| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The area of this present-day country was initially inhabited by the Charrúa people. This country won its independence through a fourteen-year struggle led by José Gervasio Artigas and a treaty negotiated by Viscount John Posonby. An "Oriental Republic" led by Luis Lacalle Pou [["POW"]], for the point, what is this South American country that contains the headquarters of Mercosur in Montevideo? | Oriental Republic of Uruguay (or República Oriental del Uruguay) |
| This man armed a ship known as Du Teillay, on which he was accompanied by the Seven Men of Moidart. That group landed at Eriskay with this man, whose forces began a march on Black Friday under the command of George Murray. While disguised as a maid named “Betty Burke,” this man was smuggled to the Isle of Skye after losing at Culloden [[kul- AH-den]]. For the point, name this “Young Pretender” who led the 1745 Jacobite [[JAK-uh- "bite"]] Uprising. | Charles Edward Stuart (or Bonnie Prince Charlie; or Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart; prompt on " (The) Young Chevalier;" prompt on "Young Pretender"; prompt on "Charles" or "Charlie") |
| Robert Laws founded a mission town on this body of water that he named after David Livingstone. The headquarters of the Universities' Mission to Central Africa was founded on Likoma Island in this body of water in 1880. One international border along this body of water has its roots in the 1890 Treaty of Heligoland between Britain and Germany. For the point, name this East African lake in the Great Rift Valley whose waters have long been disputed between Mozambique, Tanzania, and a namesake country. | Lake Malawi (or Lake Nyasa; accept Republic of Malawi or Dziko la Malawi) |
| In his role as Bishop of Autan [[oh-TAHN]], this man oversaw the mass at the Festival of the Federation despite reportedly not knowing the words. This man unsuccessfully advised Napoleon to pursue mild terms in the Treaty of Tilsit, and this man's insistence on receiving a bribe exacerbated the Quasi-War. The central figure of the XYZ Affair, for the point, who was this diplomat that represented France at the Congress of Vienna? | Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord (or 1st Prince of Benevento; or Prince of Talleyrand) |
| This man, who taught law at St. Petersburg State University in the 1990s, became Vladimir Putin’s chief of staff in 2003. During this president’s tenure, he negotiated the new START treaty with U.S. president Barack Obama and oversaw Russia’s involvement in the 2008 Russo-Georgian War. For the point, name this deputy chairman of the Security Council of Russia who served as prime minister of Russia from 2012 until 2020. | Dmitry Medvedev (or Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev) |
| Until 2015, one politician with this surname was the longest-serving state governor in U.S. history. That politician with this surname is one of only two people to serve as vice president under two different presidents, as well as the first vice president to die in office. Another politician with this surname opposed James Madison in the Election of 1812 and ordered construction of the Erie Canal. For the point, name this New York political family whose members included governors George and DeWitt. | Clinton (accept George Clinton; accept DeWitt Clinton; accept Clinton's Ditch) |
| This thinker collaborated with Gregory Bateson to produce a documentary titled Dance and Trance in Bali. This thinker studied the Arapesh, Tchambuli, and Mundugumor in the book Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies. This thinker's work was criticized in a work subtitled The Making and Unmaking of an Anthropological Myth by Derek Freeman. For the point, identify this anthropologist who wrote the landmark study Coming of Age in Samoa. | Margaret Mead |
| This man’s assassination prompted the White Night riots after his killer used the “Twinkie defense.” This man, who was killed alongside Mayor George Moscone, owned Castro Camera, earning him the nickname “Mayor of Castro Street." For the point, name this member of the Board of Supervisors in San Francisco who was the first openly gay man to hold political office in California. | Harvey Milk (or Harvey Bernard Milk) |
| A pope with this name produced the "Rights and Duties of Capital and Labor," which was expanded in his Rerum Novarum. Manuel I [[the First]] of Portugal gave the elephant Hanno to that pope with this name who issued the papal bull Exsurge Domine [[ek-SUR-geh DOH-mee-neh]] in response to the sale of indulgences. The first Pope of this name supposedly convinced Attila the Hun to not sack Rome. For the point, identify this name shared by thirteen popes, meaning "Lion." | Leo (accept Leo X [[the Tenth]]; accept Leo XIII [[the Thirteenth]]) |
