| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Along with John J. Crittenden, this person is one of only two people to serve two non-consecutive tenures as Attorney General. This politician is a staunch proponent of the “unitary executive” theory, which holds that the president wields significant power that other branches cannot restrain. Acting on this lawyer’s advice, George H. W. Bush pardoned high-ranking officials involved in the Iran-Contra scandal. For ten points, name this man who published a deliberate mischaracterization of the Mueller Report while serving as Donald Trump's Attorney General. | William Barr (or William Pelham "Bill" Barr) |
| Edwin Ladd urged the adoption of a predecessor to this law in North Dakota. This law's "father," who was the first commissioner of its namesake Administration, was named Harvey Washington Wiley. After the passage of this law, whose scope was expanded by the Sherley Amendment, the federal government tried to force Coca-Cola to remove caffeine from its formula. This law was passed after Upton Sinclair exposed the conditions of slaughterhouses in his novel The Jungle. For ten points, name this 1906 law protecting consumers from impurities. | Pure Food and Drug Act |
| A regional election in this place was postponed by Iñigo Urkullu in April 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. People from this region living abroad must petition to cast a “begged vote” in elections where parties include the PNV and EH Bildu. The head of government of this region, known as the lehendakari, takes the oath of office standing next to the Tree of Gernika. For ten points, name this Iberian region referred to as Euskal Herria in its pre-Indo-European language. | Basque Country (accept Euskadi; or Pais Vasco; or Pays Basque; accept Basque Autonomous Community; or Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoa; or Comunidad Autónoma Vasca; accept Euskal Herria before read) |
| This politician cast doubts on the health status of Nawaz Sharif after the former premier went to London for a four-week treatment. This politician accused the United States of conspiring against him after receiving a letter stating his country would be in danger if he were to remain in office. Former ally Shahzain Bugti resigned from the federal cabinet in order to oppose this politician, who received a vote of no confidence in April, 2022. For ten points, name this politician who was recently ousted as Prime Minister of Pakistan. | Imran Khan (or Imran Ahmed Khan Niazi) |
| This party's long period of uninterrupted dominance is often called the "1955 System." This party largely maintained a 38 year control of its nation's lower house until a coalition of eight parties led by the JNP defeated this party in its country's 1993 elections. The longest-serving leader of this party was succeeded as prime minister by Yoshihide [[YO-shi-HEE-day]] Suga and dressed up as Mario at the closing ceremony at the Rio Olympics. For ten points, name this right-wing party that has dominated Japanese politics for most of the postwar era. | Liberal Democratic Party of Japan (or LDP; or Liberal Democrats; accept Jiyū- Minshutō; or Jimintō; do not accept or prompt on partial answers; do not accept or prompt on "Democratic Liberal Party") |
| In Torcaso v. Watkins, the Supreme Court unanimously held that these things cannot be given to those holding state office. The clause that forbids these things follows one requiring all federal and state officeholders to take an oath to support the Constitution. One article of the Constitution notes that none of these things "shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States." For ten points, name these things that would ban those who don't believe in God from holding public office. | Religious Tests (accept No Religious Test Clause) |
| This theorist argued that technocrats provided pseudo-scientific justification for crimes committed in the Vietnam War in his essay "The Responsibility of Intellectuals." This author analyzed the humanitarian rhetoric of U.S. foreign policy in Deterring Democracy. With Edward S. Herman, this author pulled from Walter Lippmann's book Public Opinion for a 1988 text advancing the propaganda model of media criticism in Manufacturing Consent. For ten points, name this anarcho-syndicalist MIT professor who is better known for authoring the linguistics book Syntactic Structures. | Noam Chomsky (or Avram Noam Chomsky) |
| Though it is not Switzerland, this country includes ten cantons, among them Una- Sana and Tuzla. While those cantons form a Federation named for this country, that entity does not control this country's city of Banja Luka, and shares its control of Brčko [[BURT- shkoh]] with another entity. Those entities were created by the Dayton Agreement, which granted the Republika Srpska one of this country's two presidents. For ten points, name this Balkan country whose capital is the divided city of Sarajevo. | Bosnia and Herzegovina (accept Bosna i Hercegovina) |
| This senator gave the Republican rebuttal to Joe Biden's 100-Day speech to Congress. After the murder of George Floyd, this man proposed the JUSTICE Act, which designated lynching as a federal crime. This first African-American to serve in both chambers of Congress was criticized for stating "America is not a racist country" in one speech. For ten points, name this Black Republican senator from South Carolina. | Tim Scott (or Timothy Eugene Scott |
