| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In his concurrence to this Supreme Court case, Justice Goldberg listed his belief in an “absolute, unconditional privilege” around a certain issue. The majority opinion in this case notes an approximate cost of $4800 for an advertisement that was accompanied by a letter from Asa Philip Randolph. A commissioner from Montgomery, Alabama brought forth this case, which established a standard for falsity known as “reckless disregard.” The notion of “actual malice” was central to, for ten points, what Supreme Court case dealing with a major newspaper from a Mid-Atlantic state? | New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (prompt on “Sullivan”; accept The New York Times Company v. L. B. Sullivan; accept NYT v. Sullivan) |
| This thinker outlined a theory in which three or more options ranked by preference can lead to intransitive results. Thomas Malthus’s population studies were partly inspired by this thinker’s notion of the “perfectibility of society” through progress in the sciences. This mathematician found that, when the probability of a correct outcome per juror was over 50 percent, adding jurors was optimal in a namesake "jury theorem." For ten points, name this Enlightenment thinker, and namesake of an election method, who died in prison during the French Revolution. | Marquis de Condorcet (or Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat; accept Nicolas de Condorcet; accept Condorcet's Jury Theorem; accept Condorcet Method)) |
| The Namal Institute was founded by this politician, who previously was chancellor of the University of Bradford. This politician admitted to ball tampering while a member of a team that won the 1992 World Cup in the sport he played professionally. The Khyber Pakhtunwa formed a coalition with the government of this former cricketer who publicly stated his intention to restore the policies of Muhammad Ali Jinnah. For ten points, name this politician, the first Pakistani prime minister to be ousted through a vote of no- confidence in 2022. | Imran Khan (or Imran Ahmed Khan Niazi) |
| A qibla [[KEE-blah]], reminiscent of one in Cordoba, can be found in this city’s Kutubiyyah Mosque. The El Badi Palace can be found in this city, once led by Thami El Glaoui. A set of seven patron saints are venerated in this popular pilgrimage site for Sufis. The Menara Gardens in this city were designed under Caliph Abd al-Mu’min, and the walls of this city were built under the orders of Ali ibn Yusuf, the fifth emir of the Almoravids. The African capital of the Almohad Empire was, for ten points, what "Imperial City" of Morocco. | Marrakech (or Marrakesh; accept Amarakus) |
| In this election year, the failure of one vice presidential candidate to receive enough votes led to a contingent election in which Richard Granger was defeated. Hugh Lawson White was among the four candidates from the Whig Party who ran in this year in which Daniel Webster was also a nominee. The winning vice presidential candidate in this election year claimed to have personally killed Tecumseh. Richard Mentor Johnson ran alongside the winner in this election year who was born in the Dutch region of Kinderhook, New York. For ten points, name this election year, a victory for Martin van Buren. | United States Presidential Election of 1836 |
| A thirty-five year study by this scientist was inspired by a sample of crystalline insulin provided by Robert Robinson. Along with Barbara Low, this scientist discovered that the structure of penicillin contained the B-lactam ring. The first structure of a steroid, cholesteryl iodide, was discovered by C.H. Carlisle and this scientist. In 1964, this woman won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discovering the structure of vitamin B12. For ten points, which British chemist pioneered the use of X-Ray crystallography to determine the structures of biomolecules? | Dorothy Hodgkin (or Dorothy Mary Crowfoot; or Dorothy Mary Hodgkin) |
| This deity's cult center at Lagina, in the Anatolian region of Caria, was confused for a cult of Diana by Tacitus in a mistaken interpretation of the nickname "Trivia." The Deipnon [[DEEP-nohn]] offering, in which a meal was served on an altar once a lunar month, honored this goddess. The kleidos agoge [[KLAY-dohss ah-GOH-geh]] was a ritual performed at festivals honoring this deity, involving a young girl carrying a key on a road leading to the city Stratonikea [[strah-toh-nee-KEH-ah]]. Regarded as a protector of homes, for ten points, who was this Greek goddess of magic? | Hecate [[HEH-kah-teh]] (or Hekate; accept phonetic pronunciations) |
