| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This man wrote the majority opinion in the case which established that Congress, not the Supreme Court, decides the meaning of the "republican form of government" clause, in Luther v. Borden. This Justice attempted to hold General George Cadwalader in contempt after writing that habeas corpus could not be suspended by the president in the Ex Parte Merryman decision. An earlier decision delivered by this man pronounced that even free Blacks had "no rights which the white man was bound to respect." For ten points, name this Chief Justice who wrote the Dred Scott decision. | Roger (Brooke) Taney |
| This choreographer created dances such as "Pilgrim of Sorrow" and "Take Me to the Water" in one of his signature pieces. This man worked with the Metropolitan Opera to choreograph Samuel Barber's Antony and Cleopatra and Bizet's Carmen between 1966 and 1972. During a 1962 tour sponsored by the State Department, FBI agents threatened to pull this man's funding over his homosexuality. Revelations is the signature performance of, for ten points, what performer who founded a namesake "American Dance Theater" in 1958 that emphasizes Black dancers? | Alvin Ailey, Jr. (accept Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater) |
| At the launch of a political campaign, this man circulated a pamphlet called "I, Governor of California, and How I Ended Poverty." This man depicted the graceful scion of an arms magnate who interacts with world leaders in the 1930s and 40s in his twelve-book series about Lanny Budd. Earlier, this socialist depicted the end of Tamoszius's [[taa-MOH- zee-us's]] violin career and the travails of Lithuanian immigrant Jurgis Rudkis. For ten points, name this author who said, "I aimed at the public's heart, and by accident I hit it in the stomach" about his novel set in Chicago meatpacking plants, The Jungle. | Upton Sinclair (or Upton Beall Sinclair, Jr.) |
| This man sought approval from Governor Daniel Courcelle to investigate Seneca legends of a "Vermilion Sea." This man was killed by the mutinous Pierre Duhaut [[doo- HOH]] after two years of wandering, following the destruction of the La Belle and an attempt to establish a settlement at what is now Victoria, Texas. This man had extended a journey taken ten years earlier by Marquette and Joliet. For ten points, name this French fur trader who canoed down most of the Mississippi River in 1682 and coined the name "Louisiana" while claiming the North American interior for France. | René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle |
| An experiment in this psychological tradition was co-run by Harvey Carr and was named for the sound made by a rat that continued to navigate a learned maze after a new barrier was placed. This school's idea of "chain of responses" was advanced following the Kerplunk experiment. Another experiment performed by a psychologist in this school used a loud noise and a Santa beard to teach Little Albert to fear white rats before seeing them. For ten points, John Watson and B.F. Skinner advocated what school of psychology in which all actions can be reduced to conditioning? | Behaviorism (or Behaviorist school) |
| Joel Barlow wrote an 1807 epic poem titled for this personification. This character unspools a telegraph line across the frontier in an 1872 painting by John Gast entitled American Progress. This character, who usually wears a Phrygian cap and a flowing white gown, was eventually displaced by symbols such as Uncle Sam. For ten points, identify this female personification of the United States that was common in the 19th century and was named for a 1490s explorer. | Columbia (or Lady Columbia; or Miss Columbia) |
| One of these people claimed to be bird-watching to explain the discovery of a uniquely-hinged pair of glasses. To disguise the origin of a ransom note, these people dumped a typewriter in the Jackson Park Lagoon. These people selected a culvert along the Pennsylvania Railroad tracks at Wolf Lake in Hammond, Indiana to dispose of the acid- marred body of Bobby Franks. For ten points, name this pair of Chicago students who attempted the "perfect murder" in 1924. | Leopold and Loeb (or Nathan Freudenthal Leopold, Jr. and Richard Albert Loeb) |
| In the wake of this period, 61 survivors attempted to abandon their colony but were intercepted and turned back at Mulberry Island by Francis West. This period occurred largely due to the failure of the "Third Supply" led by Christopher Newport's Sea Venture to reach beyond Bermuda following a storm. This period, which included incidents of cannibalism, was ended by the arrival of the new governor Baron De La Warr with provisions. For ten points, give this name for the winter beginning in late 1609 during which the Jamestown colony verged on failure due to a food shortage. | Starving Time (prompt on "Winter of 1609" and similar answers) |
| This ballet's first draft included an interpolation of Uncle Tom's Cabin and was called The House of Victory. In a section of this ballet, four "Worshippers" circle around a preacher, first played by Merce Cunningham, who makes jerky movements pointing towards an engaged couple. At the premiere of this ballet, the "pioneer woman" character was performed by its choreographer, Martha Graham. The seventh section of this ballet incorporates variations on Joseph Brackett's Shaker hymn "Simple Gifts." For ten points, name this ballet set in rural Pennsylvania by composer Aaron Copland. | Appalachian Spring |
