| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This province's Linpan settlements are supported by the ancient Dujiangyan irrigation systems, and this province's namesake golden hair monkey lives in the Huanglong area, known for its collections of colorful travertine pools. The Faber's Fir is endemic to this province, growing on the slopes of mountains such as Mount Gongga, the world's easternmost peak over 7,000 meters tall, as well as Mount Emei, a sacred Buddhist site known for its massive statue of (+) Pǔxián [[POO-SHEE-AHN]]. This province's crystal clear Five Flower Lake is part of the Jiuzhaigou [[JYOO-ZHAI- GOW]] Reserve. This province, home to dishes such as mapo tofu and Kung Pao chicken, was the most-populous of its country until Chongqing separated from it, and this province contains most of the world's (*) wild giant pandas. For the points, name this Chinese province known for its spicy cuisine and governed from Chengdu. | Sichuan (or Szechuan; or Szechwan; accept Sichuan golden hair monkey; accept Sichuan snub-nosed monkey) |
| This city's airport contains a Raymond Kaskey-created statue of this city's namesake whose odd pose has been described as a "stationary weathervane." This city contained the temporary Camp Greene during World War One, and the Little Sugar Creek Greenway passes through this city whose SouthPark neighborhood contains its state's largest shopping mall. One museum in this city contains the Airbus A320 that was landed by Chelsea "Sully" Sullenberger (+) in the "Miracle on the Hudson," and other tourist sites in this city include the NASCAR Hall of Fame and the Billy Graham Library. This city contains the Levine Museum of the New South as well as the headquarters of Truist Financial and (*) Bank of America, the latter of which is the tallest building in this city. For the points, name this seat of Mecklenburg County, the most- populous city in North Carolina. | Charlotte (accept Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz) |
| This city's Yellow Bastion is at the entrance of its Walled City of Vratnik, and artifacts from the Neolithic Butmir culture have been found in this city's suburb of Ilidža [[ee-LEED-zhah]]. This city is sometimes called the "Jerusalem of Europe," and St. Louis, Missouri contains a replica of this city's wooden Sebilj [[seb-EE]] fountain, which lies in its Pigeon Square. This city houses one of the oldest surviving illuminated Sephardic Haggadahs, (+) which was smuggled out of this city in World War Two to prevent its destruction by the Nazis. This city's Avaz Twist Tower is the tallest in the former Yugoslavia, and this city contains the Ali Pasha Mosque and the Latin (*) Bridge, which crosses its Miljacka River. For the points, name this Balkan capital, known for hosting the 1984 Winter Olympics and for being the location of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. | Sarajevo |
| This country was the location of a 2008 coup d’état that replaced Ould Abdallahi as president with Mohamed Aziz, and this country's natural features include the Adrar Plateau. Roughly 40 percent of this country's population are members of the Haratin ethnic group, and this country has been criticized by human rights groups for its practice of leblouh [[luh-BLOO]] in which young girls and women are often force fed over 14,000 calories a day. (+) This country's ouguiya currency is subdivided into five khoums, making it and the Malagasy ariary the only national currencies whose units are not based on a power of ten. This country contains the medieval trading and educational center of Chinguetti, as well as the Richat Structure, (*) which is also known as the "Eye of the Sahara." For the points, name this sparsely populated costal nation, the last one to officially ban slavery. | Islamic Republic of Mauritania (or Al Jumhuriyah al Islamiyah al Muritaniyah) |
| A potential language isolate known as Jiamao originates from the southern portion of this island and is grouped by some linguists with the Kra–Dai languages. Due to various instances of flooding, this island's Nandu River had flood walls built along its banks, while that river empties into the second-largest reservoir in its nation, the Songtao. (+) Partly built to resemble set pieces from the film Back to 1942, this island hosts a tourist site known as "Movie Town" which includes the Avenue of the Stars and actual working studios owned by the Huayi Brothers. A statue of the bodhisattva Guanyin is situated above a temple in Lanshan, which is situated near a resort city on this island called Sanya. The regional capital of Haikou (*) is situated on the northern end of, for the points, what island separated from mainland China by the Qiongzhou [[CHEE-OHNG-ZHOH]] Strait? | Hainan |