| This person gained permission from Quartermaster David Rucker to work on the front lines, and in 1864, General Benjamin Butler made this woman the "lady in charge." This woman received the Prussian Iron Cross for distributing supplies after the Siege of Paris. Founding an organization which first met on May 21, 1881, for the point, who was this founder of the American Red Cross? | Clara Barton (or Clarissa Harlowe Barton) |
| This man accused his political rival Cimon [[KY-mohn]] of assisting Sparta, leading to Cimon's ostracism. This man gave a speech that claimed his city-state's government was "a pattern to others" while eulogizing victims of the plague that later claimed his own life. A famous "Funeral Oration" was delivered by, for the point, what Greek statesman who led Athens during its Golden Age? | Pericles [[PEH-rih-kleez]] (accept Pericles's Funeral Oration) |
| Father Le Loutre's War, a continuation of this larger war, degenerated into guerilla warfare with the Wabanaki Confederacy and Acadian allies. An immediate predecessor to this war is named for a British captain who supposedly had his ear cut off by the Spanish. This war began when Prussia seized the region of Silesia shortly after the death of Charles VI [[the Sixth]] of Austria, who had passed the Pragmatic Sanction. For the point, name this war concerning the ascension of Maria Theresa. | War of the Austrian Succession |
| This person, who founded Liberty Central, described their spouse's confirmation to one position as a "trial by fire.“ According to the January 6th Committee, this person texted White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows that the "Biden crime family" would be "living in barges off GITMO" and emailed legislators in Wisconsin and Arizona to overturn the 2020 election. For the point, name this conservative political activist and wife of a Supreme Court justice named Clarence. | Ginni Thomas (or Virginia "Ginni" Thomas; or Virginia Lamp; prompt on "Thomas") |
| Before being executed, this man allegedly looked at a chaplain named Henry F. Gerecke and told him, "I'll see you again." Konstantin von Neurath preceded this owner of the Schloss Fuschl [[FOO-shul]] residence in one post. In that post, this man helped negotiate a deal that made demarcations in Poland, Estonia, and other spheres of influence. For the point, name this German minister of foreign affairs who signed a non-aggression pact with his Soviet counterpart, Vyacheslav Molotov. | Joachim von Ribbentrop (accept Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact) |
| This man was forced to direct The Lady from Shanghai in order to finance the musical Around the World in 80 Days. One of this man’s best-known films was an adaptation of a Booth Tarkington novel about a Midwestern family. The Magnificent Ambersons was directed by this man, who partnered with John Houseman to co-found the Mercury Theater. For the point, name this filmmaker and actor known for a radio broadcast of The War of the Worlds and for directing Citizen Kane. | Orson Welles (or George Orson Welles) |
| This man established control over Syria by engineering the creation of the United Arab Republic. This member of the Free Officers Movement overthrew his predecessor, Mohammed Naguib. This man prompted an invasion by France, Israel, and the UK by nationalizing a strategic waterway. The Suez Canal was nationalized by, for the point, which second president of Egypt, the predecessor of Anwar Sadat? | Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein |
| The All-Union Association forced citizens to convert foreign currency to this specific currency, with consumers only allowed to spend it at a chain known as Beryozka. A panic to exchange the 50 and 100 notes of this currency was caused by the 1991 policies of Finance Minister Valentin Pavlov. The two prior denominations of this currency ceased to be legal tender in 1998 due to reforms passed by Boris Yeltsin. For the point, name this primary currency of the former Soviet Union and Russia. | Russian Ruble (accept Soviet Ruble) |
| This person was the only non-NASA recipient of the Ambassador of Exploration award. This person, who wrote the memoir A Reporter's Life, ended every broadcast with the phrase "And that's the way it is." During escalation in Vietnam, Lyndon Johnson purportedly said, "If I've lost [this man], I've lost Middle America." For the point, name this "most trusted man in America," a longtime anchor of the CBS Evening News, known for his coverage of the Apollo 11 landing and the JFK assassination. | Walter Cronkite (or Walter Leland Cronkite Jr.) |
