| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The tyrant Peisistratos [[pye-see-STRAH-tohs]] recalled this military figure's father, Cimon [[KYE-mohn]] Coalemos, from exile after Cimon dedicated his chariot victory in the Olympics to that politician. Political rivals used this man's failed expedition to Paros to have him jailed where he died of gangrenous wounds suffered at the hands of the Persians. This strategos [[strah-TEH-gohs]] defeated Datis and Artaphernes at a battle which ended Darius the Great's invasion of Greece. For the point, name this Athenian general, the victor at the Battle of Marathon. | Miltiades the Younger |
| In this period, the refusal to arrest Major Vojislav Tankosić [[YOY-ih-slahf tahn- KOH-sitch]] and dissolve the Narodna Odbrana led to an increase in world tension. Edward Grey's failure during this period to prevent the outbreak of war led to his quote "The lamps are going out all over Europe. We shall not see them lit again in our time." Minister of War Erich von Falkenhayn and Secretary Arthur Zimmerman backed a "Blank Cheque" by Kaiser Wilhelm issued during this period, committing the German Empire to war. An ultimatum from Austria-Hungary to Serbia following the death of Archduke Franz Ferdinand occurred during, for the point, which "Crisis" prior to the outbreak of World War One? | July Crisis (prompt on descriptive answers like "the fallout from the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand"; prompt on "lead-up to (or outbreak of) World War One" until mentioned) |
| Despite praising it, Robert Remini claimed that a speech about this program was riddled with “statistical errors” and “wrongheadedness about Southern interests.” A desire to bolster commerce and transportation led to this plan’s proposal of canals that were part of a set of “internal improvements.” The passing of the Tariff of 1816 and the creation of the Second Bank of the United States are considered major wins for this policy program. For the point, name this Whig economic plan introduced by Henry Clay. | American System (prompt on "American School") |
| Thomson's Lamp is a supertask that tests a postulate created by a philosopher with this name, one of whose theories was tested by Archimedes through his "method of exhaustion." Another man with this name from Cyprus taught from the "Painted Porch" on the north side of the Athenian Agora. A follower of the Eleatic School with this name defended his mentor, Parmenides, in a set of namesake paradoxes that claimed that motion is an illusion. For the point, give this name of two Greek philosophers, including one from Citium [[KIT-ee-um]] who founded Stoicism. | Zeno (accept Zeno of Citium; accept Zeno of Elea) |
| In the aftermath of this conspiracy, the firebrand judge Roland Freisler used the "People's Court" for public show trials. Despite coming into contact with known plotter Johannes Popitz, Heinrich Himmler did nothing to stop this conspiracy, as he believed the ongoing war to be unwinnable. This plot, which occurred in East Prussia, began when a bomb in a briefcase was placed in a meeting room in an attempt to kill the Führer. Claus von Stauffenberg led, for the point, which 1944 attempt to kill Hitler in the Wolf's Lair, which led to the death of Erwin Rommel? | Operation Valkyrie (or Unternehmen Walküre; accept July Plot; or 20 July 1944) |
| Entries like “Cengunmé” and “Sokaku-Reibo” were included in these objects. Ann Druyan’s brainwaves were included in these things, which also feature Jon Lomberg’s “Diagram of vertebrate evolution.” The inclusion of Chuck Berry’s “Johnny B. Goode” was a source of controversy regarding these objects, which bear similarity to the Pioneer plaques. Resembling time capsules, the creation of these items was supported by Carl Sagan. For the point, name these objects depicting human life that were sent as part of a namesake 1977 space mission. | Voyager Golden Records (prompt on partial answer) |
| Corporate raider Carl Icahn [["ICON"]] acquired this company in a leveraged buyout in 1988. This company sponsored the Moonliner at Disneyland, and it was originally founded to fly Ford Trimotors between New York and Los Angeles. The explosion of this company's Flight 800 resulted in a four year investigation on suspicion of terrorism. A terminal designed by Eero Saarinen for this company at JFK Airport was converted into a hotel in 2019. For the point, name this formerly Howard Hughes-owned airline that was acquired by American in 2001. | Trans World Airlines (or TWA) |