| This community's left-wing publication called The Forward went online in 2019. The largest concentration of Bukharians in the world are part of this community and have settled in residential neighborhoods like Rego Park and Briarwood. Egyptian members of this community, who speak Ladino, settled in the Bensonhurst neighborhood, and the first members of this community were refugees from Recife, (+) which had recently been reconquered by the Portuguese. Devout members of this community have given neighborhoods like Borough Park and Williamsburg the highest birth rates in this neighborhood's city. The Mount Sinai (*) hospital system was established for this community, which helped popularize dishes including gefilte fish and bagels. For the points, name this community, which has established synagogues in boroughs such as the Bronx, Brooklyn, and Manhattan. | Jewish Community of New York City (accept Jews or Yehudim in place of Jewish; accept NYC in place of New York City; accept clear-knowledge equivalents) |
| This building is adjacent to the headquarters of IRCAM and the Stravinsky Fountain, and this building was partly inspired by Cedric Price's never-built Fun Palace. Prior to this building's renovation in the late-1990s, it is estimated that roughly 20 percent of its visitors only came to ride its exterior escalator up to its observation platforms. Since 2012, the Alexander Calder sculpture Horizontal has sat in front of this building, and (+) Roselyne [[ROSE-lin]] Bachelot [[bah-SHLOH]] announced that this building would be closed for a four-year renovation starting in 2023. Chiefly designed by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano and known for its high- tech architecture and exposed, (*) brightly colored pipes, for the points, what is this modern art museum in Paris, named for the longest-serving French prime minister. | Centre Pompidou (or Pompidou Centre; or Centre national d'art et de culture Georges-Pompidou) |
| A UNESCO site in this province is Writing-on-Stone provincial park, which is located along the Milk River on land which is sacred to the Blackfoot tribe. Fossil discoveries in this province are often sent to the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Paleontology, which is located in the town of Drumheller on the Red Deer River. Parks east of this province's Kicking Horse Pass include Yoho and Kootenay. Chuckwagon racing was invented in 1923 at an annual rodeo, (+) still held in this province, called the Rangeland Derby. The northernmost city in North America with a population of at least one million inhabitants is located in this province which is home to the second-largest mall on its continent. This province's Columbia Icefield forms the North Saskatchewan River in (*) Jasper National Park and is also home to Banff National Park. The Athabascan Oil Sands are in, for the points, what Canadian province with the cities of Calgary and Edmonton? | Alberta |
| It's not its country's capital, but this city's National Museum contains a 12th- century work known as the Hell Scroll. One park in this city is known for selling special crackers known as senbei that visitors can feed to its wild sika deer. Other green spaces in this city include the Manyo Botanical Garden, which is overlooked by the Kasuga Grand Shrine, and the Isui-en, which was created during the Meiji Era. One temple in this city is the headquarters of the Kegon (+) School of Buddhism and is home to a Daibutsu, or a giant statue of the Buddha. This city is home to the Tōdai-ji Temple, one of its Great Seven Temples, as well as the former (*) imperial residence of the Heijō Palace. For the points, name this historic city in the Kansai region of Honshu which names a period of medieval Japanese history and was the imperial capital before Kyoto. | Nara (accept Nara National Museum; accept Nara Period) |
| This town was the historic location of Storer College, which was the site of the second conference of the Niagara Movement. This town's best-known building was disassembled and transported to the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, and that building's original location is marked by an obelisk in this town. This town's Virginius Island once housed factories developed by John Hall, and this town is overlooked by a fading advertisement for Mennen's Borated Talcum Toilet Powder (+) as well as the historical sites of Bolivar Heights and Jefferson Rock. One event in this town was planned at the Kennedy Farmhouse and led to its instigator being captured in an arsenal’s fire engine (*) house. For the points, name this town at the confluence of the Shenandoah and Potomac Rivers, near the junction of Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia, famously associated with John Brown. | Harpers Ferry |