| This war prompted Bernard Kouchner to found the humanitarian organization Doctors Without Borders, and the Aburi Accord was signed before this war, one side of which was led by Odumegwu Ojukwu. Conflict over oil in areas like Port Harcourt occurred during this conflict, which was chronicled in a memoir by Chinua Achebe [[SHIN-wah ah-SHEH- beh]]. For the point, identify this conflict in which a country later led by Goodluck Jonathan fought a secessionist state. | Nigerian-Biafran War (accept Nigerian Civil War; prompt on "Nigeria") |
| James Prinsep deciphered a set of documents by this ruler, in which he is repeatedly referred to as the "beloved of the gods." A pillar built by this ruler features four lions standing back-to-back in the city of Sarnath. After his conquest of the Kalinga Kingdom, this ruler converted to Buddhism, and languages such as Greek appear in a series of rock edicts created by this third ruler of the Mauryan empire. For the point, identify this grandson of Chandragupta. | Ashoka Maurya (or Ashoka the Great; or Asoka) |
| This non-Soviet revolutionary became famous in the United States through the journalism of John Reed. This governor of Chihuahua and ally of President Venustiano Carranza was assassinated by a pumpkin seed vendor in 1923. This leader of the Conventionist faction raided the city of Columbus, leading to the Wilson administration's Punitive Expedition led by John Pershing. For the point, name this leader of the Mexican Revolution, the Northern ally to Emiliano Zapata. | Pancho Villa [[VEE-yah]] (or Francisco Villa; or José Doroteo Arango Arámbula) |
| This dynasty launched the Great Persecution of Buddhism under Emperor Wuzong. Nobles of this dynasty unsuccessfully rebelled against Empress Wu Zetian [[ZEH-TYAHN]]. This dynasty's Emperor Xuanzong [[SHWAHN-ZOHNG]] was attacked by a Sogdian general in the An Lushan Rebellion. This dynasty's golden age included poets such as Du Fu and Li Bai. For the point, name this Chinese dynasty that ruled from 618 to 908, between the Sui and Song. | Tang Dynasty (or Tang Empire) |
| The age of artifacts made of this material can be determined with a namesake hydration dating process. Tezcatlipoca [[tes-kaht-lee-POH-kah]] was known as the “smoking mirror” due to his association with shamanist mirrors made from this material, blades of which were embedded into a wooden club to make a type of Aztec hand weapon called a Macuahuitl [[mah-kwah-HWEE-tuhl]]. For the point, name this igneous volcanic glass used to make extremely sharp blades, knives, and other weapons. | Obsidian (accept Obsidian hydration dating; prompt on "Volcanic glass" or “Glass”) |
| The first European scientific expedition to map this river was led by Ernest Doudart de Lagrée [[doo-DAHRT duh lah-GREH]] and Francis Garnier [[gahr-NYEH]] in the 1860s. Roman coins have been excavated at this river's delta, which contains the archaeological site of Óc Eo [[OHK EH-oh]]. One watercraft developed for use on this river was the Patrol Craft Fast, or PCF, which was used in Operation Market Time and nicknamed "Swiftboat." For the point, name this river that still contains ordinance from the Vietnam War. | Mekong River |
| A 1967 novel about this event is largely based on the account of the lawyer Thomas Ruffin Gray. This event's leader was inspired by a solar eclipse six months prior to this event in Southampton County, Virginia. For the point, name this event in which an enslaved preacher led over 120 enslaved people in a revolt put down by white militias. | Nat Turner's Rebellion (accept Southampton Insurrection before "Southampton" is mentioned; accept synonyms for "Rebellion" or "Insurrection") |
| Possibly founded by the biblical Nimrod, this ancient city was the site of two lamassu [[lah-MAH-soo]] statues. This city was home to the Library of Ashurbanipal, where the Epic of Gilgamesh was first discovered. This city was greatly expanded by Sennacherib [[seh-NAH- keh-rib]], who built a massive palace in this capital of his empire. For the point, name this capital of the Neo-Assyrian empire, located near modern day Mosul. | Nineveh |
| This man was run out of England for defending the French Revolution in The Rights of Man, which helped him get elected to the French Constitutional Committee. This man’s other writings include Agrarian Justice and The Age of Reason. In a 1776 pamphlet, this man argued that it was absurd for an island to rule a continent, and in another pamphlet he declared, "These are the times that try men's souls." For the point, name this author of The American Crisis and Common Sense. | Thomas Paine |