| During this war, Operation Hiroshima was an offensive by mercenaries led by Taffy Williams to capture the city of Onitsha. While jailed for being a dissident during this war, Wole Soyinka wrote several protest poems on toilet paper. Political dominance by the Muslim Hausa-Fulani people led to this conflict, which began when officer Odumegwu Ojukwu [[oh-duh-MEHG-woo oh-JOO-kwoo]] revolted against a Lagos-based government. A namesake Igbo breakaway region agitated for independence in, for the point, which 1960s war in southeastern Nigeria? | Biafra War (accept Nigerian-Biafran War; accept Nigerian Civil War before "Nigeria" is mentioned) |
| Prior to this battle, Conservative leader Juan Almonte issued a proclamation that the invading side was benevolent. The winning side of this battle was pursued by Charles de Lorencez, who had defeated them in the earlier Battle of Acultzingo. This battle was fought between the hills containing Fort Loreto and Fort Guadalupe. In this battle, Ignacio Zaragoza defeated a better-equipped force that had marched from Veracruz. For the point, name this morale-boosting battle from the French invasion of Mexico, celebrated in the holiday Cinco de Mayo. | Battle of Puebla (or Batalla de Puebla) |
| A company founded by this man employed steamboat captain Joseph LaBarge and used a ship called the Macedonian as part of this man's opium ventures. The Robert Stuart House served as a key location for this organization on Mackinac [[MAK-in-naw]] Island. An estate that constituted nearly one percent of the U.S. GDP was left by this man, who is considered America’s earliest multimillionaire. A port city in Oregon is named after this man, who made his fortune trading the product of trappers. For the point, name this German-born founder of the American Fur Company. | John Jacob Astor (or Johann Jakob Astor) |
| Michael Hillegas [[HILL-eh-gass]] was the first person to hold this position under the Articles of Confederation. Harry Truman appointed Georgia Neese Clark as the first woman to this position, and she was succeeded by Ivy Baker Priest. Jovita Carranza [[hoh- VEE-tah kah-RAHN-zah]] resigned from this position in 2020 to lead the Small Business Administration. It's not the Secretary of the Treasury, but this person's signature appears on U.S. banknotes. For the point, name this government position responsible for overseeing the Bureau of Engraving & Printing and the U.S. Mint. | Treasurer of the United States (or U.S. Treasurer; do not accept or prompt on "treasury secretary" or "Secretary of the Treasury") |
| A fizzled coup against this man's government was supported by British general Alfred Knox. The Kornilov Affair may have attempted to overthrow this man, who became the head of government following the July Days that forced the resignation of Georgy Lvov. A July 1917 operation named for this man was the last Russian offensive in World War One, commanded by Aleksei Brusilov. The Bolsheviks overthrew, for the point, which head of the Russian Provisional Government? | Alexander Kerensky (or Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky; accept Kerensky Offensive) |
| With technical support from Hezbollah, this faction launched its propaganda wing through the television channel Almasirah. This movement, which is dominated by the theology of the Zaidi [[ZAY-dee]] sect of Shia Islam, assassinated former president and one- time ally Ali Abdullah Saleh on claims of treason. This movement established the Supreme Political Council after seizing the Presidential Palace and forcing Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi to flee to neighboring Saudi Arabia. For the point, name this Islamist political movement led by a namesake Yemeni tribe that conquered Sana'a in 2014. | Houthis (or Houthi Movement; accept Ansar Allah; prompt on "Supreme Political Council") |
| Saint Gobnait [[GOB-nat]] supposedly hurled skeps used in this industry to ward off cattle thieves stealing from her Cork convent. In the treatise "Golden Rules of Business Success," political figure Fan Li suggested using wooden boxes in this discipline to increase the quality of a certain foodstuff. In the early 20th century, the Isle of Wight experienced the first well-recorded instance of "Colony Collapse Disorder," wiping out much of this industry. Honey is a byproduct of, for the point, which form of animal husbandry? | Beekeeping (accept word forms and descriptive answers involving Bees; accept Apiculture; accept Apiary) |