| A glacier named for this river is located close to the Furka Pass and is bordered by the Dammastock. Left tributaries of this river include the Durance, Arve, and Vispa Rivers. The Park of the Golden Head and Henry Chabert Park are among the parks that make up a development called the "Banks of [this river]." This river flows southwest through Gletsch before receiving the waters of the Massa in the Brig region. (+) After crossing an international border, this river traverses the southern Jura Mountains before draining via the Canal de Savières [[sah-VYEHR]]. This river's largest tributary, the Saône [[SOHN]], joins it in a city that contains the Presqu'île [[pres-KEEL]] and Fourvière [[fohr-VYEHR]] hill. This river divides into the (*) "Great" and "Little" near the city of Arles. For the points, name this Swiss and French river that flows through Lake Geneva and Lyon. | Rhône River (accept Banks of the Rhone; accept Berges du Rhône; accept Great Rhone; accept Little Rhone; accept Grand Rhone; accept Petit Rhone) |
| Artist Ablade Glover runs this city's Artists Alliance Gallery, while Lesley Lokko and David Adjaye launched the African Futures Institute school of architecture in this city in July 2021. The 2023 African Games will be hosted in this city, whose Ohene Djan stadium was the site of the deadliest stadium disaster in African history. This city's Labadi Beach is near its suburb of Teshie, while its other attractions include the Makola Market and Jamestown Lighthouse. (+) The Golden Jubilee House is the presidential palace in this city, replacing Christiansborg Castle, a Danish fort now named for the district of Osu. Tro tros, vans converted into shared taxis or buses, are a common form of transportation in this city which is served by the port of Tema and Kotoka International Airport. Black Star Square (*) is located next to Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park in, for the points, what capital of Ghana? | Accra |
| While Sven Hedin was exploring the Lake Lop Nur region in this desert, he discovered the once-lost Loulan Kingdom. Aurel Stein discovered ruins, whose artifacts included foreign Diocletian-era Roman coins, in the southern reaches of this desert using the writings of the seventh-century Buddhist monk Xuanzang [[ZHOO- AHN-ZAHNG]]. This desert, which may be named for the Tocharian people who once inhabited it, can be traversed by the Luntai-Minfeng (+) Highway. Writings in the the proto-Indic script Kharosthi, produced by officials from the Kushan Empire, were found in this desert's oasis of Niya. In this desert, a string of fertile oases such as (*) Yarkand and Miran were found along the southern portion of the Silk Road. For the points, name this desert in Southwest Xinjiang, the largest within China. | Taklamakan Desert (accept Taklimakan Desert) |
| The only casualty of a 1940 suspension bridge collapse in this state was a cocker spaniel named Tubby. In an effort to drum up tourism after the decline of the logging industry, this state's town of Leavenworth redesigned its buildings to look like a Bavarian village. A site in this state produced the plutonium for the Trinity Test and was declared a Superfund site in 1988. This state's most-populous county renamed itself after Martin Luther King, Jr. (+) in 1986, and this state’s largest city contains a Capitol Hill neighborhood, despite not being this state’s capital. That neighborhood in this largest city was declared an “autonomous zone” (*) by protestors in the 2020 George Floyd protests in this state. For the points, name this state which has been the site of engineering disasters such as the Hanford site and the Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse. | Washington |
| This gulf includes the ports of Corner Brook and Percé, the latter of which is known for its natural arch which resembles a sail. The Iles de la Madeleine are located in this gulf where the Treaty of Utrecht ended Basque whaling operations, and vehicles on a national highway are carried via ferry from Port aux Basques to North Sydney at the entrance to this gulf. A namesake channel (+) which underlies this gulf originates from the end of the Saguenay River, ending just west of the Grand Banks underwater plateau and flowing south of Anticosti Island. The straits of Belle Isle and Cabot connect this gulf to the Atlantic Ocean, which is bounded by (*) Cape Breton Island and includes Prince Edward Island. For the points, name this gulf between the Maritime Provinces, Quebec, and Newfoundland. | Gulf of St. Lawrence (or Golfe du Saint-Laurent; accept St. Lawrence Seaway) |
| This island contains the Asaro Mudmen, known for their masks made of mud, who live near the city of Goroka on the Highlands Highway. This island's Strickland River flows past the controversial Porgera Gold Mine and is a tributary of a river which rises in the Victor Emanuel Range of the Star Mountains. This island's Lorentz National Park contains the territory of the Asmat people, known for their intricate woodcarvings, (+) and those people may have cannibalized Michael Rockefeller. This island's port of Lae was the site of Amelia Earhart's last known stop on her ill-fated round-the-world journey, and Mount Wilhelm is the highest point of one (*) country on this island which administers the Bismarck archipelago. For the points, name this island which is split between Indonesia and a country governed from Port Moresby. | New Guinea (or Papua; or Niugini; or Irian; do not accept or prompt on "Papua New Guinea") |
