| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In Curee, Emile Zola argues this man nourished "one hundred thousand earth movers and stone masons" with one of his projects. Through Credit Focier [[kreh-DEE foh- SYEH]], this designer funded the demolition of older neighborhoods in the Île de la Cité [[eel-duh-lah-see-TEH]] in favor of buildings like the Tribunal of Commerce. As Prefect of the Seine [[SEHN]], this man introduced advertising columns known as Colonne Morris, and he created the Place de l'Étoile [[leh-TWAHL]], a road junction around the Arc d' Triomphe. For the point, name this Frenchman of German descent who undertook the urban renewal of Paris during the the reign of Napoleon III. | Baron Haussmann (or Georges-Eugène Haussmann) |
| A Puerto Rican street gang in the 1950s adopted this movement's name after viewing the Sidney Poitier [[pwah-TYEH]] movie Something of Value, which is set during this colonial struggle. The protagonist Mugo becomes a hero of this movement after undertaking a hunger strike in a detention center in the novel A Grain of Wheat by native son Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o [[neh-GOO-gee wah-tee-AHN-goh]]. Members of this Kikuyu- dominated political movement were targeted in the Hola massacre after being clubbed to death by British guards. Operation Anvil depopulated Nairobi of, for the point, what political faction which vied for Kenyan independence? | Mau Mau movement (or Mau Mau Rebellion; accept KLFA; or KANU) |
| This battle was part of a larger campaign that sought to avenge the losses of territorial governor Arthur St. Clair. This battle, which was fought along the Maumee River, led to the defeat of Chiefs Little Turtle and Blue Jacket. The Treaty of Greenville was signed following the aftermath of this battle, which ended the Northwest Indian War. For the point, identify this 1794 battle in which Anthony Wayne defeated a confederacy of Native Americans. | Battle of Fallen Timbers |
| After the Achaean League general Diaeus [[dee-AY-ooss]] set up camp here following the Battle of Scarpheia, this city was razed by Lucius Mummius. The first meeting of the Hellenic League, formed by Philip of Macedon against Persia following the Battle of Chaeronea [[kay-ruh-NAY-uh]], was held at this city, which sometimes gives the league its name. The King's Peace ended a war named for this city that broke out shortly after the Peloponnesian War and pitted Sparta against a Greek-Persian alliance. Tyrants such as Periander of the Cypselid dynasty ruled, for the point, what Greek city that hosted the Isthmian Games? | Corinth (or Kórinthos; accept League of Corinth) |
| Ekoji I founded a kingdom subservient to this empire and attempted to seize the Coleroon River region from his brother, a ruler of this realm named Shivaji. With assistance from the Rohilla, the Pashtun Durrani Empire halted this state's expansion during the Third Battle of Panipat. A refusal to accept the results of the Battle of Wadagon led to this Hindu empire's first war with the British East India company. The Peshwa ruled, for the point, what Confederacy which eclipsed the Mughals in power on the Indian subcontinent in the 18th century? | Maratha Confederacy (or Maratha Empire) |
| Though this man was nominally Pasteur Bizimungu's vice president, he held the real power of his country during two wars against his country's large western neighbor, once called Zaire. This man led a rebellion from Uganda and opposed the hate speech of RTLM and the Interahamwe militia. This man's country has been referred to as the "Singapore of Africa" for its recovery after the brutal 1994 massacres of the Tutsi people, of which this man is a member. For the point, name this president of Rwanda since 2000. | Paul Kagame [[kah-GAH-meh]] |
| The U.S. Socialist Workers Party published an article concerning an attempt at this action titled The Murder of Bob Harte. Muralist David Alfaro Siqueiros [[see-KEH-rohss]] made an attempt at this action with NKVD agent Joseph Grigulevich, resulting in the target's nephew, Esteban, being shot in the foot. A Spanish-born agent successfully committed this action, for which he was awarded the Order of Lenin by Leonid Brezhnev [[BRESH-nehf]]. Ramón Mercader [[rah-MOHN mehr-KAH-dehr]] used an ice-axe to commit, for the point, what 1940 hit-job on a rival of Joseph Stalin in Mexico? | Assassination of Leon Trotsky (accept equivalents like killing Trotsky; accept Lev Bronstein in place of Leon Trotsky) |