| The spacesuit of this man was repossessed over claims he never returned it after bringing it to a show-and-tell. A 2021 video analysis of a certain vessel's splashdown suggested that an electrical discharge caused a hatch to burst rather than being manually released by this man. This man said, “How are we gonna get to the moon if we can’t talk between two or three buildings?” before dying in a fire during a pre-launch test. A pilot for Project Mercury and Project Gemini, for the point, which astronaut died while commanding the never-launched Apollo 1? | Virgil "Gus" Grissom (or Virgil Ivan Grissom) |
| In October 2021, a museum dedicated to this event was dedicated by President Emmanuel Macron. This event was sparked after a housekeeper named “Madame Bastian” discovered a torn-up note in the trash addressed to Max von Schwartzkoppen. The central figure of this event was pardoned by President Émile Loubet [[loo-BEH]] after spending over four years imprisoned on Devil's Island. Condemned by Émile Zola in the article J’accuse...!, for the point, what polarizing affair involved a French artillery officer of Jewish descent who was convicted of treason? | Dreyfus Affair (or L'affaire Dreyfus; accept descriptive answers involving the affair surrounding Alfred Dreyfus) |
| A monk wrote the Ormulum in this language, interpreting how the homily should be given during Mass. The development of William Caxton's printing press led to the transition of this language to its "Early Modern" counterpart due to standardization. This language began to undergo the "Great Vowel Shift" in the 14th and 15th centuries, changing how long vowels were pronounced. The Canterbury Tales were written in, for the point, what language, influenced by both Norse and Norman French? | Middle English (prompt on "English"; do not prompt on or accept "Old English") |
| The artist of this work chose to forgo a list of names the subject had in their possession and replaced it with a letter that said, “Given that I am unhappy, I have a right to your help.” The person who committed the act depicted in this work had her own portrait painted by a National Guard officer hours before her execution. Although not specifically shown in this painting, the subject of this work suffered from dermatitis herpetiformis which required medicinal soaks. For the point, what 1793 painting by Jacques-Louis David depicts a French revolutionary leader after his murder by Charlotte Corday? | The Death of Marat (or La Mort de Marat; or Marat Assassiné) |
| Ethnic tensions between this leader's group and an Asian federation's Bumiputeras led to his country's expulsion from that union in the midst of a confrontation with Sukarno's Indonesia. This leader founded the People's Action Party, and despite controversies such as his lawsuits against political opponents, was credited with enabling his country, whose symbols include the merlion and red dot, to "enter the first world" in his lifetime. For the point, name this founder and first Prime Minister of Singapore. | Lee Kuan Yew (or Harry Lee Kuan Yew; accept Harry Lee; accept LKY; prompt on "Yew") |
| Guy S. Hopkins wrote a hoax letter suggesting this person was a part of a plan to overthrow the government. Opponents of this person ridiculed his alcoholism and referred to him as the “hero of many a well-fought bottle.” Under the guidance of State Secretary William Marcy, this politician’s administration published a document pushing for the U.S. annexation of Cuba, the Ostend Manifesto. This politician failed to become a second term president when he was defeated by his Minister to the United Kingdom, James Buchanan. For the point, what fourteenth president of the United States signed the Kansas-Nebraska Act? | Franklin Pierce |
| A KGB-led disinformation campaign against this man's regime, named Operation TOUCAN, included the forging of a CIA letter approving a hit on a New York Times journalist by DINA. The "Coalition of Parties for NO" formed in the late 1980s in an attempt to peacefully replace this man. On his 60th birthday, the CIA launched Operation Condor to suppress left-wing movements in this man's nation and neighboring Argentina. The overthrow of Salvador Allende [[ah-YEHN-deh]] was carried out by, for the point, which Chilean dictator? | Augusto Pinochet [[pee-noh-SHEH]] (accept Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte) |
