the once impassable Cape Bojador [[BOH-hah-dohr]]. This man convinced his father, João [[JOE-ow]] of Aviz, to conquer Ceuta [[SYOO-tuh]] in order to connect to the Saharan trade network. For the point, name this Portuguese patron of exploration, a 15th century prince. | Prince Henry the Navigator (accept Henrique the Navigator or Infante Dom Henrique, o Navegador ) |
| Depicting this disaster, sculptor Karl Goetz [[GETZ]] minted satirical medals with the motto “No Contraband." This wartime disaster off the coast of Ireland occurred during the first period of unrestricted submarine warfare. The death of 128 Americans in this disaster led to the American public turning against the German war effort and supporting entry into World War One. For the point, name this event, the sinking of a British ocean liner by German U-boats. | Sinking of the RMS Lusitania |
| This painting followed the creation of La Disputa and Parnassus, and depicts Heraclitus in the classic “Thinker” pose. This artwork used the likeness of Italian architect Bramante to represent the mathematician Euclid. Found in the Apostolic Palace, this piece depicts Diogenes [[dai-AH-jeh-nees]] reclining on the steps below two Socratic philosophers mid-debate. For the point, name this Raphael fresco depicting Greek and Near-East philosophers including Plato and Aristotle. | The School of Athens (or Scuola di Atene) |
| This sect's so-called “Napoleon of Temperance,” Neal Dow, served as mayor of Portland, Maine, in the 1850s. This religious sect, which emphasizes the “Inner Light,” allowed women to minister as early as the 17th century. Charles II owed a debt to William Penn, allowing the creation of a safe haven for these people in the New World. For the point, name this sect of Christianity, founded by George Fox and known for their pacifism and abolitionism. | Quakers (accept Society of Friends; prompt on Christianity) |
| A merchant named Skipper Clement incited peasants in Vendsyssel [vend-SEE-sehl]] in this kingdom during the Count’s Feud. Margaret I of this kingdom married Haakon VI, forming the Kalmar Union with its neighbor. That union gave this kingdom control of the Faroe Islands and Iceland, alongside its colonies in St. Thomas, St. John, and Greenland. For the point, name this Scandinavian kingdom which as been ruled by many kings named Christian. | Kingdom of Denmark (or Kongeriget Danmark) |
| Flemming v. Nestor noted that recipients of this program do not have a contractual right to benefits. Frances Perkins was asked by Senator Thomas Gore if this program is “a teeny-weeny bit of socialism?” This Depression-era program has been called the government's “third rail” for being politically impossible to cut back or challenge. For the point, name this government program which gives money to people after they retire. | Social Security (accept Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance or OASDI) |
| This region’s namesake khanate, led by Kuchum Khan, collapsed after the Battle of Chuvash Cape. Tremors across the world were felt when a massive explosion occurred in this region, known as the Tunguska event. Alexander Solzhenitzyn [[sohl-zhuh-NEET-sin]] wrote an account of his time in a prison camp in this region, The Gulag Archipelago. For the point, name this vast, sparse region east of the Ural Mountains in Russia. | Siberia (accept Sibir Khanate) |
| The first major battle of this campaign occurred at Griswoldville, when a detachment of Joseph Wheeler’s cavalry engaged the forces of Charles Walcutt. This “Scorched Earth” campaign, led by a Union general, included the use of the leader’s namesake “neck ties” to destroy the South’s railway infrastructure. For the point, name this military campaign by a namesake general and friend of Ulysses Grant from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia. | William Tecumseh Sherman’s March to the Sea (accept Savannah Campaign before mentioned) |
| During this campaign, the Dowding System was developed to quickly relay information from radar to ground forces. This battle was deemed essential for the future success of Operation Sea Lion. Failure to succeed in this battle led one side to commit exclusively to nighttime attacks, known as "The Blitz." For the point, name this campaign for air superiority by the Luftwaffe [[LOOFT-vah-fuh]] over the namesake island. | Battle of Britain (or Die Luftschlacht um England; prompt on "The Blitz" before mentioned) |
| This lawyer's first major case was defending four Black men who were coerced into a criminal confession by Broward County sheriffs. This lawyer, who served as Chief Counsel for the NAACP, successfully argued in front of the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education. This Lyndon B. Johnson-appointed judge later had his seat passed to textualist conservative Clarence Thomas. For the point, name this first African-American Justice on the Supreme Court. | Thurgood Marshall |
| Scottish noblewoman Frances Erskine Inglis wrote a travelogue about her visit to this man’s estate following his rise after the Pastry War. This man was deposed from the presidency due to his poor negotiations for the Gadsden Purchase. This leader, who held a state funeral for his amputated leg, successfully captured the Alamo from rebelling Texans. For the point, name this nineteenth century caudillo [[kaw-DEE-yoh]] who lost the Mexican- American War. | Antonio López de Santa Anna |
| Nelson Miles used Ft. Huachuca [[hwah-CHOO-kah]] in this state as his base while trying to capture Geronimo. A super-dreadnought with this name had its magazine hit by Japanese Zeros during the Pearl Harbor attacks, killing over a thousand servicemen. Father Kino worked in the southern part of this state, which was added to it in the 1853 Gadsden Purchase. For the point, name this Southwestern state, the 48th admitted to the Union. | Arizona (accept USS Arizona) |
| Agents of this man killed his half-brother with a nerve agent in Kuala Lumpur Airport while he was traveling abroad. This man’s regime tortured American student Otto Warmbier after he was accused of stealing a propaganda poster. With Moon Jae-In, this leader signed the Panmunjom Declaration with the intention of formally ending the Korean War. "Assuming his highest office in 2011, for the point, who is this Supreme Leader of North Korea?" | Kim Jong-Un |
| This event began near a Customs House after Edward Garrick, a local wigmaker’s assistant, called out a soldier for failing to pay his debt. Josiah Quincy II and John Adams defended the commander of one side of this event, Thomas Preston, arguing that his men had committed manslaughter. This event's first casualty was a Black longshoreman named Crispus Attucks. For the point, name this killing of colonial agitators in the capital of the Province of Massachusetts Bay. | Boston Massacre |
| Originally built during the Hundred Years' War, this structure was fought over during a major battle of the Fronde rebellion. Thomas Jefferson donated 60 francs to the widow of men who died in a skirmish at this site. The dismissal of liberal Jacques Necker by Louis XVI led to the Third Estate taking control of this prison. For the point, name this French political prison stormed by revolutionaries in 1789. | Bastille Saint-Antoine |
| In this year, SpaceX successfully launched the first private rocket carrier into orbit. Finnish diplomat Martti Ahtisaari earned a Nobel Peace Prize in this year for his negotiations concerning independent Kosovo. The Great Recession, caused by the financial crisis of the previous year, led to George Bush bailing out national banks in this year. For the point, name this 21st century year in which Barack Obama defeated John McCain in a national election. | |
| Michelangelo designed one of these buildings in the Mannerist style for Pope Clement VII, named the Laurentian. The Mixing Chamber is part of a Rem Koolhaas design for one of these buildings in Seattle. Patience and Fortitude, the names of two lion sculptures, flank the staircase into a public building of this kind on Fifth Avenue in New York City. Reading rooms are often part of, for the point, what buildings which house collections of books? | Library |