| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In an effort to pacify this deity's wrath, Agamemnon sacrificed his daughter Iphigenia [[ih-FEH-jin-AY-ah]] at Aulis while en route to the Trojan War. Young girls imitate she-bears named Arktoi in a festival dedicated to this deity during the Brauronia. A scorpion kills this woman's companion Orion, resulting in her placing him among the stars. An Ephesian Temple is dedicated to, for ten points, what Greek goddess of the hunt? | Artemis (accept Diana before "Greek" is mentioned) |
| William Haywood did extensive engineering of this system under the supervision of Joseph Bazalgette [[bah-zihl-JET]]. This system was proposed following an 1854 cholera outbreak and, four years later, the “Great Stink” that arose from pollution. In 2016, this system began an enormous expansion called the Thames Tideway Scheme. For ten points, identify this system which removes waste from locations like Kensington and Westminster. | London Sewer System |
| After French tourists were killed in a nearby country, the Central Europe Rally was held in place of a cross-country rally that traditionally ended in this country. Adama Barrow has worked with this country’s Macky Sall on several infrastructure projects spanning the Gambia River. For ten points, name this former French colony governed from Dakar. | Republic of Senegal |
| This man wrote the first biography of a U.S. president, The Life of George Washington, and he briefly served as Secretary of State during the John Adams administration. This justice wrote decisions that outlined the principle of “judicial review” and laid the foundation for Native American “tribal sovereignty.” For ten points, name this longest-serving chief justice of the Supreme Court. | John Marshall |
| This region’s war of succession was fought during the first half of the Hundred Years’ War. During Roman antiquity, this region, which contains the city of Rennes [[REN]], formed Armorica's western terminus. According to legend, a mythical city in this region was thought to have sunk underneath the ocean. Ys [[EESS]] legendarily was found in, for ten points, what western region of France that lies north of the Bay of Biscay? | Brittany (or Bretagne; or Breizh; or Bertaèyn) |
| This man reportedly said, “I'm the only one in the Senate who must vote for this bill,” during a debate over the creation of Martin Luther King Jr. Day. This senator executed a sixty- day filibuster of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, and once recruited 150 men to establish a Ku Klux Klan chapter in Sophia, West Virginia. For ten points, name this longest-serving senator in U.S. history. | Robert Byrd (or Robert Carlyle Byrd; or Cornelius Calvin Sale Jr.) |
| After taking over a possession from Germany in 1916, this colonial power deepened ethnic distinctions between the Tutsis and Hutus during its rule of Ruanda-Urundi. Another colony of this country became independent under Patrice Lumumba [[luh-MOOM-buh]] after once being ruled as a “Free State” of this country’s king Leopold the Second. The Democratic Republic of the Congo was long colonized by, for ten points, what French-and Dutch-speaking Low Country? | Belgium (or Belgian Empire) |
| This man’s first work, “On the Use of the Dart by Cavalry,” preceded another work about his former commander, Pomponius Secundus. This man wrote a now-lost continuation of a history by Aufidius Bassus that chronicles conflicts with the Germans. This man died in Stabiae while attempting to rescue victims of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. For ten points, name this Roman statesman who wrote a work entitled Natural History and has a similarly named nephew. | Pliny the Elder (or Gaius Plinius Secundus; prompt on partial answers) |
| This conflict erupted in part from divergent understandings of the Treaty of Payne’s Landing. An ambush during this conflict resulted in the massacre of Francis Dade and more than a hundred of his men. During this conflict, Thomas Jesup arrested Osceola despite Osceola’s white flag. For ten points, name this conflict in which Zachary Taylor fought the undecisive Battle of Lake Okeechobee. | The Second Seminole War (accept the Florida War) |
| Arthur Meighen [[MEE-un]] briefly succeeded this man as prime minister following a constitutional crisis. That crisis started when Governor General Lord Byng refused this man’s request to dissolve parliament. For ten points, name this longest-serving Canadian Prime Minister who was in office during World War Two. | William Lyon Mackenzie King |