| Northern outrage over this regulation is considered the main non-economic reason for the shift to Whig control of both chambers of Congress. The original form of this bylaw was the third Pinckney Resolution. John Quincy Adams devoted much of his post- presidential time in the Congress to repealing this bylaw, which was in place in various forms form 1836 to 1844 and, in its final form, forbade even receiving certain petitions. For ten points, name this House of Representatives rule prohibiting discussion of slavery. | Gag rule (prompt on descriptive answers involving prohibition of slavery discussions) |
| This man created a namesake play while coaching Frank Gifford as offensive coordinator of the New York Giants. In one of this head coach's most storied victories, he responded to a suggestion to run the "31 wedge" play by saying, "Run it, and let's get the hell out of here" to Bart Starr during the Ice Bowl. For ten points, name this coach who won the first two Super Bowls with the Green Bay Packers and is now the namesake of the Super Bowl championship trophy. | Vince Lombardi (or Vincent Thomas Lombardi; accept Vince Lombardi Trophy; accept Lombardi sweep) |
| In response to this incident, a 1778 treaty of alliance was revoked by Congress. The perpetrators of this incident were revealed to be Jean-Conrad Hottinguer [[hoh-ting-EHR]], Pierre Bellamy, and Lucien Hauteval [[hoh-teh-VAHL]], who were acting on behalf of Charles Talleyrand. This incident caused a breakdown in relations that led to the Quasi-War. For ten points, name this 1798 event in which French officials demanded bribes from American diplomats. | XYZ Affair (accept Quasi-War before "Hottinguer" is mentioned) |
| A program to aid this species resulted in the total extinction of a species of Colpocephalum [[kohl-poh-SEE-fuh-lum]] louse, which only existed as a parasite to this species and did not survive the cleaning of this species in captivity. A project regarding this species completed its first phase on Easter Sunday of 1987 with the capture of individual AC-9 and began releasing them back into the wild in 1991 at Big Sur. For ten points, name these enormous birds whose population slowly rebounded after dwindling to as few as 22 in the late 1980s, known to science as Gymnogyps californianus. | California condors |
| Programs originally broadcast on this network included a pioneering Black music program starring the Mills Brothers called Campus Revue and an early Disney collaboration, The Mickey Mouse Theater of the Air. This network divided its stations into more popular entertainment programming on "Red" stations and educational or experimental programming on "Blue" stations, the latter of which was eventually divested and became ABC. For ten points, name this major radio network that evolved into a television broadcaster with a peacock logo. | NBC Radio (or National Broadcasting Company) |
| During his last term in the Senate, this politician joined with California congressman Augustus Hawkins to sponsor a bill mandating full employment at age 16. This man's strong endorsement of a civil rights plank at the 1948 Democratic convention sparked the exodus of the Dixiecrats. This candidate did not enter any primaries against Eugene McCarthy prior to winning nomination at a brokered convention and selecting Ed Muskie as his running mate. For ten points, name this vice-president under Lyndon Johnson who was the losing Democratic presidential nominee in 1968. | Hubert H. Humphrey (or Hubert Horatio Humphrey, Jr.) |
| At an 1898 exhibition in Madison Square Garden, this man demonstrated his "teautomaton," [[toh-TOM-ah-tawn]] a working radio-controlled boat. A 1960 decision to name the unit of magnetic flux density after this man led to a revival of interest in his biography, including his "teleforce" device which puts an immense charge on tungsten and which this man called his "death beam." For ten points, name this inventor whose alternating current system prevailed over the DC system of his rival Thomas Edison. | Nikola Tesla (accept Tesla weapon) |
| What became the key demand of this meeting was originally objected to with the complaint "thee will make us ridiculous." This event began by lifting a child through a window to unlock the Wesleyan Methodist Chapel. Mary Ann M'Clintock's family drafted resolutions in preparation for this event. Amelia Bloomer, who arrived late to this event, supported focusing on anti-alcohol causes and thus did not endorse its Declaration of Sentiments. For ten points, name this 1848 gathering for women's rights in New York. | Seneca Falls Convention (prompt on "Woman's Rights Convention" and similar answers before mentioned) |
| During this movement, American missionary Frank Gamewell led the "Fighting Parsons." U.S. Ambassador Edwin Conger attempted to negotiate an end to this movement but ultimately had to be rescued by a "relief expedition." U.S. Marines defended the Methodist Mission during the early outbreak of violence from this movement at the Legation Quarter. Adna Chaffee commanded U.S. troops within the Eight-Nation Alliance that put down, for ten points, what anti-foreign uprising in the late Qing [[CHING]] Dynasty of China? | Boxer Rebellion (or Boxer Uprising) |