| Two answers required. A planned invasion of one of these countries by the other was known as Operation Sovereignty. The de-escalation of an arms race between these two countries was a goal of the Pacts of May. During the Baltimore Crisis, a minister in one of these countries offered the U.S. access to a base in Salta in order to attack the other. During the Snipe incident, the navy of one of these countries attacked the other's lighthouse in the Beagle Channel. For the point, name these two countries which fought over colonization of Patagonia. | Argentina and Chile (accept Argentine Republic or República Argentina in place of Argentina; accept Republic of Chile or República de Chile in place of Chile) |
| After clerking for Arthur Goldberg, this justice served as a fact-checker for the Warren Commission. In a 2005 book, this justice reinterpreted two central concepts of an Isaiah Berlin essay. This author of Active Liberty authored a 2021 opinion in which he found that Google’s copying of 0.4% of the Java code constituted “fair use." This man rose to the Supreme Court as Harry Blackmun’s successor in 1994. For the point, name this Supreme Court Justice who in January 2022 announced his plan to retire. | Stephen Breyer (or Stephen Gerald Breyer) |
| Following the call for an armistice during this war, Guiseppe Garbaldi said the one word phrase "Obbedisco" [[oh-beh-DEE-skoh]], or "I Obey!" following the Battle of Bezzecca [[beh-TSEH-kah]]. This war's Treaty of London gave back the region of Venetia and Frulia to the Kingdom of Italy. One side's deployment of infantry wielding needle guns allowed Helmuth von Moltke's forces to outgun their opponent in this war's Battle of Königgrätz [[KEHR-nih-grahts]]. A dispute over Schleswig-Holstein led to, for the point, what war between the North German Confederation and the Habsburg monarchy? | Austro-Prussian War (accept the Seven Weeks' War) |
| This person was represented by Fred Gray in one case, alongside fellow plaintiffs Marie Louise Smith and Susie McDonald. That case sued W. A. Gayle, mayor of a city where this woman performed a notable action nine months before a similar incident. This plaintiff in Browder v. Gayle was likely unsupported by the wider Civil Rights movement due to being unmarried and pregnant. For the point, name this woman who refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery, Alabama bus before Rosa Parks. | Claudette Colvin (or Claudette Austin) |
| In this nation, a protest erupted outside the headquarters of the Construction, Forestry, Maritime, Mining, and Energy Union in response to the vaccine mandate placed on construction workers. The Minister for the Environment of this nation was taken to court by a group of teenagers and a nun to halt the expansion of the Vickery coal mine. Alex Hawke rejected an athlete’s visa to this country because he was “a talisman of anti-vaccination sentiment.” Novak Djokovic [[JOH-koh-vitch]] was deported from, for the point, what country led by Prime Minister Scott Morrison? | Commonwealth of Australia |
| This man's father-in-law, Lucius Aemilius Paullus, legendarily killed the mercenary captain Viriathus. This man's tombstone, which reads "Ungrateful fatherland, you will not even have my bones," was erected due to bitterness at his exile from Rome after being falsely charged with taking bribes from Antiochus the Great. The death of this man's father at Upper Baetis by Hasdrubal prompted this general to undertake the Hispania campaign of the Second Punic War. For the point, name this victor at Zama who was given the honorific Africanus. | Scipio Africanus the Elder (or Scipio Africanus Major; accept Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus; accept Scipio alone after "Africanus" is mentioned) |
| With fellow abolitionist Granville Sharp, this man made a 1777 plea to the Crown of England to end its protracted "War in Thirteen Colonies." This man, who refused the governorship of the Carolinas, defeated an invasion by the Spanish under Antonio Barba at the Battle of Bloody Marsh during the War of Jenkins' Ear. This man advocated for an excise tax on malt liquor to fund a comprehensive reform of the prison system of England while head of the Gaols [["JAILS"]] Committee. Georgia was founded as a debtor's colony by, for the point, which British member of Parliament? | James Edward Oglethorpe |