| The victims of this event "slipped the surly bonds of Earth" according to a presidential speech which referenced the poem "High Flight." As a member of the Rogers Commission investigating this event, Richard Feynman put a piece of rubber in a glass of ice water in front of a congressional committee to explain how cold weather reduced the elasticity of O-rings. For the point, name this January 1986 disaster in which a space shuttle exploded shortly after liftoff from Cape Canaveral. | Challenger Disaster (accept OV-099 Disaster; accept "Explosion" or equivalents in place of "Disaster") |
| This man died while completing his Transfiguration, which was commissioned for Narbonne Cathedral. This man depicted a bird in a child's hand in his Madonna of the Goldfinch, and his La Disputa hangs in one of his four namesake rooms in the Vatican. For the point, identify this Italian artist who depicted Euclid teaching geometry and Plato pointing to the sky in The School of Athens. | Raphael (or Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino; accept either underlined portion; accept Raphael Rooms) |
| This man cast a tie-breaking vote against nominating Martin van Buren as minister to Great Britain, saying, "Kill him, sir, kill him dead.” This man and his wife led an "anti-Peggy" coalition in the Petticoat Affair. After this man's death, his Fort Hill plantation was sold and later became the main campus of Clemson University. For the point, name this South Carolinian who served as vice president to both John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson. | John C (aldwell) Calhoun |
| One of these beings named Cissus [[KISS-ooss]] was turned into an ivy plant while climbing a tree. One of these beings named Ampelos was a lover of Dionysus who was turned into the first grapevine after being killed by a bull. For the point, identify these creatures from Greek mythology which are portrayed as woodland gods with physical traits resembling a goat. | Satyr (or Silenos; or Silenus) |
| Kenneth Stampp deemed this era the "last great crusade of nineteenth-century romantic reformers." The Beardian School of historians claimed this era was a failure due to corruption, which came to a head during the concurrent Gilded Age. The regressive Dunning School of the early-20th century blames the failure of this era on northern Scalawags duping undereducated Black people. For the point, name this period of Black enfranchisement after the conclusion of the American Civil War. | Reconstruction era (prompt on descriptive answers) |
| The Kesh Temple Hymn is sometimes considered the earliest known example of this literary form, whose Romantic style was begun by Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads. Rupi Kaur is a bestselling writer in this form, along with 2020 Nobel Prize winner Louise Glück [[GLICK]]. For the point, name this literary form, the “Epic” type of which includes the Iliad and the Odyssey. | Poetry (or Epic Poetry; accept Poems; or Poesy) |
| A king of this name implemented the Sound Dues on ships sailing between Sealand and Scania after defeating the Hanseatic League in 1427. Another ruler of this name was the first male leader of the Kalmar Union and the successor of his mother, Margaret. That Danish king was the seventh of this name, and an earlier leader of this name founded the first Norse settlement in Greenland. For the point, give this first name of a Viking explorer known as “the Red." | Eric (accept Erik the Red; accept Eric of Pomerania; accept Eric VII [[the Seventh]]) |
| Former Pennsylvania chief justice and governor Thomas McKean represented this other U.S. state at the Continental Congress. Another signer of the Declaration of Independence from this state, George Read, initially voted against it, which caused a third delegate from this state to ride 70 miles on horseback through a thunderstorm to break the tie. Caesar Rodney represented, for the point, what U.S. state, the first state to adopt the U.S. Constitution? | Delaware |
| This leader supposedly stated “the die is cast” after crossing the Rubicon and starting a civil war. After his victory at Zela, this leader is recorded as stating, “I came, I saw, I conquered.” With Crassus and Pompey, this leader made up the First Triumvirate. For the point, name this dictator of Rome who was assassinated by a group of senators on the Ides of March. | Gaius Julius Caesar (prompt on "Caesar") |