| Clayton Vogel's Amphibious Corps made the largest-scale use of these people following a suggestion from Philip Johnston. Terms such as "shark" and "iron fish" were used for words that these people could not produce organically such as "submarine." The strategy of using these people during the war against Japan proved so successful that their medium remains the only World War Two cipher that was never broken. For ten points, give this term for American Indians who communicated military information during the war by using difficult-to-learn indigenous languages. | Navajo code talkers [Editors note: Code talkers were used at many times in American history and came from a variety of American Indian groups, but all the clues in this question are about Navajo code talkers in World War Two.] |
| Izola Curry perpetrated a stabbing in this neighborhood in 1958. Kenneth Clark and Cyril deGrasse Tyson led HARYOU in this neighborhood, where 1965's Project Uplift responded to riots. The Apollo Theatre is located in this neighborhood, which was long represented in Congress by Adam Clayton Powell. Alain Locke was a leader of a movement named for this neighborhood that also included Countee Cullen and Langston Hughes. For ten points, name this Manhattan neighborhood that experienced a 1920s "Renaissance" in Black culture. | Harlem (accept Harlem Renaissance; accept Harlem Youth Opportunities Unlimited) |
| Several participants in this operation were executed at Pinaro del Rio before Brazilian president João Goulart negotiated an end to the killings of prisoners. Just prior to this operation, several incidents, such as the destruction of a department store in the El Encanto arson, occurred which may have been orchestrated to support this operation's goals. Brigade 2506, led by Pepe San Román, was at the forefront of this attempt to use mostly exiles recruited in Miami as CIA-trained operatives. For ten points, name this failed 1961 operation against the Cuban government. | Bay of Pigs Invasion (or Invasión de bahía de Cochinos; accept Playa Girón Invasion; accept Batalla de Girón) |
| This president suppressed a brief uprising involving the Kickapoo and Cherokee chief Bowl known as the Córdova Rebellion. Along with Mitt Romney and William Bibb, this man is one of three people to be elected governor of one state and senator from another. In a different position, this man was both the predecessor and successor of Mirabeau Bonaparte Lamar, as his short-lived country did not allow immediate re-election of presidents. For ten points, name this first president and later governor of Texas. | Sam Houston (or Samuel Houston) |
| Scientists aboard this vessel, such as Rick Husband, studied Ceratodon moss and several BRIC cannisters of C. elegans, one of which was found intact near this vessel's OEX recorder. This vessel was subject to foam shedding, which damaged the thermal protection tiles on its left wing. The destruction of this vessel left the ISS supplied only by Russian vehicles until the July 2005 return to service of Discovery. For ten points, name this vessel which disintegrated on re-entry during a 2003 mission. | Space Shuttle Columbia (prompt on "Space Shuttle") |
| This man opened a research institute called the Volta Bureau 21 years after Gardiner Greene Hubbard invited him to open a school in Boston for teaching the "Visible Speech System." Willard Bliss ignored this man's instructions to move a patient off a metal bedframe during his use of an induction balance metal detector to try to locate the bullet which killed James A. Garfield. This man's experiments around Brantford, Ontario proved the long-distance reliability of a device that he first used in Boston to announce, "Watson, come here, I need you." For ten points, name this credited inventor of the telephone. | Alexander Graham Bell |
| Francis Temple sold this island to John C. Frémont, who expected a huge payout when it was appropriated for military use by the Fillmore administration and engaged in a long lawsuit when that did not happen. Zealous Tower directed the building of a fort on this island, which was later used to house Creepy Karpis, Machine Gun Kelly, and Robert F. Stroud, who became known as the "Birdman of [this place]." For ten points, name this island off the coast of San Francisco that hosts a now-closed federal prison. | Alcatraz Island (accept Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary) |
| This company was led throughout the mid-20th century by future America First member Robert Wood, who oversaw a huge expansion of its physical footprint. This company pioneered the open-plan, windowless design with its landmark John Raben- designed store in Los Angeles and produced a special Christmas marketing tool called the Wishbook. This company sold in-house brands such as DieHard, Kenmore, and Craftsman prior to a decline that included its merger with Kmart. For ten points, name this department store chain that dominated mail-order sales with its namesake 20th-century "catalog." | Sears, Roebuck and Co. (accept Sears catalog) |
| An "Evening Institute" run by this organization became Northeastern University. Thomas Valentine Sullivan founded this organization in the U.S., and both William Morgan and James Naismith were working for this organization when they respectively invented volleyball and basketball. In the 1980s, this organization began removing its cheap dormitory accommodations which led to it being celebrated in a coded song by the Village People. For ten points, name this ecumenical Christian organization that operates physical fitness centers. | YMCA (or National Council of Young Men's Christian Associations of the United States of America; prompt on "Y") |