| This man’s 1965 rise to power initially saw an easing of censorship and later an open condemnation of the Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia. This leader wrote the July Theses, which were inspired by the cults of personality of Kim Il-sung and Mao Zedong. After a violent uprising, this dictator and his wife, Elena, were subjected to a show trial and executed by a firing squad on Christmas Day. For ten points, name this communist leader of Romania from 1965 until 1989. | Nicolae Ceaușescu [[chow-CHESS-skyoo]] |
| In contrast to Ceaușescu's violent overthrow, the dissolution of the Communist government in Czechoslovakia was named for this material, due to its relative “softness.” | Velvet (accept Velvet Revolution; accept Sametova revoluce) |
| Deodato Arellano [[ah-reh-YAH-noh]] was a founder of a revolutionary society in this country called the Katipunan. The Tydings–McDuffie Act granted full independence after ten years to this country, whose Muslim population revolted in the Moro Rebellion. Manuel Quezon [[KAY-zon]] was the first independent president of this country, in which the People Power Revolution overthrew Ferdinand Marcos. For ten points, name this island nation, the site of the World War Two Battle of Manila. | Republic of the Philippines (or Republika ng Pilipinas) |
| This peninsula on Luzon was where 76,000 American and Filipino troops surrendered during World War Two. This peninsula was thereafter the site of a namesake "death march." | Bataan Peninsula (accept Bataan Death March) |
| As colonial governor, Nicholas Cooke led this future U.S. state, which was the first to declare independence from Great Britain. Samuel King's tenure as governor of this state was challenged by Dorr's Rebellion. Brown University is located in, for ten points, what small New England state founded by Roger Williams? | Rhode Island |
| Besides Nicholas Cooke, Jonathan Trumbull was the only man to govern both a British colony and a U.S. state. Trumbull governed what state that hid its founding document in the “Charter Oak”? | Connecticut |
| In a 1975 monograph partially titled for this man, J. G. A. Pocock contends that the American Revolution was the last great act of civic humanism of the Renaissance. This man reportedly said that "Politics have no relation to morals“ and "It is better to be feared than loved, if you cannot be both.” This man wrote a 1532 treatise on how to acquire and retain power. For ten points, name this Italian author of The Prince. | Niccolò Machiavelli (or Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli; accept The Machiavellian Moment) |
| In a 2020 biography, Barry Gewen argues that this U.S. secretary of state, the 1973 recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, should be remembered as more than a modern-day Machiavelli. | Henry Alfred Kissinger (or Heinz Alfred Kissinger; accept The Inevitability of Tragedy: Henry Kissinger and His World) |
| This man said, "There will be no ‘bottlenecks’ in our determination to aid Great Britain," before coining the phrase "arsenal of democracy." This president gave a speech that declared that the U.S. was "suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan." For ten points, name this president who gave the "Day of Infamy" speech after the attack on Pearl Harbor. | Franklin Delano Roosevelt (accept FDR) |
| FDR gave a 1938 speech on the 75th anniversary of this battle, after which one president stated how the U.S. was "conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal." | Battle of Gettysburg (accept Gettysburg Address) |
| In 1989, scientist Jean-George Affholder determined that the geographic center of Europe is located in this country. In 1933, pilots Steponas Darius and Statys Girénas [[STEH- tees geh-REH-nas]] of this country flew a namesake plane from New York across the Atlantic Ocean before fatally crashing. This country was formerly part of a “Commonwealth” with Poland. The first Soviet republic to declare independence in 1990, for the point, what is this Baltic state governed from Vilnius? | Republic of Lithuania |
| The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was formed by the Union of [this city] in modern-day Poland. Like Krakow, this city came under Austrian occupation during the Partitions. | Lublin (accept Union of Lublin) |
| The first draft of this production focused on a conflict between an Irish-Catholic family and a Jewish family during the Easter-Passover season. Ariana DeBose won an Oscar for her role in this production sixty years after it was won by another actress for the same role. That actress, Rita Moreno, won a Tony and an Oscar for her portrayal of this musical's character Anita. For ten points, name this musical that features a rivalry between the Jets and the Sharks. | West Side Story |
