| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This man’s most notable agricultural product was named “Orinoco.” This man chose to live on his plantation, Varina Farms, though he was granted a vast tract of land along the James River by Chief Powhatan. This man was the first successful planter of tobacco as a cash crop for export in North America. For the point, name this Jamestown, Virginia colonist, the husband of Pocahontas. | John Rolfe |
| In 2014, this person was attacked and injured at a Minnesota Democratic–Farmer– Labor Party caucus. This House representative, the whip of the Congressional Progressive Caucus, sponsored the Combating International Islamophobia Act. For the point, name this U.S. House representative from Minnesota who serves on the Committee of Foreign Affairs and is the first Somali-American to serve in the U.S. Congress. | Ilhan Omar |
| This party's early members included Ernst Rohm and its founder Anton Drexler. This party, whose twenty-five-point program was maintained until its dissolution, issued the Reichstag Decrees after a mysterious arson attack at the capital and later unified the executive branch under its Austrian leader. For the point, name this far-right political party led for most of its existence by Adolf Hitler. | Nazi Party (or National Socialist German Workers' Party; or Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, or NSDAP; prompt on "German Workers' Party") |
| This three-letter word is often used to begin the name of a period in which insurance and deposit accounts were introduced to the European financial system. Another time period with this three-letter word lasted about 200 years and quickly deteriorated after the death of Marcus Aurelius. “Mongolica” and “Romana” are found after, for the point, what three-letter word denoting periods of peace, prosperity, and stability under certain large empires? | Pax [["PACKS"]] (accept Pax Mongolica; accept Pax Romana; accept phonetic pronunciations) |
| This man’s first publication described a theoretical transition from a “primitive” society in which mechanical solidarity functioned to a more advanced, capitalistic society. In one work, this author divided a certain "social fact" into fatalistic, altruistic, egoistic, and anomic varieties. For the point, name this French founder of sociology who wrote The Division of Labor in Society, as well as a monumental study of suicide. | Émile Durkheim |
| In 1940, Nazi Franz Rademacher suggested that Jewish people could be relocated to this island peacefully. This island was ruled by Ranavalona the Third under the Merina Kingdom, before being brought under colonial rule as the Protectorate of Malagasy. For the point, name this former French colony, Africa's largest island well-known for its lemurs. | Madagascar |
| An artist who is part of this cultural group took inspiration from parfleches for her pollution critique Nomad Manifesto. Jaune Quick-to-See Smith was an artist from this cultural group, a member of which appears to the left of the title dying soldier in Benjamin West's The Death of General Wolfe. For the point, name this general ethnic group depicted in paintings of the Cherokee. | Native Americans (or American Indians; or Indigenous Americans) |
| At the end of this dynasty, the official Changwen introduced the nine-rank system to organize bureaucrats. The Battle of Mobei was the culmination of this dynasty’s campaign against the Xiongnu, [[SHE-AHNG-NOO]], while the later Daoist Yellow Turban Rebellion destabilized this dynasty. The majority ethnic group of modern China is named for, for the point, what ancient Chinese Dynasty? | Han Dynasty |
| Minstrel performer Ernest Hogan published the first piece in this genre titled "La Pas Ma La." One well-known composer of works in this genre wrote examples of them titled "Sensation" and "Frog Legs," as well as one inspired by a Missouri Black music club. "Jig piano" and "piano thumping" inspired works in, for the point, what genre, whose pieces include "The Entertainer" and "Maple Leaf" by Scott Joplin? | Ragtime (accept Rags) |
| After failing to swear loyalty to this man, about thirty members of Clan Macdonald were slaughtered in the Glencoe Massacre. This man was invited to take the throne by the Immortal Seven, and he was the target of a Jacobite assassination attempt by supporters of the deposed James the Second. For the point, name this husband of Mary the Second who took the British throne in the Glorious Revolution. | William of Orange (or William the Third of England) |
| In The Innocents Abroad, Mark Twain described this monarch as the “most ordinary individual in the land” and attempted to steal his coat. The revolutionary socialist organization “People’s Will” bombed this man’s Cossack-guarded carriage, leading to his death. The Freedom edict abolishing the Russian serfs was passed by, for the point, what liberalizing 19th-century of Tsar, the son of Nicholas the First? | Alexander the Second |
