| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This river, which is the largest tributary of the Aripuanã River, had its discovery verified by explorer George Miller Dyott. That man verified an expidition of this river sponsored by the American Museum of Natural History. This river was formerly known as the Rio da Dúvida, or "River of Doubt," before it was explored on an expedition co-led by Cândido Rondon, and on that journey, this river's namesake was aided by rubber-tappers before he returned to Manaus. For the point, identify this Brazilian river named for a U.S. president. | Roosevelt River (or Rio Roosevelt; accept Rio Teodoro; accept Rio da Dúvida or River of Doubt before mentioned) |
| This city is the largest on the Mondego River, and it is situated on the Lusitanian ruins of Aeminium. A colony of bats in this city's Biblioteca Joanina protects books from damage by insects, and this city was named as its country's first capital by Afonso the First. Behind Salamanca, this city contains the second- oldest university on the Iberian Peninsula, and it is situated roughly a third of the way between Porto and Lisbon. For the point, name this city, home to the world's oldest Portuguese-speaking university. | Coimbra (accept University of Coimbra) |
| These islands were owned by the Clunies-Ross family as a copra plantation for over a century. These islands were purposefully on "double sunrise" flights from Perth to Galle in order to avoid drawing Japanese attention to them, and were formerly administered by Ceylon and Singapore. These islands, the two largest of which are Home and West Islands, are inhabited primarily by Malays. For the point, name these islands, one of the two inhabited Australian territories in the Indian Ocean along with Christmas Island. | Cocos Keeling Islands (accept either underlined portion) |
| This county contains the largest base of the U.S. Marines at Twentynine Palms, and its community of Loma Linda is famed for the longevity of its residents. In this county, the city of Redlands housed a ranch outpost of a mission built with Tongva slave labor. This county, the most populous besides Miami-Dade with a Hispanic majority, includes the site of the first McDonald’s. For the point, name this largest county by area in the United States, situated east of Los Angeles. | San Bernardino County |
| This route was first traversed by the SS Vega commanded by Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld. Nuclear- powered vessels such as 50 Let Pobedy and Taymyr help make this route navigable, and in the 1600s, the Mangazeya seaway traversed part of this route east of Arkhangelsk. This route is more practical than a western counterpart due to the ice-free nature of the Barents Sea. For the point, name this maritime route which traces the northern coast of Siberia to allow for navigation between Europe and Asia. | Northeast Passage (do not accept or prompt on "Northwest Passage") |
| This state contains the Tirumala Venkateswara Temple, which honors a form of Vishnu which saved the world from the Kali Yuga. This state's planned capital of Amaravati is situated on the banks of the Krishna River, and it is situated near the former capital of the Satavahana dynasty. This state was formerly governed from Hyderabad until its northwestern portion became its own state in 2014. For the point, name this elongated coastal state of India where Telugu is spoken. | Andhra Pradesh |
| This community is home to the FNB Stadium, also known as the "Calabash," which hosted the 2010 World Cup Final. Rolling Stone’s "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" included the The Indestructible Beat of [this township], which was the former residence of Desmond Tutu and Nelson Mandela. The International Day of the African Child memorializes Hector Pieterson and other students who were shot in this township during a protest against the teaching of Afrikaans. For the point, name this suburb of Johannesburg that was the site of a 1976 uprising. | Soweto (accept The Indestructible Beat of Soweto; accept Soweto Uprising) |
| This town forms an urban area with Portales, which includes an archeological site at Blackwater Draw. This town was renamed after the first Catholic king of the Franks. This town is the largest on the western side of the Llano Estacado in New Mexico, situated near the border with Texas. A society named for this town diminished due to the Younger Dryas cooling, which coincided with the extinction of the Columbian Mammoth. For the point, name this rural town which names the oldest known culture in the Americas. | Clovis, New Mexico |
| This empire's founder established his rule with the Siege of Balkh in Transoxiana. This empire's second capital was the city of Herat, and the city square of Registan was constructed during its "renaissance" period. This empire, which succeeded the Chagatai Khanate, had one of its princes, Babur, establish a kingdom in Kabulistan that later became the Mughal Empire. For the point, name this Turko- Mongolian and Persianate empire that dominated Central Asia in the 1400s, led by Tamerlane. | Timurid Empire (or Gūrkāniyān) |
| The Thoen Stone claims that Ezra Kind was the first person to discover gold in this region and is on display in the town of Deadwood. This region is the subject of a nearly $2 billion uncollected settlement account following an 1890 Supreme Court decision to determine legal rights to this region. After an expedition led by George Custer publicized this region's gold deposits, the U.S. violated the Treaty of Fort Laramie and forcibly removed the Lakota. For the point, name this region that now includes the Crazy Horse Memorial and Mount Rushmore. | Black Hills |