| This lyricist of West Side Story, who passed away in 2021, also wrote the music and lyrics for the musicals Company, Sweeney Todd, and Into the Woods. | Stephen Sondheim (or Stephen Joshua Sondheim) |
| Though this country introduced universal male suffrage in 1879, Frederick Nene Russell was one of its first four nonwhite members of parliament by 1868. This country was settled by Europeans following the Musket Wars and the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi. Under Richard Seddon, this country annexed the Cook Islands. For ten points, name this native country of the Māori [[MOW-ree]]. | New Zealand (or Aotearoa) |
| This youngest female prime minister in the history of New Zealand unexpectedly resigned in early 2023. | Jacinda Ardern |
| Country of origin of the 52 diplomats who were held hostage. | U.S.A. (or United States of America; accept America) |
| President who was criticized for his handling of the crisis. | Jimmy Carter (or James Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr.) |
| Capital city in which the hostages were held. | Tehran |
| Religious leader of the Iranian revolution who gained power after overthrowing the Shah. | Ayatollah Khomeini (or Sayyid Ruhollah Mūsavi Khomeini; prompt on the "Ayatollah") |
| Aforementioned Shah who was exiled to Egypt following his disposal. | Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (or Mohammed Reza Shah; prompt on "Shah," "Reza," or "Pahlavi") |
| Unsuccessful rescue attempt which resulted in the death of eight servicemen. | Operation Eagle Claw (or Operation Tabas) |
| Secretary of State who succeeded Kissinger and resigned during the crisis. | Cyrus Vance (or Cyrus Roberts Vance Sr.) |
| Alliterative term naming the joint rescue of six diplomats by a certain national government and the CIA. | Canadian Caper (prompt on partial answers) |
| Global conflict into which he led Russia on the side of the Triple Entente. | World War One (or First World War; or Great War) |
| Earlier conflict into which he led Russia, ended by the Treaty of Portsmouth. | Russo-Japanese War (accept word forms; accept in either order) |
| Revolutionary Marxist faction that executed him after the October Revolution. | Bolsheviks (or Bolshevists; prompt on "communists") |
| Royal family to which he belonged. | Romanov |
| Engineering project connecting Moscow and Vladivostok that was completed during his reign. | Trans–Siberian Railway (accept "Rail" or "Railroad" in place of "Railway"; prompt on "TSR") |
| Lawyer who led the Provisional Russian government after ousting him in the February Revolution. | Alexander Kerensky (or Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky) |
| Secret police force he used to monitor and suppress revolutionary activity. | Okhrana (or Guard Department; or Department for Protecting the Public Security and Order) |
| First prime minister of the empire who replaced him as head of government. | Sergei Witte [[VEE-tyeh]] (or Count Sergei Yulyevich Witte; or Sergius Witte; accept phonetic pronunciation) |
| System of segregation that started in 1948. | Apartheid |
| Largest of its three capitals, formerly a Dutch East India trading port. | Cape Town (or iKapa) |
| Small enclave country from which Tom Thabane [[tah-BAH-neh]] fled to South Africa during a 2020 coup. | Kingdom of Lesotho [[luh-SOO-too]] (accept phonetic pronunciations) |
| Island on which Mandela was held prisoner for eighteen years. | Robben Island |
| Sport featured in Invictus, about the 1995 World Championship team. | Rugby |
| President who was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize with Nelson Mandela. | F.W. de Klerk (or Frederik Willem de Klerk) |
| Last prime minister and first executive state president, known as the "Big Crocodile." | P.W. Botha (or Pieter Willem Botha) |
| Man who served as president of the ANC while exiled in London for 24 years. | Oliver Tambo (or Oliver Reginald Kaizana Tambo) |
| This man endorsed segregation with the metaphor “Separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand.” This man called upon Black (+) men to “Cast down your bucket where you are.” This man called on freed Black people to enter the workforce in the American South in his Atlanta Exposition Speech, which W. E. B. DuBois [[doo-BOYS]] derisively dubbed the "Atlanta (*) Compromise." For ten points, name this African-American educator, the founder of the Tuskegee Institute. | Booker T (aliaferro) Washington |