| With assistance from the BfV, this agency killed liaison officer Atef Bseiso [[beh- SEH-soh]] while in Paris despite the recent Oslo Accord negotiations. This organization successfully orchestrated the death of Ali Hassan Salameh, the Red Prince, during the larger "Operation Wrath of God." This agency undertook an extrajudicial operation which captured and led to the execution of Adolf Eichmann after he was discovered hiding in Argentina. For the point, name this intelligence agency of the State of Israel. | Mossad |
| This man was said to have saved three innocent men from execution by pushing the executioner’s sword to the ground. The medieval tradition in which a boy parodies a bishop, takes control of the cathedral, and performs clerical duties was in celebration of this man. One tradition observed in the Netherlands during this man’s “Feast” involves children putting carrots and hay in their shoes as gifts for his horse. For the point, what Bishop of Myra is the patron saint of children and the inspiration for Santa Claus? | Saint Nicholas of Myra (or Nicholas of Bari; or Sint-Nicolaas; or Sankt Nikolaus; accept Saint Nick; accept “Bishop of Myra” before mentioned) |
| During this event, former medic Donald Hohman went on a month-long hunger strike. Prime Minister of Canada Joe Clark allowed an Order of Council letting Canadian passports be issued to some American citizens during this event. Operation Eagle Claw was a failed attempt to end this event, which was perpetrated by a Muslim student organization under the influence of Ayatollah Khomeini. The Election of Ronald Reagan influenced the end of, for the point, which "Crisis" caused by a takeover of the U.S. embassy in Tehran? | Iran Hostage Crisis |
| In a speech about this conflict, Wilhelm II declared that a certain group “will [never] ever again dare to look cross-eyed at a German.” Some of the clauses in a “Protocol” ending this conflict included an apology to the German emperor for Baron von Ketteler’s assassination and the destruction of the Taku Forts. This conflict was formally ordered by Empress Dowager Cixi [[SEE-SHEE]]. Won by the Eight-Nation Alliance, for the point, what anti-foreign “Rebellion” in China was named after the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists? | Boxer Rebellion (or Boxer Uprising; or Boxer Resurrection; or Yihetuan Movement) |
| A draft of this proposal mentioned that members of the House of Representatives would hold three-year terms while those in the Senate would have seven-year terms. This proposal was presented by Edmund Randolph as a fifteen-point resolution to the Constitutional Convention in 1787. Drafted by James Madison, for the point, what proposal, later countered by the New Jersey Plan, advocated for the establishment of a bicameral legislature and three branches of government? | Virginia Plan (accept Large-State Plan; accept Randolph Plan before “Edmund Randolph” is mentioned) |
| One of these locations was the birthplace of a character who steals a necklace from a child and reconnects with her "Lancashire husband." Most of Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur [[dahr-TUHR]] was likely written at one of these locations. The protagonist's mother "pleads the belly" while at one of these places in Moll Flanders. A resident of one of these places wrote a letter to the son of the Marquess of Queensbury and a poem that notes, "Each man kills the thing he loves." For the point, name these locations about which Oscar Wilde wrote while facing punishment for homosexuality. | Prisons (accept Jails or Gaols; accept specific prisons like Newgate Prison or Reading Gaol) |
| Much of this nation's territory was gained from the Tati Concessions by Matabele king Lobengula [[loh-BEN-goo-lah]] for arms and gold bullion. Stellaland was a failed Boer state established in this modern-day nation, which was supported by the Transvaal Republic until the Warren Expedition captured Mafeking [[mah-feh-KING]]. Most of Namibia's Herero people fled to this modern nation after facing systemic genocide by German occupiers. Known as Bechuanaland under British colonial rule, for the point, what is this African nation governed from Gabarone? | Republic of Botswana (or Lefatshe la Botswana; accept Bechuanaland before mentioned) |