| This country has celebrated "Melon Day" on the second Sunday of August since 1994, and this country's capital was leveled in a 1948 earthquake and remodeled in the "White City" urban renewal project. One monument in this country features a statue of a green and purple book that opens every evening. That book, by this country's first president, is the Ruhnama, which was once required reading for driving exams. (+) That same president of this country also commissioned a monument known as "the Tripod" by locals, which celebrates this country's neutrality and is topped with a statue that previously rotated to face the sun. The second president of this country commissioned a golden statue (*) of an Alabay dog in 2020. For the points, name this former Soviet Republic which has been led by Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow [[goor-bahn-GOO-lee behr-dih-MOO-hah-meh-doh]] from Ashgabat. | Turkmenistan (or Turkmenia) |
| Explorer Diego de Ordáz wrongfully followed this river's tributary named the "Meta" in an effort to find the fabled "Seven Cities of Gold." In local myth, a deity which personified this river, named Adaheli, incubated the world's first humans in the reptilian Caiman following his descent from the heavens. The local government's "Plan Siembra Petrolera" hopes to develop this river's namesake "Belt," including the Delta-Caribbean (+) Project. A dam named for historical revolutionary hero Antonio José de Sucre, which is situated on the confluence of this river and the river Caroni, provides power to cities like Ciudad Bolivar. This river forms a natural canal, or bifurcation, known as the Casiquiare which connects to the Rio Negro, (*) forming a water divide. Some of the southern Colombian-Venezuelan river is formed by, for the points, what other river, the fourth-largest in terms of volume of discharge? | Orinoco River (or Orinoquia; accept Orinoco Belt) |
| A holding company partially named for this range started a metallurgical joint-stock company that uses a private army known as the "The Patrol" to disperse environmental protestors in regions such as the Kurgan. The largest zinc producer in one nation is this range's Chelyabinsk Plant, which is operated by the UMMC. A language originating from this range was partially revived in written form Aleksej Dunyashin through his satirical columns in the collection Stinging Nettles. (+) That tongue originating from this mountain range, Eryza [[ehr-REE-zah]], is still spoken in the autonomous Republic of Mordovia. Sami, Hungarian, and Finnish are all subsets of a language family named for this mountain range. Mount Narodnaya is the highest peak (*) in this range, which runs from the Arctic Ocean to Northern Kazakhstan. The geographical delineation between Europe and Asia is, for the points, what largely Russian mountain range? | Ural Mountains (or Urals; or Uralic Mountains; accept Uralelektromed; accept Ural-Altaic Languages; accept Uraltaic languages) |
| In October 2019, an island in this country called Metis Shoal formed after a smaller island disappeared after 24 years. The koki, or maroon shining parrot, lives on this country's island of 'Eua. According to tradition, a creator god put much more effort into creating this country's main island than the island group of Vavaʻu, whose capital of Neiafu is the second-largest town in the country. Ancient traces of the Lapita (+) culture have been found on this country's Haʻapai island group, whose largest settlement is Pangai. The Royal Palace in this country's capital has been the home of leaders like Tupou VI [[the Sixth]]. Tongatapu is the (*) main island of this country, which is bordered by Fiji to the northwest and Samoa to the northeast. For the points, name this Polynesian island nation whose capital is Nukuʻalofa. | Kingdom of Tonga (or Pule'anga Fakatu'i 'o Tonga) |
| Edmund James Palmer Norton was 19th-century railroad engineer who is generally considered the founder of this country's wine industry. This country's Douce noir grapes are known locally as Bonarda,s and this country's Luracatao vineyard is the third-highest in the world. Unique grapes developed in this country include the pink-skinned Cereza and the red Criolla Grande [[cree-OH-yah GRAHN- deh]], and the white Pedro Giménez. (+) Two of the largest wine companies based in this country include Bodegas Esmeralda and Peñaflor [[pehn-YAH-flor]]. This country's first recorded vineyard was planted by Jesuit missionaries near Santiago del Estero, and Domingo Sarmiento is credited for introducing Malbec vines (*) to this country from France. For the points, name this Southern Hemisphere country whose major wine regions include San Juan and Mendoza. | Argentina (or Argentine Republic; or República Argentina) |