| The Lorenzen Group fought against this movement, which included members of the Churchill Club. This movement opposed a government that referred to its central country as “the Cream Front” due to the abundance of dairy products there. BOPA and Holger were among the groups that made up this movement, described in Lois Lowry’s book Number the Stars. Christian X [[the tenth]] was seen as a symbol of this movement, perhaps due to his short reply to a telegram sent by Hitler. For ten points, name this insurgent movement against the Nazis in cities like Copenhagen. | Danish Resistance (accept Den danske modstandsbevægelse; accept descriptive answers indicating resistance against Germany or the Nazis in Denmark) |
| Ustad Mansur was a court artist during this empire and was the earliest to depict the dodo bird in color. The Persian artist Abd al-Samad was commissioned by a leader of this empire to paint miniatures for books such as the Tutinama. Rulers of this empire commissioned the Shalimar Gardens and brought in leading architects to design the city of Fatehpur Sikri. A ruler of this empire commissioned a marble mausoleum for his wife, Mumtaz. For ten points, name this empire, during which the Taj Mahal was commissioned by Shah Jahan. | Mughal Empire (accept Mogul Empire) |
| The wife of Abu Lahab was said to have once spitefully thrown these objects in Muhammad’s path. In a treatise, John Calvin claimed that five of these objects were in Bourges [[BOORZH]] and an unknown amount were in Sienna. Among the instruments of the Passion was an object made of these materials, which, upon its placement, was accompanied by a group exclaiming, “Hail, King of the Jews!" A relic made of these objects was allegedly used during the Crucifixion to mockingly crown Jesus. For ten points, name these sharp objects, which, according to a Greek proverb and the glam metal band Poison, every rose has. | Thorns (accept Crown of Thorns) |
| With Michel Ange Bernard Mangourit, this man organized an expedition led by former members of the Pulaski Legion to conquer Spanish Florida. This son-in-law of vice president George Clinton was forced to seek asylum after the Montagnards [[mohn-tahn- YAHRDS]] seized power and ousted him. Arriving on the Embuscade [[ehm-boo-SKAHD]], this diplomat's mission to the U.S. led to a 1793 attempt to recruit American privateers to fight the British during the Napoleonic Wars. For ten points, name this diplomat and "Citizen" who sparked a mild controversy in the early American Republic. | Edmond-Charles Genêt [[zheh-NEH]] (or Citizen Genêt) |
| Genêt was appointed U.S. envoy by what liberal faction of the French Revolution? Their downfall was spurred on by the writings of Jean-Paul Marat. | Girondins [[zhee-rohn-DAHN]] (or Girondists) |
| A leader of this country tried to organize a party to compete with a neighboring country’s People’s Action Party and came to be given the title “Father of Independence” or “Bapa Kemerdekaan." Tunku Abdul Rahman was a founding father of this country, which fought against Britain during a 1948 to 1960 conflict. "New Villages" were concentration camps built during an "Emergency" in this present-day country. For ten points, name this Southeast Asian country that faced a major communist insurgency in its state of Sarawak. | Malaysia (prompt on "Malaya" or "British Malaya") |
| The "New Villages" were part of what military plan devised by a namesake British general to quell the Malayan Emergency? Many of its practices were explicitly prohibited by the Geneva Convention. | Briggs Plan (accept Harold Briggs) |
| A document confirming this event replaced one letter of its central figure’s name with a “V” and was found in Ostrow. Snowy Evans and Cedric Popkin were involved in this event, the central figure of which was followed by Wop May prior to it. After passing Morlancourt Ridge, close to the Somme, this event's central figure was engaged by a Sopwith Camel before being forced to land his Fokker. Occurring after its central figure allegedly said “kaput," for ten points, what was this event in which a German flying ace was shot down? | Death of the Red Baron (accept Death of Baron Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen; accept clear-knowledge equivalents in place of “death”, like “killing”; prompt on answers that only involve a plane being downed) |
