| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| TIEBREAKER: The nerve that carries this sense possesses facilities that pass through the cribriform plate. Cells involved in this sense include mitral and tufted types. This sense is transmitted by a bulb located in the forebrain behind the eyes. Defects in this sense are known as anosmia. With taste, this sense makes up flavor. For the point, name this sense that processes information gathered by the nose. | Smell (or Olfaction) |
| TIEBREAKER: These natural disasters are rated on the Saffir-Simpson scale, and a rare one of these in the Southern Hemisphere devastated parts of Brazil in 2004. Tropical waves off the coast of Africa can develop into these systems that contain extremely low air pressures in their eyes. For the point, name this type of natural disaster, Category 5 examples of which have made landfall in Florida three times in the past 100 years. | Hurricanes |
| TIEBREAKER: This animal names a bay home to Australia's westernmost point. Bottom-dwelling species of this animal include the angel and carpet varieties. These cartilaginous animals are closely related to rays and skates, and the mackerel species of these animals includes the extinct Megalodon. For the point, name this animal whose varieties include hammerhead and great white. | Sharks (accept Selachimorpha) |
| TIEBREAKER: This disease is the subject of the Warburg effect, and it can be caused by mutations in the p53 gene. A biopsy of this disease generated a line of immortal cells known as HeLa [[hee-lah]] cells. This disease progresses to Stage IV when it metastasizes in the body. For the point, name this group of diseases of uncontrollable cell replication. | Cancer (accept specific cancers like Cervical Cancer or Blood Cancer) |
| The Moderna and Pfizer vaccines use nanoparticles made up of these molecules to deliver mRNA. Myelin appears white because of its high concentration of these molecules. These compounds are the primary components of adipose tissue. The “phospho” type of these molecules make up cell membranes. These molecules are emulsified by bile in the digestion process. For the point, name this class of macromolecules that contains triglycerides, also known as fats. | Lipids (accept Fats until mentioned, anti-prompt on Fatty Acids) |
| These particles may form a hypothetical exotic form of matter at the center of extremely massive neutron stars. Like gluons, these particles cannot exist alone because of color confinement. Protons and neutrons are composed of these particles, which have charge values of one-third intervals. For the point, name these elementary particles that come in six flavors including top, down, and strange. | Quarks |
| In a system with equal wheel and axle mass, this quantity for the wheel is equal to mass times radius squared. For a belt and pulley system, this quantity is equal to the axial force on the belt multiplied by the radius of the drive pulley. This quantity, symbolized tau, is the time derivative of angular momentum. For the point, name this rotational analogue of linear force. | Torque (accept Moment; accept Moment of Force; accept Rotational Force; accept Turning Effect) |
| This process requires an additional initialization step in its “hot start” type. The final step of this process uses a mixture of bivalent cations and dNTPs. This procedure contains denaturation, annealing, and elongation steps. A COVID test performed using this procedure is typically more sensitive than its rapid antigen counterpart. For the point, name this lab technique that amplifies sequences of DNA. | Polymerase Chain Reaction (or PCR) |
| A type of this technique used to measure the quantity of water in a substance is named for Karl Fischer. Potassium permanganate can be used for this technique because it changes colors when reduced. This technique uses indicators like phenolphthalein [[fee- nolf-THAY-leen]] to find the equivalence point. For the point, name this laboratory technique that determines a solution's concentration by dripping fluid from a burette into a flask. | Titration (accept Titrimetry; accept Volumetric Analysis) |
| Delocalization in these species is explained by orbitals called SOMOs. Polymers can be formed by adding these species in reversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer, or RAFT. Ultraviolet light in the atmosphere converts CFCs into examples of these species that damage the ozone layer. For the point, name these highly reactive ions or molecules with unpaired electrons that are fought by antioxidants. | Free Radicals |