| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Unanimous ratification of this treaty in the Senate was spoiled by a single "no" vote from John Blaine of Wisconsin. The USSR joined this treaty by the Litvinov Protocol. Technical violations of this treaty were one of the charges used to legitimize the Nuremberg Trials. The U.S. Secretary of State under Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover won the Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating this treaty with the foreign minister of France. For ten points, name this 1928 treaty which purported to "outlaw war." | Kellogg–Briand Pact (accept General Treaty for Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy; prompt on "Pact of Paris") |
| This song was titled after the composer visited an event in Northeast Pennsylvania and may have been based on Dan Emmett's composition "Old Dan Tucker." This song's melody was adapted by English soccer fans to taunt Germany in international matches. Participants in the title event of this song include a "bay," a "bob-tail nag," and other horses. For ten points, name this popular 19th-century song by Stephen Foster in which people at a "race-track five miles long" sing "doo-dah, doo-dah." | "Camptown Races" (accept "Gwine to Run All Night" or "The Celebrated Ethiopian Song") |
| The Union was pressured into honoring this kind of document issued by the Confederacy through threats of reprisal executions during the trial of the Savannah's crew. The Grand Turk was preparing to operate under this kind of document prior to the cessation of the Second Barbary War. Immediately after the power to punish piracy, the Congressional power to issue these documents is outlined in Article One of the Constitution. For ten points, name these documents authorizing privateering as a means of war. | Letters of Marque and Reprisal |
| Mary K. Hawes assembled a committee to design this language on behalf of the Burroughs Corporation's defense contracts. This language was designed to standardize immediate predecessors such as COMTRAN and FLOW-MATIC. Jean Sammet was a lead designer of this language, with technical input from Grace Hopper. This language was the major target of software revision efforts in the late 1990s to avoid the Year 2000 problem. For ten points, name this programming language which ran many large business mainframes from 1960 onwards. | COBOL (or Common Business-Oriented Language) |
| The only men executed for participating in this event were common burglars, Charles Rose and John Bly. At the end of this event, Lieutenants Eli Parsons and Luke Day were stopped by forces mustered at Petersham under Benjamin Lincoln. James Bowdoin's increased tax enforcement prompted this scheme to seize the Springfield Arsenal. Federal inability to assist in suppressing this event became an argument in favor of the new Constitution. For ten points, name this anti-debt uprising that broke out in 1786 in Massachusetts. | Shays' Rebellion (accept synonymous answers for "Rebellion" such as "Uprising") |
| This proposal included a "Grand Council" with bloc voting under the leadership of an appointed "President-General." This proposal was slightly modified into Joseph Galloway's suggestions at the First Continental Congress. A cartoon in the Pennsylvania Gazette, of a snake cut into segments, supported this proposal under the slogan "Join, or Die." For ten points, name this 1754 proposal for colonial alliance that was put forth by Benjamin Franklin at a namesake "Congress" in New York. | Albany Plan of Union (accept Albany Congress) |
| A quotation from the ruling in this case about what is "emphatically the province and duty" of a government body is now inscribed at the Supreme Court. This case found that the Judiciary Act of 1789 contained provisions contrary to the original jurisdiction parameters of Article Three of the Constitution. This case was brought by a Maryland banker who failed to receive a judge's commission under the "midnight appointments." For ten points, name this 1803 Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review. | Marbury v. Madison (or William Marbury v. James Madison, Secretary of State of the United States) |
| The archaeologist who located the remains of this vessel interviewed Biuku Gasa and Eroni Kumana, who originally determined its wreckage site. Dale Ridder confirmed the identity of this vessel after a torpedo tube was located near the Solomon Islands. This vehicle's wreckage was found on a National Geographic expedition in 2002, 59 years after it was sunk by the Japanese destroyer Amagin. For ten points, name this boat commanded during the Pacific Theater of World War Two by John F. Kennedy. | PT-109 (or Patrol torpedo boat 109; prompt on partial answers; prompt on descriptions such as "the boat commanded by John F. Kennedy in World War Two" before mentioned) |
| A Life magazine special that came out five weeks after this battle implied that all 242 dead soldiers depicted were killed here. The "maximum pressure" policy was replaced with "protective reaction" as a result of public outrage over this battle, at which Weldon Honeycutt attempted to secure monitoring positions over the A Sầu [[AH-SHAO]] Valley during Operation Apache Snow. At least 72 American soldiers were killed at this May 1969 battle, which was generally held to have no strategic purpose. For ten points, identify this weeklong battle near Vietnam's border with Laos, known by the name of a food. | Battle of Hamburger Hill |