| The Red Baron led a group known by what two-word English name, perhaps given in reference to their acrobatics? | "Flying Circus" (accept Der Fliegende Zirkus; prompt on "Jagdgeschwader I" or "JG I") |
| One man with this surname started a magazine originally known as One Man’s Opinion. Another man with this surname challenged Roy Cohn to produce a list of 130 names "before sundown." William F. Buckley insisted an organization founded by a man with this surname should be ousted to the fringes of conservatism. After Joseph McCarthy publicly named Fred Fisher, a lawyer with this surname asked him, "Have you no sense of decency?" For ten points, give this surname of lawyer Joseph N. and the right-wing founder of the John Birch Society, Robert. | Welch (accept Robert Henry Winborne Welch [Jr.]; or Joseph Nye Welch) |
| Among the founding members of the John Birch Society was the founder of what Wichita-based oil refinery-turned conglomerate which, by 2015, was the second-largest company in the U.S. under the leadership of his sons? | Koch Industries, Inc. (accept Koch brothers; accept Fred C. Koch; accept Charles Koch; or David Koch) |
| One leader of this empire defeated a 30,000-man force that was double the size of his own army at the Battle of the Achelous [[ah-KEH-lohss]] River. One leader of this empire converted a defeated rival’s skull into a drinking cup, and a man known as “the Logothete” was defeated by this empire at the Battle of Pliska. Khan Krum was a ruler of this empire, which faced a campaign waged by Emperor Nikephoros [[nee-keh-FOH-rohss]] I. Simeon I was a ruler of this empire who oversaw its expansion into Hungary and Serbia. For ten points, the Byzantines often fought with what Balkan empire? | Bulgarian Empire (or First Bulgarian Empire; accept Tsardom of Bulgaria but do not reveal it as an answer; accept Balgarysko Tsesarystviye) |
| In the middle of his reign, Simeon I adopted what specific title to replace Knyaz, or Prince? | Tsar (prompt on “Emperor”) |
| The first volume of a work by this man was accidentally burned by a maid employed by John Stuart Mill, forcing this man to rewrite it entirely. The lines “he is epic” were used by this man to praise Oliver Cromwell in a work that exemplifies his belief that a certain group were “the modellers [and] creators of whatsoever the general mass...contrived to do.” The concept of the “Great Man” in history was outlined by this theorist, who wrote a three- volume history of an event beginning in 1789. For ten points, name this Scottish historian who wrote The French Revolution: A History. | Thomas Carlyle |
| Thomas Carlyle derogatorily referred to economics as what kind of science in contrast to writing, which was the "gay science"? | Dismal (accept Dismal science) |
| During this prime minister’s tenure, a group of businessmen who opposed one effort formed the Citizens’ Committee of One Thousand. The need for funding industrial research led this prime minister’s government to establish the NRC. More than 30,000 workers organized a general strike in Winnipeg during the tenure of this man, who was opposed by Henri Bourassa. The Conscription Crisis affected the tenure of this prime minister whose government passed the War Measures Act in 1914. For ten points, name this prime minister who led Canada during World War One. | Robert Borden (or Sir Robert Laird Borden) |
| Borden succeeded which prime minister, the first French-Canadian to hold the post? This Liberal established an independent Canadian navy. | Wilfrid Laurier (or Sir Henri Charles Wilfrid Laurier) |
| Karen Wilkin claimed that this painting depicted “the bungling malfeasance” of one government. The British cession of Senegal was the intended goal of the central group depicted in this painting while en route to Port Louis. Fifteen members of the central group in this painting died, with survivors resorting to cannibalism. After drifting a hundred miles off course, the namesake ship from this painting ran aground off the coast of Mauritania. Also known as Shipwreck Scene, for ten points, what is this historical painting by Theodore Gericault [[zheh-ree-KOH]]? | The Raft of the Medusa (or Le Radeau de la Meduse; accept Scene de Naufrage or Shipwreck Scene before mentioned) |