| This organization's past president, Joanne Liu, demanded an investigation into the 2015 American bombing of a hospital in Kunduz. This organization's president James Orbinski discussed the conditions of the Rwandan Genocide in his speech accepting this organization's 1999 Nobel Peace Prize. This organization was founded by Bernard Kouchner in the aftermath of a famine that occurred during the Biafran Civil War in Nigeria. For ten points, name this international humanitarian NGO that provides medical aid to countries like Haiti. | Doctors Without Borders (or Médecins Sans Frontières; accept MSF; or DWB) |
| A holder of this cabinet position was named for a Liberian chief who saved his grandfather's life on a League of Nations mission. Before serving as president of the University of California, a former Arizona Governor took this position during Barack Obama's first term. The last Republican to win re-election as Pennsylvania's governor, Tom Ridge, was the first holder of this position. Formerly held by Jeh [["Jay"]] Johnson and Janet Napolitano, for ten points, what cabinet position was established after 9/11? | Secretary of Homeland Security |
| A commissioner of this organization named John Koskinen issued unpaid furloughs in 2015, since it could not hire enough seasonal associates. Agents at this organization were instructed to give extra scrutiny to groups whose names contained "Patriot" or "Tea Party." This organization's current commissioner, Charles Rettig, launched an investigation into the source of a ProPublica article that released the reported incomes of Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk. For ten points, name this federal agency responsible for collecting taxes. | Internal Revenue Service (or IRS) |
| This activity was the subject of a 2013 Senate bill pushed by a bipartisan "Gang of Eight" that included Michael Bennet and Bob Menendez. Lyndon B. Johnson signed into law a 1965 act about this activity that abolished a 1920s-era "Formula" and was named for Philip Hart and Emanuel Celler. In 1921, Congress passed an "Emergency" act that limited those performing this activity to just three percent of a country's representation, which was reduced to a two percent quota in 1924. For ten points, name this activity, which was limited by legislation like the Chinese Exclusion Act and enabled by DACA. | Immigration (prompt on "Gaining Citizenship"; prompt on descriptive answers) |
| In 2016, Maite Oronoz Rodríguez became the first openly gay chief justice from this region. Jose Luis Vaello-Madero is the subject of a case concerning this region and the application of SSI benefits. The Foraker Act established the Supreme Court of this region, and the Sanchez Valle [[vah-YAY]] case held that the Double Jeopardy Clause bars people in this region from being charged with crimes for which they were already tried in the U.S. For ten points, name this territory whose Supreme Court hears cases in San Juan. | Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (accept Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico; accept P.R.) |
| A crisis was fomented in this institution when Francis Bernard ordered it to meet in Cambridge in 1769. This institution is unusual among its peers for its use of joint committees and its labeling of constituencies with both county names and numbers. Tip O’Neill was a top leader in this institution from 1949 to 1952, decades before he held a similar position in Congress. For ten points, name this institution which had veto-proof majorities in its dealings with Charlie Baker. | Massachusetts General Court (accept Massachusetts State Legislature) |
| A head of this organization was found guilty of negligence for approving an award of $429 million to Bernard Tapie. This organization has provided assistance to poor countries via the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility. This organization, which since 2019 has been led by Bulgarian economist Kristalina Georgieva, maintains foreign exchange reserve assets called special drawing rights. In 1997, Indonesia, South Korea, and Thailand received bailouts from this organization, whose creation was proposed at the Bretton Woods conference. Christine Lagarde led, for ten points, what sister organization of the World Bank? | International Monetary Fund (or IMF) |
| Prior to becoming a protectorate, this country replaced European financing with loans from New York banks under president Adolfo Díaz. The Tower Commission investigated an event in this country, during which Fawn Hall was ordered to destroy documents. The Boland Amendment restricted U.S. support for a rebel group in this country, which was made an American protectorate under the Bryan–Chamorro Treaty. The 2016 NICA Act prevented this country from taking loans if fraud was committed by Daniel Ortega. For ten points, name this country whose Contras were funded by arms sales to Iran. | Republic of Nicaragua (or República de Nicaragua) |
| This phenomenon may contribute to at least a 5% loss of GDP per review, and Nicholas Stern called that loss due to this phenomenon the "greatest and widest-ranging market failure ever seen." The DICE model was created by William Nordhaus to assess this phenomenon and proposed policies centered around it. Naomi Klein argued that this phenomenon cannot be addressed in an era of neoliberal market fundamentalism in the work This Changes Everything. Cap-and-trade policy can combat this phenomenon by imposing ceilings on carbon emissions. For ten points, name this phenomenon that is causing the melting of polar ice caps. | Climate Change (accept Global Warming; prompt on answers like the "Greenhouse Effect" or "rising temperatures") |