| In a diary entry, this leader wrote of his adversary, “He has a soft-as-cotton outer layer but at the same time has sharp needles hiding inside,” before saying, “He will be crushed inside my palm.” With the help of the Blue Shirts Society and the CC Clique, this figure and his wife led the Neo-Confucian New Life Movement. Over 3,000 critics were executed as a result of martial law imposed by this leader in an event known as the White Terror. For the point, what “Generalissimo” fled to Taiwan after losing to Mao Zedong in the Chinese Civil War? | Chiang Kai-shek (accept Chiang Chung-cheng; accept Chiang Chieh-shih; accept Cheung Kai-shek; accept Jiang Jieshi; prompt on "Kai-shek"; prompt on "Generalissimo" before mentioned) |
| This amendment was the subject of a decision written by Chief Justice Earl Warren in the case Trop v. Dulles. This amendment was referenced in the case Weems v. United States, in which the plaintiff was charged with falsifying an official document. In the case United States v. Bajakajian, the Supreme Court held that forfeiting over $350,000 violated a clause in this amendment. For the point, what amendment protects American citizens from “excessive fines” and “cruel and unusual punishments”? | Eighth Amendment |
| A valley named after this group was excavated by a French painter named Paul Jamot [[zhah-MOH]], where he discovered that the sanctuary there also had a theatre. Pythagoras advised the people of Croton to build a shrine emulating this group in the middle of the city in order to promote learning. The main cult of these beings was based in Mount Helicon in Boeotia [[bee-OH-shah]]. Including Terpsichore [[terp-SIK-oh-ree]], Polyhymnia, and Clio, for the point, what nine “inspirational” goddesses in Greek mythology presided over the arts? | Muses |
| As a result of this treaty, the southern half of Sakhalin [[SAH-kah-leen]] Island was awarded to the victorious nation. This treaty gave one country the Liaodong [LEE-OW- DONG]] Peninsula in Manchuria, though that country's public expected more due to their overwhelming victories at battles like Tsushima Strait. For brokering this treaty, which the parties signed in Kittery, Maine, U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt received the Nobel Peace Prize. For the point, name this treaty signed in 1905 that ended the Russo-Japanese War. | Treaty of Portsmouth |
| During this war, Captain William Bainbridge, commander of the USS Retaliation, surrendered after he mistakingly believed the ships he encountered were his allies. One of those ships was eventually captured by Captain Thomas Truxton, commander of the USS Constellation, and was taken as a prize to Saint Kitts during this war. Diplomats Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, John Marshall, and Elbridge Gerry’s failed attempt to meet Talleyrand led to this war. Ended by the Treaty of Mortefontaine, for the point, what undeclared naval war was fought between the United States and France? | Quasi-War (or Quasi-guerre; prompt on answers such as "undeclared naval war with France" before "France" is mentioned) |
| In this country, one leader gave the Apopa sermon following the deportation of Mario Londono. A U.N. Truth Commission held the Atlacatl [[aht-lah-KAH-tul]] Battalion responsible for a massacre that killed roughly 800 inhabitants in this county’s village of El Mozote. The killing of Rutilio Grande in this country prompted liberation theologian, Archbishop Óscar Romero, to refuse to attend state occasions. A violent 1979 to 1992 civil war was fought in, for the point, what country between Guatemala and Honduras? | Republic of El Salvador (accept República de El Salvador) |
| An early example of these objects at the Metropolitan Museum of Art was created in Cremona by Andrea Amati and named for "Charles IX [[the Ninth]]." The Guarneri and Rugeri [[roo-GEH-ree]] families were known for manufacturing these objects in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. The "Messiah" is perhaps the most pristine of some 650 surviving examples of these instruments produced by a man who used dark varnish and intricate carvings. For the point, name these string instruments, whose notable creators include Antonio Stradivari. | Violins (or Fiddle; accept Amati before mentioned; prompt on "Stradivarius") |
| One of these objects, eventually used as a birdhouse, was developed by Lester Wire based on a British system. Ashville, Ohio claims to have had the oldest working example of these objects, which was in service for fifty years. William Potts developed an innovation of these devices by utilizing an "amber" light. The Acme Corporation built the first of these devices in Los Angeles, supplementing their most notable element with signs saying "Stop" and "Go." In 1922, African-American inventor Garrett Morgan patented, for the point, what technology used to regulate car flow on roads? | Traffic Lights (or Traffic Signals; accept Stoplights) |