| Which other contemporary painter of works such as The Massacre at Chios and The Death of Sardanapalus posed for Gericault as one of the subjects for The Raft of the Medusa? | Eugène Delacroix |
| Defeating this ruler allowed the Roman general Lucullus [[loo-KULL-us]] to gain a legendary fortune. An attempt to partition the region of Paphlagonia [[pah-flah-GOH-nyah] with Nicomedes [[nik-oh-MEE-dees]] IV led to the first of this ruler’s namesake wars. This leader’s invasion of Greece was thwarted by the Roman general Sulla at the 86 BCE Battle of Chaeronea [[kay-ROH-neh-uh]]. This man's soldiers allegedly killed 80,000 Roman settlers in the Asiatic Vespers. For ten points, name this king of Pontus who lost three namesake wars to Rome. | Mithridates VI of Pontus (accept Mithradatic Wars) |
| Mithridates allied himself with Tigranes [[tee-GRAH-nees]] the Great, a ruler of this country. Tiridates [[tee-ree-DAH-tees]] III, a later king of this country, made it the first to convert to Christianity. | Armenia (or Hayastan; accept Kingdom of [Greater] Armenia; or Mets Hayk) |
| This city is the home of Karim Amir, who desperately tries to escape the southern section of this city in the autobiographical novel The Buddha of Suburbia by Hanif Kureishi. The experiences of Bangladeshi immigrants moving to this city in the late 1900s is recounted in Monica Ali's Brick Lane. This city is the capital of a country toward which a plane carrying Gibreel Farishta and Saladin Chamcha travels in a novel subject to a fatwa by Ayatollah Khomeini, The Satanic Verses. Many South Asian authors write about their experiences growing up in, for ten points, what European capital? | London |
| This author wrote about the struggles of the Bangladeshi World War Two veteran Samad Iqbal in London in her novel White Teeth. | Zadie Smith (or Zadie Adeline Smith) |
| California city where he served on the Board of Supervisors. | San Francisco |
| California governor and former actor who dubbed May 22 "Harvey Milk Day." | Arnold Schwarzenegger (or Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger) |
| Female California senator who served as interim mayor following the assassinations. | Dianne Feinstein (or Dianne Emiel Feinstein; or Dianne Emiel Berman; or Dianne Emiel Blum; or Dianne Emiel Goldman) |
| Mayor who was assassinated with him. | George Moscone (or George Richard Moscone) |
| Assassin and former Board member who killed Milk and the mayor. | Dan White (or Daniel James White) |
| Specific snack food which the assassin's lawyers claimed, alongside Coca-Cola, reduced his ability to think rationally. | Twinkies (accept the Twinkie Defense) |
| 1979 riots which occurred following the manslaughter verdict for the killer. | White Night Riots |
| Board member who replaced him and said that the rioters "had nothing to apologize for." | Harry Britt |
| German inventor whose innovations popularized it in Europe. | Johannes Gutenberg (or Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg) |
| Most commonly-printed work of the late Middle Ages and early modern period. | The Holy Bible |
| Technology of flexible pieces that made printing significantly easier. | Movable Type |
| Type of periodical first introduced in Strasbourg by Johann Carolus in an effort to compile "Commemorable Stories." | Newspaper |
| Merchant who introduced it to early modern England after moving from Bruges [[BROOZH]] to London. | William Caxton |
| Power source for a high-speed press developed by Friedrich Koenig. | Steam (accept Steam-Powered; prompt on "water") |
| Rhenish city which was the site of the first printing shop in the 15th century. | Mainz |
| "Inscription" from the 13th century impressed mechanically in clay, predating the introduction of the press. | Prüfening dedicatory inscription (or Prüfeninger Weiheinschrift) |
| Capital city founded by the Spanish in 1534. | Quito (accept Santiago de Quito) |
| Archipelago visited by Charles Darwin where he studied namesake finches. | Galapagos Islands (or Islas Galápagos; accept Archipiélago de Colón; accept Galapagos finches) |
| 1820s state which mostly mirrored the territory of the Viceroyalty of New Granada. | Gran Colombia |
| "Organization" named for a natural resource and primarily comprised of Middle Eastern nations which Ecuador left in 2020. | OPEC (accept Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) |
