| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This man’s military theories were extended by the School of Salamanca, who argued that war must only be pursued if it prevents a “greater evil.” This man extended Augustine’s theories by arguing that war should only be pursued if was for a (+) good cause, was carried out by the right authority, and was in pursuit of peace. (*) For the point, name this philosopher who outlined his theories of war in Summa Theologica. | Thomas Aquinas |
| Around 100 BC, the Celtic and Roman armies employed a type of these objects called the Coolus, which then co-existed with a version called Montefortino. The Sagittarii employed the Auxiliary Infantry D variety of these objects. Myrmilliones (+) often donned a style of these objects with a fish on its crest, called the galea. (*) For the point, name this equipment used in warfare to protect a soldier's head. | Helmets (accept Coolus Helmet; accept Montefortino Helmet; accept Auxiliary Infantry D Helmet; accept Galea before mentioned; prompt on answers similar to "Hat") |
| On his way to a training camp in this film, the protagonist is told by the village Podestà, "Most of us. . .have one life to give for the fatherland, but you, you have no limit." In this film, the protagonist is ordered to be shot after performing a musical number making fun of Benito Mussolini. (+) In this film, the protagonist is born after his father cuts down a tree planted in memory of his son who died in World War One. (*) For the point, name this 2022 stop-motion adaptation of a Carlo Collodi work about a wooden puppet, directed by Guillermo del Toro. | Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio |
| This figure oversaw the massacre of Samaritan pilgrims en route to Mount Gerizim searching for artifacts connected to Moses. This governor hung golden shields inscribed with Tiberius Caesar's name at Herod's Palace in Jerusalem. This general, who served as the fifth governor of the province of (+) Judaea, asked, "What is truth?" to a man whom he later had executed. Ordering the crucifixion of Jesus (*) Christ, for the point, who was this Roman general? | Pontius Pilate (or Pontius Pilatus) |
| The earliest known schools used to teach these individuals were located in the territory of Campania. A mosaic in the Galleria Borghese [[bor-GEH-zeh]] which is named after these individuals includes a panel featuring two bestiarii and eight panthers. (+) These individuals were typically categorized into types, which included Andabata, who were (*) blindfolded. For the point, name these combatants who fought in amphitheaters like the Roman Colosseum. | Gladiators |
| Augustus was awarded a golden example of these objects by the Senate for nominally "restoring the Republic" after his civil war with Mark Antony. The clipeus and the scutum are examples of these objects, which were often decorated with images of eagle wings (+) and lightning bolts. These objects were locked together in the testudo formation, and went from (*) round to rectangular when the maniple formation replaced the phalanx. For the point, name these large, wooden objects used to protect soldiers. | Shields (accept Clipeus before mentioned) |
| While visiting the Quirinal Palace, this man was informed by Victor Emmanuel that the Italian boot had 52 nails in the sole and 22 nails in the heel. Though he did not sign it, this man was present at the signing of the (+) Pact of Steel between his country and Italy. (*) For the point, name this leader of Nazi Germany. | Adolf Hitler |
| This ruler executed his son, Xiphares [[zee-FAH-rehss]], to punish his wife for surrendering the fortress of Coenum [[KEE-num]]. According to Pliny the Elder, this ruler was capable of speaking all 22 languages in his kingdom, and after an invasion by the Kingdom of Bythinia, this ruler ordered the Asiatic Vespers, (+) a genocide of Roman citizens in Asia Minor. This ruler failed to raise an army to avenge his defeat by Pompey the Great following a rebellion by his son, leading to this man's suicide. (*) For the point, name this enemy of Rome, who was allegedly immune to poisoning. | Mithridates the Great (or Mithridates the Sixth Eupator) |