| This document was supported by Congressman James K. Polk, whose position as Speaker of the House was challenged by John Bell as a result. Short-term provisions in this document were made for settlers on less than 320 acres and for the use of Virginia scrip. This document, issued by Treasury Secretary Levi Woodbury, contributed to the inflationary period known as the Panic of 1837. For ten points, name this 1836 executive order requiring that gold and silver be used for most public land purchases. | Specie Circular |
| A group of these troops created Camp Bettens as a base against the vigilantes of the Wyoming Stock Growers Association while ending the Johnson County War. Benjamin Grierson claimed that the common name for these forces was taken from a comparison made by the Comanche. These forces were responsible for teaching horsemanship at West Point, and the command of these forces by John Pershing led to two of his nicknames. For ten points, give this common name for the Black members of the U.S. Army's 10th Cavalry and similar regiments. | Buffalo soldiers (accept 10th Cavalry Regiment before mentioned; prompt on "Black soldiers" or similar answers) |
| This scientist publicly embraced Roger Boisjoly [[boh-zhuh-LAY]] while serving alongside Richard Feynman on the Rogers Commission. This astrophysicist, who attended college on a tennis scholarship, was the only person to serve on the investigative committees for both the Columbia and Challenger disasters. This astronaut researched the use of spacecraft to monitor nuclear weapons after retiring from NASA in 1987. For ten points, name this astronaut who became the first American woman in space in 1983. | Sally (Kristen) Ride |
| This man collaborated with James Otis on the Circular Letter that caused Francis Bernard to dissolve the Massachusetts House of Representatives in retaliation. This man and John Hancock were specifically exempted from Thomas Gage's promise of amnesty, after which this man nominated George Washington as commander-in-chief during his prominent time in the Continental Congress. For ten points, identify this head of the Massachusetts Committee of Correspondence who was the second cousin of a U.S. president and the namesake of a beer brand. | Samuel Adams (accept Sam Adams; prompt on "Adams") |
| This man led the killing of Jolly Wymore during a crime that specifically targeted a Republican-owned institution in Liberty. This man benefitted from a legislative cap on reward money offers that was passed after Allan Pinkerton orchestrated the bombing of a house that killed this man's half-brother, Archie. This man's gang, which earlier lost John Younger to a firefight with another Pinkerton detective, was devastated during a shootout in Northfield, Minnesota, six years before this man was killed for reward money by Robert Ford. For ten points, name this bank robber who operated alongside his brother, Frank. | Jesse (Woodson) James (prompt on "James") |
| During a battle in this war, cracks in the walls of a fort proved large enough for a victorious force to advance directly to the walls and fire guns through the holes, thus capturing Fort Bull. The Forbes Expedition led to this war's Treaty of Easton, which caused the Lenape [[LEN-ah-pay]] and Shawnee to withdraw from this conflict. This war was set off by an incident that included Tanaghrisson killing an opposing commander with a tomahawk. A 32-year old George Washington incited this war at Jumonville Glen. For ten points, name this American theater of the Seven Years' War. | French and Indian War (prompt on "Seven Years' War" before mentioned) |
| During this man's presidency, a congressman waved a straw hat on the floor of the House to denounce the American Valuation Plan, part of the high Fordney-McCumber Tariff which this man signed. This president's Secretary of Commerce made the first proposals for regulating radio frequencies and aviation. Eugene Debs's prison term was commuted by this man whose infidelities were exposed by Nan Britton. For ten points, name this president who employed Herbert Hoover in his Cabinet before he suddenly died in 1923 and was succeeded by Calvin Coolidge. | Warren G (amaliel) Harding |
| The subject of this event concluded it by paying to release William Barton from debtors prison. At the end of this event, the Susquehanna was renamed the Brandywine during a military escort. During this event's stop in Charlottesville, Thomas Jefferson gave his last public speech. The subject of this event became the only private citizen of a foreign country to address a joint session of Congress. For ten points, name this 1824 to 1825 event in which a French hero of the American Revolution revisited all 24 then-existing states. | Marquis de Lafayette's grand tour of America in the 1820s (accept Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier in place of Lafayette; accept descriptions of the Marquis de Lafayette returning to, touring, or speaking in the United States) |
| A biography by Nathan Miller claims that this speech was extemporaneously dictated to secretary Grace Tully almost verbatim to how it was delivered the next day. Harry Hopkins suggested adding the line "we will gain the inevitable triumph, so help us God" to this speech. This speech makes reference to a formal exchange of messages between Cordell Hull and Kichisaburō Nomura, which contained "no threat or hint of war" despite continuing for an hour after the bombing of Oahu. For ten points, identify this December 8, 1941 speech to Congress by Franklin Roosevelt regarding the U.S. response to Pearl Harbor. | "Day of Infamy" (or "a Date which will live in Infamy"; accept Infamy Speech; accept answers describing Franklin Roosevelt's or FDR's Pearl Harbor speech before "Franklin" is mentioned) |