| Following the implementation of the Alhambra Decree, over twenty-six hundred Jewish merchants and artisans were resettled in this nation's sanjak, known as Avlonya. A UEFA match including this nation was suspended following a drone being spotted sporting a flag with the face of Isa Boletini, an ethno-nationalist who led a revolt in this country in the early-1900s. The Byzantine-era Zvërnec [[ZVEHR- nek]] Monastery (+) is a still-standing edifice situated on its namesake island, present in this nation's Lagoon of Narta. On that body of water is Vlora, the third-largest city in this nation. This nation's four major geographical regions are split into the Northern, Southern, and Central Mountain ranges as well as the Western Lowlands. 200 thousand above-ground, Cold War barriers are situated around this modern nation built during a Communist government's bunkerizimi. Skanderbeg (*) Square and the many bunkers of the Enver Hoxha [[HOH-djah]] regime are present in, for the points, what Eastern European nation with a Muslim majority? | Republic of Albania (or Republika e Shqiperise; or Shqiperia) |
| Tourists to this country often visit P'i Do Island to learn about the construction of the Nampo Dam, which the Sohae Kammun Line runs over. This country's only UNESCO World Heritage Site is the Complex of Koguryo Tombs. Port Lazarev was the Russian name for this country's port of Wonsan, the site of the longest naval blockade in modern history by the U.S., which is a gateway to the Masikryong Ski Resort situated in the (+) Taebaek Mountains. This country's city of Kaesong is the site of an international industrial region, and its city of Sinuiju is separated from Dandong by the Yalu River. This country, which shares a ten-mile long border with (*) Russia, has the world's largest proportion of its population involved in the military and is governed by the Juche ideology. For the points, name this country which is ruled by the Kim family. | Democratic People's Republic of Korea (accept DPRK; accept North Korea; accept Choson-minjujuui-inmin-konghwaguk; prompt on "Korea"; do not accept or prompt on "South Korea," "Republic of Korea," or "ROK") |
| Flammability problems with lithium-ion batteries briefly caused these things to be banned in the US in 2013. This product was the first part of its company's Yellowstone Y2 Project and was developed after the cancellation of the Sonic Cruiser Program. Proposed names for this product included eLiner and Global Cruiser. A 2019 New York Times expose detailed multiple accounts of manufacturing debris (+) such as wrenches and bolts being left in these things in a North Charleston factory, and these things were also made in Everett, Washington until 2021. These things have helped certain companies using point-to-point models, and this product made its first commercial (*) flight with All Nippon Airways in 2011. For the points, name this widebody jet developed to be more fuel-efficient than its company's previous 767. | Boeing 787 Dreamliner (accept either underlined portion) |
| This man produced the first detailed maps of Newfoundland when travelling on the HMS Grenville before embarking on his first major journey, during which he observed the transit of Venus at Tahiti and disembarked at Poverty Bay. An archipelago named for this explorer includes Marae Moana, the world's largest protected area that encompasses its EEZ, governed from Rarotonga. (+) An inlet named for this man is formed by the junction of the Turnagain and Knik Arms at Anchorage, and a town named after this explorer is home to Kealakekua Bay, the site of his 1779 death. Naming a mountain also called Aoraki, this explorer was the first (*) European to land on Hawaii. The namesake of a strait separating New Zealand's North and South Islands, for the points, who was this British explorer, the captain of the HMS Endeavour? | James Cook (accept Cook Archipelago; accept Cook Inlet; accept Mount Cook; accept Captain Cook; accept Cook Strait) |
| This neighborhood's residences of Villa Aurora and the Thomas Mann house were centers for Jewish intellectuals who fled from Germany during the Nazi regime, and this neighborhood's Rustic Canyon was the site of the Uplifters club. A section of this neighborhood is named Inceville after a silent film maker. A temple in this neighborhood holds a portion of Mahatma Gandhi's ashes in a Chinese sarcophagus and a waterfall topped by (+) Jesus Christ, dedicated by Paramahansa Yogananda as the Self-Realization Fellowship Lake Shrine. This neighborhood, to the west of Brentwood, contains a statue titled Victorious Youth in the Getty Villa. The terminus of Sunset Boulevard is located in this neighborhood between Santa Monica and (*) Malibu, the westernmost coastal neighborhood of Los Angeles. For the points, name this neighborhood which is named for its position above a nearby ocean. | Pacific Palisades |