| Ally of Simón Bolívar at the Guayaquil [[wye-yah-KEEL]] Conference. | José de San Martín (or José Francisco de San Martín y Matorras) |
| Founder of the PAIS [[PAH-ees]] Alliance who gave asylum to Julian Assange in his embassy. | Rafael Correa (or Rafael Vicente Correa Delgado) |
| Former currency named for a revolutionary, the collapse of which led to a 1990s financial crisis. | Ecuadorian Sucre (accept Antonio José de Sucre; or Antonio José de Sucre y Alcalá) |
| Populist liberal who served five terms as president in the 20th century, with four ending in military coups. | José María Velasco Ibarra (accept either underlined portion) |
| While aboard the HMS Crowley, this man organized attempts to weaken the Hanover militia by encouraging plantation slaves to revolt. The battle of Point Pleasant ended a conflict named for this noble which broke out after settlers aimed to hunt in Shawnee (+) and Mingo territory. This man fled his post after his ally, the British Naval captain Robert Howe, shelled and burned the port of Norfolk to the ground after the Patriots (*) captured it. For ten points, name this Royal Governor of Virginia who fled his post following the outbreak of the Revolutionary War. | John Murray, Lord Dunmore (accept either underlined portion; accept Lord Dunmore's War) |
| Historian T.S. Burns challenged Charles Oman's theory that this battle led to the rise of the medieval knight. Alatheus [[ah-lah-THEH-ooss]] assisted one leader during this battle, in which one side was bolstered by the Greutungs [[GROY-tungs]]. Taking place near (+) Edirne, in modern Turkey, this battle was a victory for Fritigern, a Tervingi chieftain, who took up arms against an emperor killed in action, (*) Valens. For ten points, name this 378 victory for the Goths over the Roman Empire at a city named for one of "Five Good Emperors." | Battle of Adrianople (accept Battle of Hadrianopolis) |
| Jim Beaton prevented this person from being kidnapped by Ian Ball. This person won a gold medal at the 1971 European Eventing Championships and was voted that year's BBC Sports Personality of the Year. This person rode the horse Goodwill at the (+) Montreal Olympics and became president of the British Olympic Association in 1983. This person was first married to Mark Phillips (*) in a 1973 wedding with a television audience of 100 million viewers. For ten points, name this only daughter of Queen Elizabeth II. | Princess Anne of Edinburgh (accept Anne, Princess Royal; or Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise; do not accept or prompt on "Queen Anne") |
| The first generation of the mujahideen accompanied this general in his campaign to root out apostasy during the Ridda Wars, which was led by tribal leader Musaylima. Under Umar, this general defeated a relief force at the Battle of Uqab Pass sent by (+) Emperor Heraclius to relieve the besieged Byzantine garrison in Damascus. The unification of the Arabian (*) peninsula was facilitated by the victories of, for ten points, what Rashidun general and "Sword of God" who won the Battle of Yarmouk? | Khalid ibn al-Walid (accept either underlined portion; or Khalid ibn al-Walid ibn al-Mughira al-Makhzumi; accept Sayf Allah or Sword of God before "Sword" is mentioned) |
| Though made of brick, one of these buildings, built during the Song Dynasty, is named for its resemblance to rusted iron and can be found in Kaifeng. One of these buildings, named for the Wild Goose, was built during the Tang Dynasty, while the (+) Lingxiao type of these buildings was originally part of Tianning Monastery. Eaves were extended to separate the tiers of these buildings, a Korean example of which included text from the oldest sutra of the (*) Mahayana sect. For ten points, name these towers often serving religious functions in Buddhism. | Pagodas (or Tǎ; accept Pagoda of Fogong Temple; or Iron Pagoda; or Giant Wild Goose Pagoda; or Dàyàn tǎ; or Lingxiao Pagoda) |
| William Johnson helped negotiate a treaty at this location in which the U.S. gained land in one state via the New Purchase. That treaty, signed at this place, involved the sale of 127,000 acres of land to George Croghan [[KROH-an]], a fur trader from the Ohio (+) Country. A 1784 treaty signed at this place dealt with land one side acquired during the Beaver Wars. A treaty aiming to update boundaries, following the Royal Proclamation of 1763, was signed at this place by one member of each of the Six (*) Nations. For ten points, name this "Fort" in Rome, New York where two treaties were signed by the Iroquois Confederacy. | Fort Stanwix (accept Treaty of Fort Stanwix; prompt on “Rome”, New York) |