| During this agency's "Rainbow Era," it purchased 286 EMD E and F products and 30 GG1s. An F2 tornado damaged part of this agency's Indiana facility, which is known as Beech Grove Shops. This agency came under fire following an incident involving the Empire Builder in Joplin, Montana. In 2016, then-vice president Joe Biden announced a loan package to finance over two dozen Avelia Liberties and other equipment for this agency's flagship Acela service. For ten points, name this U.S. government-funded passenger railroad service. | Amtrak (accept National Railroad Passenger Corporation) |
| Jeffrey Segal and Harold Spaeth described these people as policymakers in contrast to a “panoply of myth” about them. CBI scores and Martin-Quinn scores describe the ideology of these people, while others have measured the ideology of them based on their home-state senators. The behavior of these people is the subject of debate between advocates of the “attitudinal model” and the “legal model." For ten points, name these figures whose decisions are often described by pundits in terms of “activism” and “restraint.” | Judges (accept Supreme Court Justices) |
| One candidate for this state’s senate suspended his campaign after being accused by his spouse of physical abuse. In a 2014 hearing, Missouri senator Claire McCaskill told a current senate candidate of this state that “The scientific community is almost monolithic against you” after he promoted green coffee bean extract for weight loss. One senate candidate of this state is its Lieutenant Governor, John Fetterman. For ten points, name this "Keystone State" where Malcolm Kenyatta and Mehmet Oz aim to fill the seat of a retiring Pat Toomey. | Pennsylvania |
| This institutional feature was eliminated in New Zealand in 1950 and adopted in the Philippines in 1987. “Congruence” and “symmetry” characterize the varieties of this feature, which depends on representation and formal powers. This feature of legislatures, according to Jeremy Bentham, could be either “useless” or “mischievous” depending on the specific design. For ten points, name this characteristic of legislatures present in every American state except Nebraska. | Bicameralism (accept Second Legislative Chamber or descriptive equivalents such as Having Two Chambers) |
| This politician secured her current position after defeating Toni Preckwinkle in a runoff election. This politician launched the Racial Equity Rapid Response Team during the COVID-19 pandemic, and she was also the chair of her city’s Police Accountability Task Force. An eleven-day teachers' strike broke out when this politician failed to negotiate a contract with her city’s public school system and its Teachers Union. For ten points, name this politician who has been the mayor of Chicago since 2019. | Lori Lightfoot (or Lori Elaine Lightfoot) |
| Along with the composer Gordon Getty, this man founded a Cabernet-specializing boutique winery known as PlumpJack. This man took over one city's Parking and Traffic Commission during the administration of Willie Brown, and in 2022, this politician denied Sirhan Sirhan parole for the murder of Robert Kennedy. The administration of this governor has seen ongoing work on a high-speed railway to Bakersfield, and this governor survived a 2021 recall election against radio host Larry Elder. For ten points, identify this successor to Jerry Brown, the current Governor of California. | Gavin Newsom (or Gavin Christopher Newsom) |
| This city was called “Little Beirut” by George H. W. Bush after he was greeted with massive protests in 1991. This city held the “Summer of Love: United We Stand Divided We Fall” rally which featured members of the Proud Boys protesting in support of the Capitol rioters. Prior to that rally, the mayor of this city told residents not to engage in physical confrontation and to “choose love.” Ted Wheeler is the mayor of, for ten points, what largest city of Oregon? | Portland |
| In June 2021, this publication was nearly sued after calling The Babylon Bee a "far- right misinformation site." This publication drew criticism after publishing the opinion piece "Send in the Troops" by Tom Cotton, leading James Bennet to resign. This newspaper's reporting of Hillary Clinton's email controversy led many readers to criticize White House correspondent Maggie Haberman. In June 2018, this paper's Executive Editor Dean Baquet eliminated its copy editing roles. The Gray Lady is the nickname of, for ten points, what 132-time Pulitzer Prize-winning newspaper published in the Empire State? | The New York Times (or NYT; prompt on the "The Gray Lady" before mentioned) |
| Duncan Kennedy argued that these places reinforce class, gender, and racial inequality in a "polemic against the system." An admissions director to one of these places named Frank Bowles created an exam for these places originally scored from 200 to 800. While dean of one of these institutions, Christopher Columbus Langdell instituted the case method and Socratic method in curricula. Before joining the Supreme Court, Elena Kagan served as dean of one of these institutions at Harvard. For ten points, name these institutions that grant students JD degrees. | Law Schools (accept College of Law; or Law Center; prompt on "Universities" or "Schools") |