| The U.S. government created special coins which could not transmit this disease for the Palo Seco region of the Panama Canal Zone. The term "Lazaretto," a medieval location used to isolate potential plague victims, derives its name from the biblical Lazarus the Beggar, who was affected by this disease. King Kamehameha V created a "colony" for people effected by this disease on the island of Kalaupapa, which is where Saint Damien of Molokai served afflicted people. Wild armadillos can spread, for the point, what historically persecuted disease which causes skin lesions? | Leprosy (accept Lepers; accept Leper colony) |
| This opera's title character notes, "They were all lying! All of them!" after realizing that a ship is the USS Abraham Lincoln. The aria "Dovunque [[doh-VOON-keh]] al Mondo" features motifs of the "Star-Spangled Banner" in this opera. That motif in this opera accompanies a character who marries Kate, prompting the protagonist to give her son an American flag and kill herself. For the point, name this Giacomo Puccini opera about a woman who marries American Lieutenant B.F. Pinkerton, Cio-Cio [[CHO-CHO]] San. | Madama Butterfly (accept Madame Butterfly) |
| Anchored off the coast of this non-U.S. city, the U.S. Navy lost the USS Memphis after 70-foot rogue waves wrecked it during repairs. Rear Admiral William Caperton's threats to bombard this city led the government of Desiderio Arias to flee, leading to an eight-year U.S. occupation. U.S. agents supported Joaquín Balaguer [[wah-KEEN bah-lah-GEHR]] loyalists who fought for control of this city after the death of a leader who committed the Parsley Massacre. For the point, name this city from which Rafael Trujillo [[troo-HEE-yoh]] ruled the Dominican Republic. | Santo Domingo |
| While facing a paternity suit against Joan Berry, this man was charged by the FBI under J. Edgar Hoover with violating the Mann Act. This person was accused of being a communist by Mississippi congressman John Rankin, who also called for his deportation. After over twenty years of exile, this person returned to the United States in 1972 to accept an Honorary Oscar. For the point, what British silent film actor is best known for films such as City Lights, Modern Times, and The Great Dictator? | Charlie Chaplin (or Charles Spencer Chaplin Jr.) |
| This person and Gregory Bateson produced a short documentary about the Kris Dance, a ritual practiced in Balinese culture. Derek Freeman called this person a “fateful hoaxing” for being duped by indigenous interviewees. This person argued that adolescents in Western cultures faced “storm and stress” compared to those living on the island of Ta’ū. For the point, what cultural anthropologist who advocated for a broadening of sexual attitudes wrote Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies and Coming of Age in Samoa? | Margaret Mead |
| This man set up a base of operations at Snow's Island along the Pee Dee River and defeated a group of Loyalist militiamen at the Battle of Black Mingo. Colonel Banastre Tarleton was tasked with killing this man, whose use of territory between the Santee and Pee Dee Rivers to escape led to his nickname. For the point, name this Continental soldier whose extensive use of guerilla tactics in his native South Carolina earned him the nickname "The Swamp Fox.” | Francis Marion (accept Swamp Fox before read) |
| A music video of a George Michael song depicts this person behaving like a dog while playing with a U.S. president on the White House lawn. This person said he “acted in good faith” after the Chilcot Report exposed his initial downplay of the war in Iraq. This man and Bertie Ahern signed the Good Friday Agreement less than a year into his premiership. Described as being George W. Bush’s “poodle”, for the point, what Labour Party leader was prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007? | Tony Blair (or Anthony Charles Lynton Blair) |