| Access to Montenegro's Sveti Stefan resort can be gained by travelling over one of these landforms, and one of these landforms named Eaglehawk Neck allows for road transport between Port Arthur and the rest of Tasmania. Types of these landforms formed by shingles are often called ayres, and one of these landforms extends off the coast of Yell in the Shetland Islands. The port of Gwadar is situated south (+) of one of these features, which gives it its hammerhead shape, and Cadiz in southern Spain is located north of one of these landforms. These landforms are formed by wave refraction and diffraction as longshore drift carries sediments to spits, and these landforms, (*) which connect tied islands to the mainland, often form coastal lagoons. For the points, name these sandy isthmuses which have an Italian name. | Tombolos (prompt on isthmus before mentioned) |
| In this modern province, Portuguese sailors who had run aground gave the iSimangaliso Wetlands the name "River of the Golden Dunes," and they likely made the first European contact in this province with the Tsonga people. In this province, a port named for statesman Theophilus Shepstone has various locales named for King Haakon due to the influx of Norwegian immigration in the late-19th century. The victor at the Battle of (+) Isandlwana [[ee-sahnd-LWAH-nah]], King Cetshwayo [[ket- SHWY-oh]], names a district in this modern province which borders the Indian Ocean. Passes through Drakensberg, found along eastern reaches of the Great Escarpment were used by European (*) "trekkers" who settled in this modern province. The Zulu bantustan was once located in, for the points, what modern South African province? | KwaZulu-Natal Province (or iKwaZulu-Natali; accept KZN; prompt on "Garden Province") |
| Description Acceptable: The Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang [[SHOO-AHN-ZAHNG]] likely provides the oldest surviving account of these things and noted that they were "decorated with gold and fine jewels." These things were the subject of a 2006 documentary by Christian Frei [[FRY]], and one of these things was partly rebuilt by the German branch of ICOMOS in 2013. The Polish Arkady Fiedler Museum of Tolerance contains a replica (+) of one of these things, and the murals that surrounded these things included one that depicted a sun-god on a chariot and a surviving example that depicts a Hephthalite man. In 2015, Xinyu Zhang and Hong Liang produced a laser light 3-D projection of these things which were (*) destroyed on the orders of Mullah Omar. For the points, name these tall statues of a South Asian spiritual leader in the namesake Afghan valley that were destroyed by the Taliban in 2001. | Buddhas of Bamiyan (accept clear-knowledge equivalents) |
| This place is situated near two similar places named for Royal Navy officers Francis Crozier and John Franklin, and the first written account of this place using its current name was published by Charles Henry Davis. This place lies in the Kennedy Channel just off the coast of Washington Land, and the closest human settlement to this place is Alert, which has no permanent residents. This place's namesake also went by the indigenous name of (+) Suersaq and served on the Second Grinnell and Polaris Expeditions. One series of pseudo-conflicts on this island involved sailors planting a country's flag and either a bottle of cognac or whiskey and was dubbed the (*) Whisky War. For the points, name this uninhabited Arctic island, home to multiple non- violent border disputes, that was formally divided between Denmark and Canada in 2022. | Hans Island (or Tartupaluk; accept Hans Hendrik) |
| A city in this country was once known as Litzmannstadt after Karl Litzmann and today contains the Central Museum of Textiles. That city in this country houses Muzeum Sztuki and a large cemetery at Bracka Street. Cathedral Island is found in a city in this country that contains the tall Sky Tower, which is only surpassed in height by Varso Tower in this nation's capital. One of the first secular monument columns, Sigismund's (+) Column, was erected in this city's capital, which contains the headquarters of Frontex. The second-largest city in this country includes Wawel Castle built at the behest of Casimir III the Great. The city of (*) Wrocław is found in this country, whose capital contains the Copernicus Monument and an airport named for Chopin. For the points, name this European country whose major cities include Łódź, Kraków, and Warsaw. | Republic of Poland (or Rzeczpospolita Polska) |