| This country's port of Obock was planned to host the first foreign military base of China, although it was later relocated to its Port of Doraleh. This country has the smallest population of any country in mainland Africa. This country was the only colony of France on mainland Africa to border the Indian Ocean when it was known as the Territory of the Afars and the Issas. For the point, name this small country on the Horn of Africa, the legal successor state of French Somaliland. | Republic of Djibouti (or Republique de Djibouti; or Jumhuriyat Jibuti; accept French Somaliland before mentioned) |
| This county hosts Travers Stakes, the oldest stakes race in the U.S., and also houses the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame. Skidmore College is located in this county's namesake "Springs," located between the Mohawk River and Adirondack Mountains. This county was the namesake of a 1777 battle in which John Burgoyne surrendered to Horatio Gates. Located north of Albany, this is, for the point, what county in Upstate New York, the site of a battle called the "turning point of the American Revolution?" | Saratoga County (accept Saratoga Springs; accept Battle of Saratoga) |
| This site features a "Poison Garden" which displays plants such as wolfsbane and ricin. Some believe a rock within this site to be the Lia Fáil, a rock which actually lies on the Hill of Tara in County Meath. This site, which served as the historic seat of the Muskerry branch of the McCarthy Dynasty, had its most famous relic gifted by Robert the Bruce of Scotland. Lying just outside the city of Cork, this is, for the point, what castle whose legendary "stone of eloquence" grants those who kiss it the "gift of gab" in Ireland? | Blarney Castle (or Caisleán na Blarnan; accept Blarney Stone) |
| A pagoda overlooks this city at Fort Cépérou, which is named for a chief of the mainland Caribs. This city administers Îlet la Mère, which was used by the Pasteur Institute as a monkey farm where an anti- malaria vaccine was developed. This is the largest Francophone city on the mainland of Latin America, and it shares its name with the main product used in crushed red pepper flakes. For the point, name this city, the capital of French Guiana. | Cayenne (accept Cayenne Peppers) |
| This ethnic group engaged in small-scale raids known as ghazw, one of which escalated into the Battle of Badr. The Mamluk Sultanate made use of this ethnic group to patrol those crossing the Sinai Peninsula, according to Ibn Battuta. This ethnic group's name comes from a word traditionally contrasted with ḥāḍir, which denotes sedentary people, and T. E. Lawrence helped turn them against the Ottoman Empire. For the point, name this ethnic group of nomadic Arabs. | Bedouins (or Beduin, Bedu, or Badū; prompt on "Arabs") |
| This city lies at the end of a canal connecting it to Bergues, and a belfry in this city was used to create the definition of a meter. This city serves as the only coastal portion of the Nord department and takes its name from a West Flemish word for “dune.” Operation Dynamo was organized to alleviate, for the point, what northernmost major city of France, from which British and French soldiers were evacuated in 1940? | Dunkirk (or Dunkerque; or Duunkerke) |
| A 1910 breakout of pneumonic plague named for this region sparked the first wearing of personal protective equipment and hazmat suits. This region's Saint Sophia Cathedral was the largest Orthodox Cathedral in the East Asia and served as a center of the "White Movement" when it housed the largest Russian enclave outside the USSR. This region's Unit 731 was the site of brutal human experiments in its city of Harbin. For the point, name this region of northeastern China, historically disputed between Japan and Russia. | Manchuria (accept Manchukuo; prompt on "Northeast China" or “Inner Mongolia” or “Liaoning” or “Jilin” or “Heilongjiang”) |
| This region's borders are defined by Mount Gilboa and the Litani River. This region's highest town is situated at Safed, where Beit Castel was the hub of its art scene, which now contains a large Haredi community. Mount Tabor is located in this region, whose upper portion includes the ruins of Dan and has its largest city at Nazareth. For the point, name this Biblical region of Northern Israel that is named for a nearby "sea." | Galilee (accept Sea of Galilee; prompt on "Northern Israel" until mentioned) |
| This ethnic group had a cultural hub in Germany's "ShUM" cities including Worms, Speyer, and Mainz. Small towns known as shtetls were dominated by this ethnic group, and those small towns were largely found in the "Pale of Settlement." For the point, name this ethnic group, the larger of the two major Jewish groups, which originated from Central and Eastern Europe. | Ashkenazi Jews (accept Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim; prompt on "Jews" or "Jewish People" until mentioned) |
| This city, where General Motors was founded, formerly included the massive Buick City complex on its outskirts. This city's economic decline was featured in the documentary Roger & Me. An outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in this city may have been caused by it switching its water supply from Lake Huron to a namesake river which empties into Saginaw Bay. The American filmmaker Michael Moore is a native of, for the point, what city in Michigan whose water supply was tainted with lead? | Flint, Michigan |
