| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This man's opposition to a treatise by Eutychius on the General Resurrection led to that treatise being burned and its author recanting his ideas on his deathbed. As a reference to Peter's betrayal of Jesus, this man declared the rooster "the most suitable emblem of Christianity," (+) and John Calvin declared this man the “last good pope.” A group of men led by Augustine was sent by this man to convert Aethelbert, king of Kent, establishing the position of Archbishop of Canterbury. (*) A type of chant is named after, for the points, what "Great" pope? | Gregory the First (or Gregory the Great; or Gregory the Dialogist; prompt on "Gregory"; anti- prompt on "Gregorian Chant") |
| A 2021 book by Franco Serafini is titled The Stunning Science of [these things]. That work describes occurrences of these events at Tixtla and Solkolka. A purported recent example of one of these events occurred at a Thomaston, Connecticut church and involved duplication. (+) Another noted event of this type occurred at Lanciano in the eighth century. Most often involving the host bleeding (*) during Catholic communion, for the points, what are these supposedly inexplicable events? | Eucharistic miracles (accept any response describing miracles of the Eucharist; accept Holy Communion or Lord's Supper in place of Eucharist before "communion" is mentioned; accept The Stunning Science Behind Eucharistic Miracles; prompt on partial answers) |
| Both Hannah Arendt and Benedict the Sixteenth wrote dissertations on this man and his doctrine, and a Botticelli painting titled [This Man] in His Study hangs in the Uffizi. This man's father, Patricius, was converted on his deathbed, due in part to the devout faith of this man's (+) mother, Monica, and this man himself converted after hearing a child's voice saying, "Take up and read." The author of (*) Confessions and City of God, for the points, who was this philosopher from Hippo? | Saint Augustine of Hippo (accept Aurelius Augustinus; accept Saint Augustine in His Study) |
| This idea, first put forth in the papal bull Ineffabilis Deus by Pius the Ninth, gains major support from the translation of the Greek word kecharitomene. The official feast day for this event is December 8, (+) and the National Basilica of the United States is a shrine to this belief. A fundamental Catholic idea stating that original (*) sin was not present in the Virgin Mary, for the points, what is this belief? | Immaculate Conception of Mary (prompt on descriptive answers) |
| Private correspondence by this person was published under the title Come Be My Light, and the Malcolm Muggeridge documentary Something Beautiful for God was the first to highlight this person. Following the Spitak Earthquake, this person met with (+) Nikolai Ryzhkov after travelling to Armenia. This founder of the Missionaries of Charity was awarded the 1979 (*) Nobel Peace Prize for her humanitarian work. For the points, identify this Albanian-born saint, who served the poor of Calcutta. | Mother Teresa (or Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu; or Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu; or Saint Teresa of Calcutta) |
| The fava bean is an essential part of one festival honoring this man, who it is believed saved the Sicilians from starvation through that crop. Father Donald Calloway outlined steps for a 33-day Consecration to [This Man], which led to Pope Francis declaring a "Year of [this man]" (+) in December 2020. March 19 is the "Solemnity of [this saint]," who is venerated as "Most Chaste" in the Divine Praises. Naming the largest church in (*) Canada, for the points, who was this carpenter and adoptive father of Jesus Christ? | Saint Joseph (accept Consecration to St. Joseph: The Wonders of Our Spiritual Father; accept Year of Saint Joseph; accept Solemnity of Saint Joseph; accept Saint Joseph's Oratory) |
| Prior to this event, Richard Rich's testimony proved to be the deciding factor against one man, despite statements issued by Richard Southwell and his servant. The subject of this event claimed that his indictment was void as it went against the Magna Carta. (+) The victim of this event had been recently convicted of "maliciously denying the royal supremacy." Occurring at Tower Hill on July 6, 1535, (*) for the points, what was this event, in which the patron saint of politicians was killed upon the orders of Henry the Eighth? | Execution of Saint (or Sir) Thomas More (accept Beheading or Killing in place of Execution) |
| Lucia dos Santos, later known as "Lucia of [this city]," held the "Three Secrets of [this city]," having divinely received them. The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Ortiga stands in this city, which was also home to Saints Francisco and Jacinta Marto. According to eyewitnesses, a 1917 (+) event in this city, known as the "Miracle of the Sun," involved the sun zigzagging through the sky and emitting different colors. The Virgin (*) Mary appeared to three shepherd children in, for the points, what Portuguese city, a popular pilgrimage site? | Fátima, Portugal (accept Lucia of Fátima; accept Three Secrets of Fátima) |