| This man's son resigned as Vice Mayor of this leader's home city, citing the "delicacy" of a public dispute with his daughter. This leader vowed to ban online cockfighting, despite previously defending the activity, as it earned the country “640 million a month.” This leader was accused of ordering the bombing of a local mosque and the assassination of journalist Jun Pala by a former member of the Davao Death Squad. For ten points, name this current president of the Philippines who has been in office since 2016. | Rodrigo Duterte (or Rodrigo Roa Duterte; accept Rody Duterte; accept PRRD; prompt on “Digong”; prompt on “Rody”) |
| In a 1990 court case, Art Buchwald alleged that a business in this industry stole one of his ideas, after which he was given $900,000. William O. Douglas ruled that practices in this industry like "block booking" were illegal. The Little Three and Big Five, which included RKO, were named alongside a major company in this industry in a 1948 antitrust case that prevented ownership of chains by studios. Following that case in this industry, Loews gave up control of MGM. For ten points, name this industry centered in Hollywood, California. | American Film Industry (accept Movies Industry; or Motion Pictures Industry; or Cinema Industry; prompt on "Hollywood" before mentioned) |
| Voters in this state will vote on ten constitutional amendments in 2022 that would add to the longest state constitution in the United States. This state’s 2022 senate race was thrown into disarray when Donald Trump un-endorsed one candidate for not doing enough to revoke the results of the 2020 election. Mo Brooks ran for senator in this state, where the governor is currently fighting a primary battle against Lynda Blanchard, although incumbent Kay Ivey is expected to win. For ten points, name this southern state that elected Tommy Tuberville to the Senate. | Alabama |
| Colombia briefly had this form of government after Gustavo Rojas Pinilla resigned. A country with this type of government is experiencing the Rohingya genocide in its Rakhine State, an atrocity perpetrated by the Tatmadaw. Another country transitioned to this type of government after its president, Omar al-Bashir, was overthrown in a coup d’état led by Ahmed Awad Ibn Auf. Still practiced in Myanmar and Sudan, this is, for ten points, what type of “dictatorship” in which a country is ruled by armed forces? | Military Dictatorship (or Military Junta; accept specific types of "Dictatorships" or "Juntas" that mention the Military; accept Stratocracy even though it is slightly different) |
| This politician won a special election to succeed Ray Sanson in one office and, in another office, this man said that he wouldn't change "one damn comma" of his state's stand-your-ground laws. This man stated that he got the "freedom variant" of COVID-19 during a rally held at his home state. Joel Greenberg agreed to cooperate with federal investigators into sex trafficking allegations against this man. For ten points, name this congressman from Florida's 1st congressional district, a staunch ally of Donald Trump. | Matt Gaetz (or Matthew Louis Gaetz II) |
| A clause in this constitutional amendment allows people who participated in an insurrection to hold public office after a two-thirds vote in both houses of Congress. The Bill of Rights is applied to state laws through incorporation because of this amendment’s due process clause, which “does not enact Herbert Spencer’s Social Statics,” according to a dissent in Lochner v. New York. The meaning of this amendment's Equal Protection Clause was argued in Brown v. Board of Education. For ten points, name this post-Civil War amendment that guarantees citizenship to those born in the United States. | Fourteenth Amendment (accept in either order; accept Amendment XIV) |
| In response to this act, Daniel Dulany published a set of Considerations voicing his opposition to it. The House of Burgesses passed a set of Virginia Resolves in opposition to this act, which was accompanied by the passage of the Declaratory Act. Numerous committees of correspondence sent delegates to a Continental Congress named after this piece of legislation that was passed in 1765, a year after a similar act targeting sugar. For ten points, name this act that levied taxes on printed material. | Stamp Act (accept Duties in American Colonies Act 1765) |
| Lebanese prime minister Saad Hariri briefly resigned his position while visiting this man, who earlier dismissed a neighboring country as "smaller than a Cairo street." This man launched his country's Vision 2030 program to increase military spending and economic diversification efforts. The personal phone of Jeff Bezos was hacked through the WhatsApp account of this man, who ordered the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi. For ten points, name this deputy prime minister and Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia, often nicknamed by his initials "MBS." | Mohammed bin Salman (or Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud; accept MBS before read) |
| The first person to hold this position resigned in order to become Governor of New York. A person who holds this position appropriates all purchased books of the law department in the Library of Congress. According to Article I, Section 3, Clause 6 of the Constitution, a person with this position presides over presidential impeachment trials held in the Senate. First held by John Jay in 1789 and currently held by John Roberts since 2005, this is, for ten points, what position, the head of the U.S. federal judiciary? | Chief Justice of the Supreme Court |