| Eighty percent of this process is thought to have resulted from its central region's cattle trade. Affecting an area spanning six million square kilometers, this process is concentrated in Mato Grosso and is aggravated by the use of slash and burn techniques and illegal logging. For the point, name this loss of land in a specific tropical region of South America. | Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest (accept clear knowledge equivalents) |
| Carlos Garaikoetxea [[gah-RYE-koh-CHEH-ah]] was the first elected president of this region. This region, which borders Navarre, was formerly a stronghold of the Herri Batasuna separatist movement. This region is governed by a Lehendakari, who takes office underneath the Tree of Gernika. For the point, name this autonomous region of Northern Spain that was once the base of ETA militants. | Basque Country (or Euskadi) |
| Confusion over the location of New Castle relative to the Twelve Mile Circle contributed to this project, which aimed to solve the issue central to Cresap’s War. First demarcated in 1763, for the point, what line defines the Maryland-Pennsylvania border and is commonly used to describe the cultural border of the South and North United States? | Mason-Dixon Line (prompt on descriptive answers) |
| In Project Spinnaker this country developed the Theseus underwater vehicle to lay seafloor fiber optic cables to detect nuclear submarines. This country hosted the Arctic Dew Line and Pinetree Line of radar stations near a southern border to warn of nuclear attacks. For the point, name this founding member of NATO which established NORAD with the United States. | Canada |
| This general allowed the Buffalo Soldiers to fight under the command of Ferdinand Foch [[FOHSH]]. This man resisted the Entente's request to integrate the U.S. Army into Allied forces, fighting separately at the Battle of Belleau Wood. A Mexican raid on Columbus, New Mexico led to this general pursuing Pancho Villa [[VEE-yah]]. The American Expeditionary Forces of World War One were led by, for the point, what general, known as "Black Jack"? | John J. "Black Jack" Pershing |
| Historical groups of these people included the Boii [[BOY-ee]], Lepontii [[lep-ON- tee]], and Galatians. These people, who participated in holidays including Samhain [[SAH- win]], were led by priests who collected mistletoe. Druids were priests of, for the point, what ancient people, whose language group is still spoken in Scotland and Ireland? | Celts (or Celtic people; be lenient on pronunciation) |
| This country’s first leader merged Protestant and Catholic factions into the Christian Democratic Union. This country joined NATO in 1955, leading to the formation of the Warsaw Pact on its eastern border. Originally led by Konrad Adenauer, for the point, what was this Cold War-era country based in Bonn and divided by the Iron Curtain from its similarly-named Eastern neighbor? | West Germany (accept Federal Republic of Germany; or FRG; accept Bundesrepublic Deutschland; or BRD; accept Bonn Republic before mentioned) |
| Following this event, the president of the United States ordered the commencement of Operation Pierce Arrow. This incident was initially described by the president as an attack against the U.S., but the Pentagon Papers revealed that the U.S. actually provoked this attack. For the point, name this naval confrontation which led to the United States becoming directly involved in the Vietnam War. | Gulf of Tonkin incident (accept USS Maddox incident) |
| This man refused the poet-laureateship of Great Britain, allowing Alfred Austin to receive the title upon Tennyson’s death in 1892. A Freemason, this man used Masonic symbols throughout his novella, The Man Who Would Be King. Awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1907, this man was the first Englishman to hold that honor. For the point, name this poet and author of The Jungle Book. | Rudyard Kipling |
| In the historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei take an oath in a garden for this foodstuff. In Journey to the West, Sun Wukong, or the Monkey King, consumes this fruit to make himself immortal. For the point, name this "fuzzy" fruit, most production of which comes from China, though many are still produced in the U.S. state of Georgia. | Peaches (or Prunus persica; accept Nectarines before "fuzzy" is mentioned) |
| One ritual in the religion of this culture featured four boys representing the four cardinal directions chanting like frogs to appease the rain god Chaac. Hunahpu and Xbalanque [[shbah-lahn-KEH]] were the "hero twins” in one story of this culture, whose religious texts were largely destroyed by Diego de Landa. For the point, name this Mesoamerican people whose creation story is detailed in the Popul Vuh [[POH-pul VOO]]. | Mayans |
| Clarisse and Confiance were operated by one of these individuals named Robert Surcouf, among the French examples of these people who were sometimes given the title "corsair." This term was applied to a man known as El Draque by his opponents in the Spanish Armada. Once used to describe Sir Francis Drake, for the point, what term refers to private individuals commissioned to engage in maritime warfare? | Privateer (accept Corsair before mentioned; prompt on "pirate") |