| At a debt-retiring ball the night before this event, Sammy Davis Jr. was warned to stay away due to Davis's plans to marry a white woman, an incident which caused Davis to become a Republican. A speech at this event asserted, "The torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans." After a blinding reflection off of snow prevented a man from reading the text of "Dedication" at this event, Robert Frost instead recited "The Gift Outright" from memory. For ten points, identify this January 1961 event at which a man stated, "Ask not what your country can do for you." | Inauguration of John F. Kennedy (accept answers referring to John F. Kennedy, or JFK, and his inauguration or being inaugurated) |
| This structure was proposed by the McMillan Commission, which suggested modeling it on the Roman Pantheon. Construction on this structure did not begin until 33 years later when a biography by Claude Bowers inspired FDR to add it to the Federal Triangle project. John Pope designed this complex on the Tidal Basin of the Potomac River, which contains a bronze statue by Rudulph Evans. For ten points, name this structure which contains inscribed excerpts of the Declaration of Independence written by its honoree. | Jefferson Memorial (prompt on "Thomas Jefferson") |
| Court cases discussing this practice often cited the Edgerton precedent and were extended to a related reading practice in Abingdon v. Schempp. 1985's Wallace v. Jaffree case struck down an Alabama law authorizing this practice but approved of another law instituting a "moment of silence." A text authorized by the New York Regents was at issue in the first case to strike down this practice under the Establishment Clause. For ten points, name this practice first regulated in Engel v. Vitale which involved teachers leading classes in reciting a text beginning with "Almighty God." | Teacher-led Public School prayer (accept answers involving prayer in public schools; prompt on "prayer") |
| These vehicles became much safer after the Babcock & Wilcox model of a crucial component was introduced to replace the "firetube." State-granted monopolies on operating these vehicles were the subject of the Gibbons v. Ogden case. A call used aboard these vessels to communicate depth is the origin of the name "Mark Twain," who wrote about piloting these vessels in Life on the Mississippi. For ten points, name these vessels whose practical American version was invented by Robert Fulton. | Steamboats (accept Steamships; prompt on "boats" or "ships") |
| The victors at this battle advanced on the enemy capital to begin the Runaway Scrape. Robert Potter attempted to intervene in this confrontation by marching delegates to this clash from an independence convention. An enslaved man named Joe was spared after this battle in order to spread the word that its victors supported abolition. James Bowie, William Travis, and Davy Crockett were among the defenders who died at this battle fought in present-day San Antonio. For ten points, name this battle that ended in March 1836 with Santa Anna's massacre of Texas defenders at a mission. | Battle of the Alamo |
| During this action, a man entered the offices of the National Intelligencer and destroyed all type of the letter "C." This action was implemented under Robert Ross, who likely intended to mitigate Alexander Cochrane's orders to "destroy and lay waste" but was forced to end this action early due to the arrival of a hurricane-force storm. The British victory at the "Bladensburg races" opened the door for this action. For ten points, name this event during the War of 1812, during which Dolly Madison orchestrated the rescue of paintings from the White House. | Burning of Washington, D.C. (accept Burningof D.C or District of Columbia; accept burning of the White House before "White House" is mentioned) |
| A man who held this office for 15 years in the 21st century was indicted as a result of attempts to remove Rosemary Lehmberg as a district attorney. This office was held by the populist embezzlers Ma and Pa Ferguson and by a man who named his daughter Ima Hogg. A future holder of this office gave a keynote speech at the 1988 Democratic National Convention which used the phrase "that dog won't hunt" to describe "billions for tanks that won't fire." The winner of the 2000 presidential election resigned from, for ten points, what state executive office held in the 1990s by Ann Richards and George W. Bush. | Governor of Texas (prompt on "governor") |
| A 1999 court case affirmed a copyright on this speech, which cannot be reproduced in full without license until 2038. This speech uses metaphors of a "promissory note" and a "bad check," which its audience has now "come to cash." In 2015, the caretakers of Stone Mountain considered installing a bell at the monument in reference to a line from this speech, which looks towards a time when the speaker's children will be "judged . . . by the content of their character." For ten points, name this speech given at the March on Washington by Martin Luther King, Jr. | "I Have a Dream" (prompt on answers involving MLK's speech at the March on Washington) |
| During this war, Hobart Gay planned a surprise landing of troops called Operation Chromite. Gay also ordered the destruction of the refugee-packed Waegwan Bridge during a period of skepticism of refugees during this war that also included the No Gun Ri massacre. Task Force Lynch led the advance out of the Pusan Perimeter shortly after the amphibious landing at Incheon during this war. For ten points, name this war which ended with the division of an Asian peninsula into a U.S.-allied South and a Communist North under Kim Il Sung. | Korean War |