| A propaganda tale during the First World War claimed Sergeant Harry Band suffered this form of punishment at the hands of German soldiers during the Battle of Ypres [[ee-PRAH]]. In Tokugawa Japan, Haritsuke was the practice of thrusting spears into criminals during this form of punishment. Six thousand participants of the Third Servile War were punished in this manner along the Appian Way. The most famous symbol of Christianity was used for, for the point, which form of capital punishment traditionally suffered by Jesus? | Crucifixion (or Crucifying; accept word forms; accept any mention of Cross) |
| Description acceptable. The person who gave this speech said it was an honor to have known Jacob Ruppert, a former representative from New York. Existing film snippets only capture four sentences of this speech. The first number to have ever been retired in baseball history occurred the same day this speech was given, and this speech is often referred to as “baseball’s Gettysburg Address.” Given on the speaker’s “Appreciation Day,” for the point, what speech was given by a New York Yankees first baseman on July 4, 1939? | "Luckiest man on the face of the earth" speech (accept equivalents to Lou Gehrig’s farewell address or Lou Gehrig’s retirement speech) |
| Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper ran an 1858 exposé on this good showing how the use of swill left over from distilleries in its production led to the deaths of over 8,000 children per year. Nancy Lincoln, the mother of Abraham Lincoln, died after consuming this product from an animal that had eaten a white snakeroot plant. For the point, name this nutrient-rich liquid product whose condensed form was developed in the U.S. by Gail Borden. | Cow's Milk (accept Condensed Milk; accept Borden's Milk) |
| During this royal's reign, the Awbridge silver penny was introduced to combat inflation after a series of civil wars. This man rebuffed an attempt for the French King Philip II Augustus to to be both the guardian of his deceased son's family and the territory of Brittany. With support from his father-in-law Louis VII [[the seventh]], Henry the Young King attempted to seize the English throne from this man during the Great Revolt. The husband of Eleanor of Aquitaine and father of Richard the Lionhearted was, for the point, which Plantagenet who brought the Angevin Empire to the height of its territorial extent? | Henry II (accept Henry Curtmantle) |
| Antiochus [[ahn-TYE-oh-kus]] IV Epiphanes's puppet leader, the High Priest Jason, constructed one of these facilities in the Temple of Jerusalem, partially motivating the Maccabean Revolt. Plato claims the only two subjects an Athenian boy needed in his curricula were "Music and" access to this facility. In Delphi, wrestling schools known as the Palaestra were often constructed to adjoin these facilities. Training for Public Games occurred at, for the point, which Ancient Greek facility where men exercised in the nude? | Gymnasium (accept Gymnasia; prompt on "Palaestra" before mentioned) |
| This one-time colony experienced widespread race riots after Police Constable Beesoo was killed by a Creole gang, who went on ransack the village of Souillac [[soo- LAHK]]. Along with the Seychelles, the Chagossian Islanders were forcibly relocated to this nation in an effort by the UK to build a military base on Diego Garcia. Due to island tameness, a native bird of this island called the Dodo was hunted into extinction after its discovery by Europeans in the 16th and 17th century. For the point, name this country, the highest on the human development index in Africa, governed from Port Louis. | Republic of Mauritius (or République de Maurice; or Repiblik Moris) |
| Politician Vilhelm Knorin wrote a "Short Course" history of this nation that was used in schools until it was repudiated in the speech "On the Cult of Personality and its Consequences." The fall of this nation led Francis Fukuyama to write The End of History and the Last Man, postulating an end to ideological evolution. Historiographical works were published in the Political Journal through the samizdat, a form of underground publishing in this nation. Native historian Roy Medvedev published a critique of, for the point, which nation, once led by Joseph Stalin? | Soviet Union (or USSR; or Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; or CCCP; prompt on "Russia") |