| In a novel by this man, a group known as “the Quality” holds power, while a character whose power of “conduction” is an asset to a network of the Underground Railroad. This author of The Water Dancer analyzed family (+) structures in “the Age of Mass Incarceration” and penned an essay that cites housing discrimination as one of a number of reasons for adopting the central (*) policy. For ten points, name this African-American writer for the Atlantic who is an advocate of reparations. | Ta-Nehisi Coates (or Ta-Nehisi Paul Coates) |
| This explorer’s son of the same name led a failed rebellion against his killers and was nicknamed "El Mozo," or “the Lad." Juan de Saavedra was sent on a reconnaissance mission by this explorer to modern Valparaiso, Chile. Nicknamed "El Adelantado," (+) this man was defeated by the brothers Hernando and Gonzalo at the Battle of Las Salinas. This man provided reinforcements after the Battle of Cajamarca to a man with whom he later entered into a dispute over control of (*) Cuzco. For ten points, name this Spanish conquistador who fought the Inca with, and later opposed, Francisco Pizarro. | Diego de Almagro I (prompt on “El Viejo”; prompt on “El Adelantado” before mentioned) |
| The artist of this work took fourteen years to complete a full-size replica of it while in exile. Louis-Léopold Boilly [[bwah-YEE]] painted a work focusing on a public viewing of this painting, which features an Ottoman representative named Halet Efendi. (+) The central figure’s mother, Marie, is present in this painting and is notably given a prominent position. A gallery of onlookers in the background of this painting looks down on a scene in which Pope Pius VII faces a man lifting a golden (*) crown toward his own head. Set in Notre-Dame de Paris, for ten points, what is this Jacques- Louis David painting? | The Coronation of Napoleon (or Le Sacre de Napoleon) |
| The pseudonym “Grant Lloyd” was used by a woman of this surname who served as the first Principal of Lady Margaret Hall and borrowed money to found St. Hughes College at Oxford. During its revolution, a man of this surname visited (+) France, where he fell in love with Annette Vallon [[vah-YOHN]]. During a walking tour through the Welsh Marches, that man was inspired to write a poem about a “dear, dear Sister” named Dorothy with this surname. That poem is set along the River (*) Wye. For ten points, name this surname of the poet of “Tintern Abbey”, William. | Wordsworth (accept William Wordsworth) |
| Western artist Frederic Remington depicted this man in the landscape painting [this explorer] Heads out North, showing him accompanied by native scouts. The "Conquest of (+) Cibola" was undertaken by this man, whose expeditions led to the defeat of Zuni and other Pueblo people but found very few precious metals. The discovery of the legendary city of El (*) Dorado was the goal of, for ten points, which conquistador who explored much of the Southwestern U.S. in the early 1540s? | Francisco Vázquez de Coronado (or Francisco Vázquez de Coronado y Luján) |
| Which Eastern Algonquin people were confused with a similarly named Connecticut tribe in an early American novel by James Fenimore Cooper? | Mohicans (accept The Last of the Mohicans; accept Mahegans, the tribe mentioned) |
| Stephen Nye wrote a history of this movement, several of whose members gathered at the Feathers Tavern to draft a petition to Parliament seeking relief from following the Thirty-Nine Articles. (+) Theophilus Lindsey organized meetings of these people at Essex Street Chapel, which were attended by men like the scientist Joseph Priestly. An 1813 Act granted tolerance to this movement, before which its renunciation of the Nicene (*) Creed led it to be blasphemed. For ten points, name this Christian movement which rejects the Holy Trinity. | Unitarianism |
| Which victory for General Horatio Gates and Benedict Arnold convinced the Kingdom of France to support American independence? | Battle of Saratoga (prompt on "Battle of Bemis Heights" or "Battle of Freeman's Farm") |