| Ali Hassan Mwinyi [[MWEEN-yee]] was once leader of this country, which engaged in a process of "villagization." The Arusha Accord was signed in this country, which fought the Kagera War against neighboring Uganda. Once led by Julius Nyerere [[nye-eh-REH-reh]], for the point, what is this African country containing the Serengeti and now governed from Dodoma? | United Republic of Tanzania |
| The vacated senate seat of Robert Hayne was filled by this man, who replied, "The Union, next to our liberty, the most dear" during a toast. This politician voiced his opposition to the Tariff of 1828 in his state's namesake "Exposition and Protest." For the point, name this South Carolina senator who advocated nullification while serving as Andrew Jackson's first vice president. | John C (aldwell) Calhoun |
| Officers unsuccessfully attempted to place this man under house arrest during the Kyūjō incident. That incident occurred to prevent this man from delivering the “Jewel Voice Broadcast,” announcing his country's surrender to Allied forces. For the point, name this long- serving Emperor of Japan who ruled during World War Two. | Hirohito (accept Emperor Shōwa) |
| Daniil Semyonovich is credited with inventing a device that made growing this crop economically viable in the Russian Empire by extracting oil from its seeds. These plants name two series of still life paintings by Vincent Van Gogh, which he often depicted in vases. For the point, name this tall plant which provides a nickname for Kansas and serves as a symbol for Ukraine. | Sunflowers (or Helianthus annuus) |
| In response to a "War Message" from this man, congress passed the Teller Amendment to assist with Cuban independence without annexation. With the help of Mark Hanna, this man ran a successful front porch campaign from his home in Canton, Ohio, twice defeating William Jennings Bryan. Assassinated by anarchist Leon Czolgosz [[CHOHL-gosh]] at the Pan-American Exposition, for the point, who was this predecessor of Theodore Roosevelt? | William McKinley |
| In this country, Horia Sima led the Legionnaires’ rebellion. With his wife Elena, a leader of this country was executed after two decades in power on Christmas Day. This country's communist government was violently overthrown in 1989, resulting in the death of Nicolae Ceausescu [[chow-SHESS-koo]]. For the point, name this former Eastern Bloc country governed from Bucharest. | Romania |
| During the American Revolution, this colony was home to the Continental Army’s winter quarters in Morristown. Called the "Crossroads of the American Revolution," this state saw the defeat of a garrison of Hessians at the Battle of Trenton. For the point, name this Northeastern U.S. state where the Continental Congress met in 1783 at Princeton. | New Jersey |
| This agreement was used to justify war with Mexico over setting the border at the Rio Grande. An advance of 10 million francs was issued to facilitate this agreement, which followed one colonial power's loss of Haiti. For the point, name this 15-million-dollar purchase of a vast territory by the Jefferson administration. | Louisiana Purchase (prompt on partial or descriptive answers) |
| This city’s enormous Municipal Stadium was nicknamed the “Mistake by the Lake” which was replaced by a different stadium nicknamed the “Jake by the Lake.” A basketball team from this city was the first team to come back from down 3 to 1 to win the NBA Finals in 2016. LeBron James captained that championship team from, for the point, what Ohio city, home of the Guardians and Cavaliers? | Cleveland |
| To account for their bizarre presence in medieval illuminated manuscripts fighting knights, scholar Lilian Randall claimed that these animals symbolized the Lombards. The murex genus of these animals was used by Phoenicians to make royal purple dye. For the point, name these shelled gastropods which are eaten in French cuisine as escargot. | Snail (or Slugs) |
| Rulers of this city participated in a ceremony in which a ring was thrown into the water, symbolizing the "Marriage to the Sea." Napoleon’s sequestering of Jews in this city led to the origin of the term “ghetto.” Once ruled by elected doges [[DOH-jez]], for the point, what is this “most serene republic,” an Italian city state known for its many canals? | Venice (or Venezia) |
| The family of Rebecca Young claims she made the first one of these objects, though its use as a standard may have derived from Richard Peters, using specifications approved by General von Steuben. An apocryphal story claims the first of these objects was based on a pencil drawing by George Washington. For the point, name this national symbol, supposedly first sewn by Betsy Ross. | Flag of the United States (or American Flag; accept obvious equivalents) |
| Bits of this substance were found stuffed in the nose of Ramses the Great, and its historical best growing region is the Malabar Coast of modern-day Kerala. Pliny the Elder described this substance’s price as about a quarter of its closely-related “long” variety. A riddle by Saint Aldhelm described this spice as having a “wrinkled cover” and that is “seasons delicacies.” For the point, name this now-common spice that is often paired with salt. | Black Pepper (or Peppercorn; do not accept “Long Pepper”) |