| This man's lengthy criticism of George Marshall was published as the book America's Retreat from Victory. This man's tactics were denounced by Frederick Woltman in a series of articles called the "Balance Sheet." This man was accused of a "hysterical disregard for decency" in a See It Now commentary by Edward R. Murrow, a charge echoed by Joseph Welch during hearings into the Army conducted by this man and his counsel, Roy Cohn. For ten points, name this Wisconsin senator who crusaded against communists in the early 1950s. | Joe McCarthy (or Joseph (Raymond) McCarthy; accept McCarthyism) |
| In this city, early Japanese influence on American architecture can be seen in Greene & Greene's Gamble House. In 1890, this city's Valley Hunt Club organized a parade that is always held near New Year's Day. Kip Thorne and Murray Gell-Mann won Nobel Prizes for research conducted in this city, where Tournament Park had been the original site of the oldest college football bowl game. For ten points, name this city, adjacent to Los Angeles, where Caltech and the Rose Bowl are both located. | Pasadena |
| This author was bedridden for a year after sustaining a leg injury playing an early form of baseball at age nine. This author used Father Rale's War as the setting for a story about a man who breaks a promise at the Battle of Pequawket, called "Roger Malvin's Burial." A novel by this man, which draws on his own ancestor's time as a judge, ends by using heraldry terms to describe a "gules" [[GOOLS]] object. For ten points, name this author who used Puritan Massachusetts as the setting of his novel about the adulterous Hester Prynne, The Scarlet Letter. | Nathaniel Hawthorne |
| The grounds of this university were the location of Robert Smithson's art installation Partially Buried Woodshed. Smithson denied that the piece was a commentary on an event at this university photographed by John Filo, which, along with an incident at Jackson State a week later, prompted the formation of the President's Commission on Campus Unrest. Claims that "the sky was black with stones" were used to exonerate troops who killed Jeffrey Miller and others at this college. For ten points, name this university where four Vietnam War protestors were killed by the National Guard in May 1970. | Kent State University (prompt on "KSU") |
| An electronic musical instrument that was once installed within this structure was used to perform John Kelin's album Bells on Hi-Fi. This building, which was opened with an electric carillon audible from ten miles away, had its roof painted in Galaxy Gold. Local legend states that a creature called the "Wheedle" lives in this structure, which was designed by John Graham for the 1962 World's Fair. For ten points, identify this astronomically-named tower that overlooks downtown Seattle. | Space Needle |
| To infiltrate a plot against this country, attorney Robert Hirschfield went undercover as an arms dealer. Idaho senator Paul Laxalt was tasked with telling the president of this country that his regime had lost the support of the Reagan administration, telling this country's longtime dictator to "cut and cut cleanly." Under the terms of the Tydings-McDuffie Act, this former U.S. territory became an independent country in 1946. For ten points, name this country to which Douglas MacArthur pledged to "return," where the World War Two Battles of Corregidor and Leyte Gulf were fought. | Republic of the Philippines (or Republika ng Pilipinas) |
| This man volunteered during a meeting at Robinson's Drugstore to be part of a plan created by booster George Rappleyea [[RAP-ul-yay]]. This man later claimed that he skipped a crucial chapter of George William Hunter's textbook Civic Biology. William Jennings Bryan prosecuted this man, who was defended by Clarence Darrow on charges of violating the Butler Act. For ten points, name this substitute teacher who was charged with teaching evolution in Dayton, Tennessee in 1925, leading to a publicized "monkey trial." | John (Thomas) Scopes (accept Scopes Monkey Trial) |
| A member of this family was sentenced to make a series of public service videos after using a bottle of vodka to set a large fire at the Seelbach Hotel in Louisville. Another member of this family was arrested for three separate hate crime assaults in the 1980s, including the wounding of Johnny Trinh. Paul, a chef from this family, heads operations at their Boston-based hamburger chain. For ten points, name this celebrity family, which includes former pop star Donnie and Transformers actor Mark. | Wahlberg (accept Paul Wahlberg; accept Donald Edmond "Donnie" Wahlberg, Jr.; accept Mark Robert Michael "Marky Mark" Wahlberg) |
| A Democratic president's plan to create this department had its closest ally in South Dakota Republican senator Chan Gurney. This Cabinet department was reorganized under the 1986 Goldwater-Nichols Act. Less than two years after this department was created, its first Secretary was found dead below a window at a hospital after psychiatric treatment. For ten points, name this Executive department which was formed by the National Security Act of 1947's merging of the War and Navy departments after World War Two. | Department of Defense (or Defense Department; accept Secretary of Defense) |