| During the reign of this man's son, an anonymous Roman compiled an attempted survey of the world known as the Expositio totius mundi et gentium. This man introduced a gold coin known as the solidus. (+) According to a biography by Eusebius, this emperor saw the words "In this sign thou shalt conquer" appear above the Sun prior to the Battle of (*) Milvian Bridge. For ten points, name this Roman emperor known for his conversion to Christianity. | Constantine the Great (accept Constantine the First; or Flavius Valerius Constantinus; or Konstantinos the First) |
| Soldiers from this country trained Robert Mugabe’s Fifth Brigade during the Rhodesian Bush War. Former NBA player Dennis Rodman claimed he played a role in the release of American student Otto (+) Warmbier from this country. In an attempt to bolster its film industry, operatives from this country kidnapped director Shin Sang- ok from its (*) southern neighbor. For ten points, name this East Asian country governed by the Kim family from Pyongyang. | North Korea (or Democratic People's Republic of Korea; accept DPRK; prompt on on "Korea") |
| One attempt to do this action prior to a town hall meeting involved a perpetrator who subsequently jumped into the Miljacka [[mihl-YAH-kah]] River. Oskar (+) Potiorek failed to make one man aware of a shift in the route prior to a another attempt to do this action. Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, was among the victims of a man who committed this action, Gavrilo (*) Princip. For ten points, name this action, the killing of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. | Assassinating Archduke Franz Ferdinand (accept clear-knowledge equivalents; prompt on partial answers) |
| Gianfrancesco Penni, who worked in Raphael’s workshop, painted a fresco depicting one of these events that may refer to the Concordat of Bologna. An 1807 painting (+) of one of these events inaccurately includes the central figure's mother, Maria Ramolino. That same painting falsely depicts Pope Pius the Seventh blessing its title figure at (*) Notre Dame in this event. For ten points, name this type of event that will take place this spring for Charles the Third. | Coronation (accept Consecration; accept The Coronation of Charlemagne; accept The Coronation of Napoleon) |
| George Fitch proposed the creation of this team after witnessing a local pushcart race and hiring American Howard Siler as a coach. This team suffered an early setback when Dudley Stokes (+) accidentally broke a push-bar. This team failed to finish any races at its debut Winter Olympics in 1988 but has consistently qualified for international competitions ever since. (*) For ten points, name this Caribbean winter racing sport team heavily fictionalized in the film Cool Runnings. | Jamaican Bobsled Team (or Jamaican Bobsleigh Team; accept answers mentioning Jamaica’s national team for bobsled or bobsleigh) |
| A special shirt used in this rite was designed by the Lakota spiritual leader Black Elk. This rite mingled (+) Native beliefs with elements of Christianity and prophesied the return of the dead and bison herds, as well as the removal of white people from America. The Paiute (*) [[PAH-yoot]] leader Wovoka spread this rite to Native peoples. For ten points, identify this rite, which names a war that culminated in the Wounded Knee Massacre. | Ghost Dance (accept Ghost Dance War) |
| This man, according to satirist Mark Twain, “had so large a hand in making Southern character…that he is in great measure responsible for the [U.S. Civil] War,” and this man successfully rediscovered Scotland’s lost Crown Jewels, which were hidden in Edinburgh (+) Castle. Known for coining the phrase “Wars of the Roses,” this Scottish author was the first individual to locate the Robin Hood legend in the fictional location of Locksley. The author of The Black Dwarf and (*) Ivanhoe, for ten points, who was this highly influential Scottish historian and novelist? | Walter Scott |
| For many centuries, the works of the physician Metrodora, like On the Diseases and Cures of Women, were wrongly attributed to this figure due to both being known as "Berenice" in (+) different ancient texts. With her lover, this royal executed the "Donations of Alexandria," giving Armenia to her son Alexander Helios while (*) Caesarion was named the legitimate heir to his father, Julius Caesar. According to legend, this woman died by exposing herself to poisonous asps. For ten points, name this paramour of Mark Antony and Queen of Ptolemaic Egypt. | Cleopatra the Seventh Philopator |
| The attack on what South Carolina fort by Confederate forces is considered to be the beginning of the Civil War? | Fort Sumter |