| According to Martin P. Nilsson, this woman was worshipped as a vegetation goddess on the island of Rhodes. A song created by Theocritus [[thee-AH-krih-tuss]] as a wedding commemoration includes the line, “Reverence me. I am [this woman’s] tree.” This woman was believed to have been buried in the town of Therapne, in which she shares a shrine with Menelaus. For the point, what woman in Greek mythology was known as “the face that launched a thousand ships,” whose elopement with Paris caused the Trojan War? | Helen of Troy |
| In 2016, a group of scholars discovered that these events occurred at what is now a Walgreens parking lot. A person was charged in these events after a woman named Mercy Lewis claimed she couldn’t unclasp her hands. These events were recorded in a book titled Wonders of the Invisible World by Cotton Mather, who influenced the execution of Ann Glover. Mary Eastey, Rebecca Nurse, and John Proctor were some of the victims of, for the point, what 1692 “trials” that caused a mass hysteria in Massachusetts over the presence of supernatural beings? | Salem witch trials (prompt on “witch trials”) |
| The historian Xenophon [[ZEN-uh-fen]] attributes the birth of this profession to the failed usurper Cyrus the Younger, who instituted it while serving as satrap of the remote region of Ionia. Augustus introduced the anabasii system composed of men in this profession who made use of chariots. Incan men in this profession known as chasquis [[CHAH-skeess]] chewed on coca plants to assist their endurance. Pheidippides [[fy-DIP-ih- dees]] served in, for the point, what role while telling Athens the news of the Greek victory at Marathon? | Couriers (accept Runners; or Messengers; accept Mailman; accept obvious equivalents) |
| This man is the subject of a woman's comment in a 2020 film toward a group of caged monkeys, “Nobody but nobody makes a monkey out of [this man]," while in conversation with Herman J. Mankiewicz [[MANK-yeh-witz]]. A film based on this man depicts his unsuccessful run to become the governor of New York. That same 1941 film depicts a woman named Susan Alexander embarking on an amateur opera career, paralleling this man’s influence on the career of his real-life mistress, Marion Davies. For the point, what media tycoon was the primary inspiration for Charles Foster Kane in the film Citizen Kane? | William Randolph Hearst |
| The construction of this structure was interrupted after its city’s defeat in the Battle of Meloria. Despite confirming the presence of German troops at this structure, U.S. Army sergeant Leon Weckstein prevented it from being targeted by an artillery strike after finding it too beautiful to destroy. Galileo Galilei supposedly tested his law of free fall by dropping two cannonballs of different masses from this structure. For the point, what landmark in Pisa, Italy is tilted at nearly four degrees? | Leaning Tower of Pisa (or Torre Pendente di Pisa) |
| This person once asked, “When will mankind be convinced that true religion is from the heart?” This person called Alexander Hamilton a “man ambitious as Julius Caesar” before writing, “I have ever kept my eye upon him.” This person wrote another letter asking to “remember the ladies and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors.” A prolific writer, for the point, what First Lady was the wife and mother to the second and sixth presidents of the United States, respectively? | Abigail Adams (prompt on “Adams”) |
| Despite effectively losing the Livonian War, this ruler centralized rule around his person by dismantling the "Chosen Council." This man's oprichniki [[oh-preech-NEE-kee]] secret police committed the massacre of Novgorod and conducted a mass repression of the Boyars. For the point, name this "fearsome" grand prince of Moscow who declared himself the first Tsar of All Russia. | Ivan the Terrible (or Ivan Grozny; accept Ivan IV Vasilyevich; prompt on "Ivan") |
| A visit to this city by a Norwegian delegation led by diplomat Jonas Gahr Støre [[YOO-nas GAR STOO-ruh]] prompted a contingent of the Haqqani [[hah-KAHN-ee]] network to attack the Serana Hotel. Beginning in the Shari Naw neighborhood of this city, the Saur Revolution overthrew Mohammed Daoud Khan and killed him after he refused to pledge allegiance to the Soviet aligned Communist Party. A mid-1990s siege of this city culminated in the hanging of former president Mohammad Najibullah outside the Arg Presidential Palace. The Taliban retook, for the point, what capital of Afghanistan in 2021? | Kabul |