| This activity, based on its version taught at the Wayside Inn by Benjamin Lovett, was promoted and explained by the hugely popular pamphlet Good Morning. Traditional performance styles of this activity were compiled by "Pappy" Shaw. This activity was heavily financed as a component of secondary education by Henry Ford, who saw it as a counterweight to "Jewish" jazz. A component of more than half of U.S. high school gym classes by 1928, for ten points, what is this social activity often done to the accompaniment of a fiddler and a "caller." | Square dance (accept Barn dance; generously prompt on "Line dance") |
| This company once operated an aerospace research division that invented stratosphere-capable balloons for the military in Project Skyhook. This company introduced several innovations such as packaging tear strips and "Anderson sealers" that automatically glued interior bags, as well as the "puffing gun" used today on many oat and rice products. On a seasonal basis, this company provides "monster" themed products such as Franken Berry and Count Chocula. For ten points, name this Minnesota-based food manufacturer that produces Lucky Charms and Cheerios. | General Mills, Inc. |
| Unpopular limited edition vehicles in this class included a "Warner Brothers edition" produced by Chevrolet and a Ford model co-branded with the Northstar clothing line. This vehicle class was popularized in the 1980s as a result of a long-term investment in the S-platform, which was used in models such as the Plymouth Voyager. After 2000, the use of this vehicle by parents began to decline in popularity in favor of SUVs. For ten points, name this kind of vehicle that includes the Ford Aerostar and Chrysler Pacifica. | Minivans |
| The Adena built a large example of these structures at Grave Creek. Though Spanish and French explorers saw active habitation of these structures, they were falsely believed in the 19th century to be entirely prehistoric. The oldest surviving examples of these structures are found at Watson Brake, in the same modern-day state as Poverty Point. Many of these structures surround one called "Monks" at the Cahokia site. For ten points, name these structures that were created by indigenous cultures of the Eastern U.S., which are collectively known as their "builders." | Mounds (accept Mound-Builders; accept Grave Creek Mound; accept Monks Mound; accept Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site) |
| Melvin Laird announced the end of this process a year early following the recommendations of the Gates Commission on implementing Richard Nixon's campaign promise to bring this process to a close. On Jimmy Carter's first day in office, he granted a blanket pardon to almost everyone convicted of failing to comply with this process. "Numbers" issued on "cards" as part of this process were "called up" after each random drawing. For ten points, name this procedure, last held in 1973, which involuntarily inducted young adult males into the U.S. military. | U.S. military draft (or Conscription; accept Selective Service System; accept "Armed forces" or "Army" in place of "military") |
| This performer collaborated with Andy Rooney on the 1968 special Black History: Lost, Stolen, or Strayed after winning three consecutive Emmy awards for playing undercover tennis player Alexander Scott on I, Spy. A standup set by Hannibal Buress triggered several disclosures about this man's behavior that echoed earlier accusations from Andrea Constand. The Pennsylvania Supreme Court overturned this man's conviction due to an agreement with prosecutors. For ten points, name this former star of a 1980s NBC sitcom who was imprisoned from 2018 to 2021 for sexual assault convictions. | Bill Cosby (or William Henry Cosby, Jr.; accept The Cosby Show) |
| What is now this park was mapped in 1869 by the Cook-Folsom-Peterson Expedition. In 1988, factors including the end of the 300-year lodgepole pine life cycle led to an eruption of fires that burned down about a third of this park. Nathaniel Langford wrote of discovering and naming a feature in this park that activates at a frequency of no more than two hours. An 1872 law signed by Ulysses Grant created, for ten points, what first U.S. national park, mostly in Wyoming, that contains the Old Faithful geyser? | Yellowstone National Park |
| This island built a new complex to replace the Barge Office that was used after the original structures here burned down in 1887. This former site of the Fort Gibson naval magazine was under disputed state ownership prior to the 1998 case New Jersey v. New York. The Black Tom explosion damaged facilities on this island, and on nearby Liberty Island, eight years before new quota restrictions caused it to stop providing a service that once processed 5000 people per day. For ten points, name this island in New York Harbor where East Coast immigrants arrived from 1892 to 1954. | Ellis Island |
| A man in this city said he acted to prevent "the discomfiture of coming back to trial." Earl Rose was prevented from performing an autopsy at this city's Parkland Memorial Hospital. Clint Hill can be seen standing on a car's running board in this city, where J.D. Tippit was killed and John Connally was wounded. Jack Ruby arrived at police headquarters in this city during a live television broadcast and shot Lee Harvey Oswald, whose earlier actions were captured on the Zapruder film. For ten points, name this city where John F. Kennedy was assassinated. | Dallas, Texas |