| Music forms used by this ethnic group include Liquindi, a form of water drumming, as well as Hindewhu, a style of whistle-playing that uses papaya stems. Subsets of this ethnic group include the Bayaka and Mbuti, and some members of this ethnic group were expelled from the Bwindi Impenetrable Forest when it became a UNESCO World Heritage Site to protect mountain gorillas. For the point, name this ethnic group that inhabits the forests of Central Africa, so-called for their short height. | Pygmy People (or African Pygmies; or Congo Pygmies; or Central African Foragers) |
| The town of Sighișoara within this region elected George the First Rákóczi as its prince, during which he jointly waged a campaign against Ferdinand the Third with the Swedes, marching as far north as Brno [[BUR-noh]]. This region, whose sovereignty was transferred after the Battle of Mohács, served as the core of the Dacian Empire, and this region served as the setting of Bram Stoker's most famous novel. For the point, name this region ruled by Vlad the Impaler in northwestern Romania. | Transylvania (or Ardeal; or Erdély; or Siebenbürgen) |
| This city includes the former Presidents Park, which displayed the busts of 42 U.S. presidents before they were moved to a nearby farm. This city forms the northernmost part of the Hampton Roads metro area. This city includes the second-oldest university in the United States, the southernmost of the nine "colonial colleges," and it forms the largest settlement in the "Historic Triangle," alongside Yorktown and Jamestown. For the point, name this colonial city and former capital of Virginia. | Williamsburg |
| This city was served by the seaport of Gytheio, both of which were located in the region of Laconia. This city was conquered by the Roman-supported Achaean League. This city ruled over a subjected class known as the helots in its holdings, which consisted of the southern portion of the Peloponnese Peninsula. For the point, name this Greek city-state known for its militaristic culture, a rival of Athens. | Sparta (or Lacedaemon) |
| Scientist Henry Fairfield Osborn proposed that the appearance of this geographic feature created the Gulf Stream, and this feature’s appearance also joined the Nearctic and Neotropical biogeographic realms. A “silver train” across this geographic feature unloaded at Porto Bello and carried precious metals from Potosi. This feature is home to a rugged area called the Darién Gap, and this feature formed the northwestern part of Gran Colombia. For the point, name this isthmus connecting North and South America. | Isthmus of Panama |
| The city of Koromo was renamed for this company in Aichi. This company, which names an arena home to the Houston Rockets, also named a war fought over the Aouzou Strip between Chad and Libya due to the use of Hiluxes and Land Cruisers. This company, based in a suburb of Nagoya, named a pickup truck for an indigenous term for Mount Rainier, Tacoma. For the point, name this largest automobile manufacturer of Japan. | Toyota Motor Corporation (accept Toyota War; accept Toyota Tacoma) |
| This empire administered the Xoconochco province, an exclave in modern-day Chiapas. This empire fought city-states such as Atlixco and Huejotzingo during ritual "flower wars," and this empire was sometimes known as the Triple Alliance, as it consisted of three major cities, including Tetzcoco and Tlacopan. This empire was ruled from a city built on Lake Texcoco, the largest pre-Columbian city of the Americas. For the point, name this empire governed from Tenochtitlan. | Aztec Empire (accept Ēxcān Tlahtōlōyān; accept Triple Alliance before mentioned) |
| King Roger the Second of this island commissioned geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi to create the Tabula Rogeriana, one of the most detailed maps of the medieval period. That king of this island headed a Norman state, which replaced an Islamic emirate where a namesake variant of Arabic heavily influenced Maltese. A giant claw was invented by Archimedes on this island to drag ships out of the water in its port of Syracuse. For the point, name this island formerly dominated by the mafia, the largest of Italy. | Sicily (or Sicilia) |
| This city was built on the fortress of Nyenschantz at the end of the Okhta River, which was established as a foothold in Ingria, a region gained during the Time of Troubles by Sweden. This city's Zenit Arena, which was partly constructed using North Korean labor, is officially known as Gazprom Arena, and that venue in this city hosted the third-place match of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The Decembrist revolt occurred in, for the point, what city named for a "great" Russian emperor? | Nile River |
| This city was built on the fortress of Nyenschantz at the end of the Okhta River, which was established as a foothold in Ingria, a region gained during the Time of Troubles by Sweden. This city's Zenit Arena, which was partly constructed using North Korean labor, is officially known as Gazprom Arena, and hosted the third-place match of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. For the point, name this city where the Decembrist revolt occured, named for a "great" Russian emperor. | Saint Petersburg (accept Petrograd or Leningrad) |
| The Japanese explored this landmass by traveling via the Kainan Maru, where two Ainu crew members were brought for their sledging skills. One expedition to this landmass by the Nimrod pioneered a route to its interior via the extremely wide valley of the Beardmore Glacier. The cities of Ushuaia and Hobart are gateways to this landmass, which was formerly assumed to be Terra Australis. For the point, name this continent that includes the Ross Ice Shelf. | Antarctica |