| In one letter, this man wrote, "Ite, inflammate, omnia," or "Go set the world on fire." This man was wounded at the Battle of Pamplona when a ricocheting cannonball shattered his right leg. After returning from a pilgrimage to Montserrat, this man shut himself in a cave (+) for eleven months and wrote his best known work, which is divided into four "weeks." The Spiritual Exercises (*) was written by, for the points, what Spanish priest from Loyola who co-founded the Jesuits? | Saint Ignatius of Loyola (or Íñigo López de Oñaz y Loyola; accept Loyola before mentioned) |
| One person involved in this event built the star fort of Palmanova to celebrate this event. Mohammed Sirocco was defeated in this battle by forces whose commander died from an arrow to the eye. In response to this battle, Pius the Fifth instituted the feast that today (+) commemorates Our Lady of the Rosary. The Ottoman Empire lost to the Holy League in 1571 (*) during, for the points, what battle at which Miguel de Cervantes lost his arm? | Battle of Lepanto |
| Pope Gregory the Sixteenth's bull In Supremo was written in response to this issue but was misinterpreted in a series of letters by Bishop John England. Gregory the Fourteenth issued Cum Sicuti to address this issue, reversing Nicholas the Fifth's Dum Diversas. (+) Benedict the Fourteenth attacked this issue in Immensa Pastorum, which was addressed to the bishops of Brazil. A participant in the Valladolid debate (*), Bartolome de las Casas, was a staunch opponent of this system. Many popes opposed, for the points, what system in which human beings were forced to work by people over whom ownership was claimed? | Slavery (accept descriptive answers; accept Abolition; accept answers indicating either African or Indian slavery) |
| Upon visiting this specific site in 1845, Charles Dickens called it "ridiculous and so unpleasant," while Martin Luther asked, "Who knows whether this is true?" upon visiting this location. The "Holy of Holies," the original private papal chapel, is found atop this location. Saint Helena (+) is believed responsible for moving this site to its current location, while Benedict the Thirteenth added wood to protect this structure in 1724. Believed to have been ascended (*) by Jesus Christ on his way to his trial, for the points, what is this Roman structure? | Scala Sancta (or Holy Stairs; accept Pontifical Sanctuary of the Holy Stairs; accept Pontificio Santuario della Scala Santa; accept Scala Pilati or Stairs of Pilate; prompt on "Rome" before "moving this site" is mentioned) |
| Aragonese nobleman Pedro Martinez de Luna lived in this city until he was forced to flee by Geoffrey Boucicaut. A man born Angelo Corraro resigned in order to end one conflict centered around this city but was unsuccessful. Gil Sánchez Muñoz y Carbón was appointed bishop (+) of Mallorca after abdicating a position of power in this city, where he was known as Clement the Eighth. John the Twenty-second and Gregory the Eleventh were two of the (*) recognized popes who lived in, for the points, what French city, the home to its namesake "papacy" and subsequent antipopes? | Avignon (accept Avignon papacy) |
| When this man heard the confession of a 27-year old Pope John Paul the Second, he reportedly predicted John Paul's ascension to the papacy. An account by Padre Agostino reported that this man once subsisted for over twenty days by consuming nothing but the Eucharist. (+) This man's last mass was celebrated to commemorate fifty years since he received the stigmata. "Pray, hope, and don't worry" (*) is a famous quote by, for the points, what Catholic saint from Pietrelcina? | Saint Pio of Pietrelcina (accept Padre Pio; accept Francesco Forgione) |
| This person's headstone, in New York City's Cemetery of the Resurrection, simply notes "Deo Gratias." This person's autobiography, The Long Loneliness, describes her godmother Sister Aloysia, who also baptized her daughter, (+) Tamar Batterham. This editor of the magazine Catholic Worker was notably arrested multiple times for civil disobedience. (*) For the points, identify this radical American Catholic anarchist. | Dorothy Day (or Dorothy May Day; or Dorothy Day Tobey) |
| A group honoring this man published the weekly podcast The Foxhole with [this man]. A photograph of this man shows him celebrating mass using the hood of a Jeep as an altar. William Hansen recognized this man in a 2003 article published by the Knights of Columbus, (+) which led to this Medal of Honor recipient's remains being identified after being discovered near a Yalu River prison camp. A U.S. Army priest during the Korean War, (*) for the points, who was this "Servant of God"? | Emil Kapaun (or Father Emil Joseph Kapaun) |
| Nicolas Trigault edited the first posthumous version of this man's papers, years after this man was offered the position of chief rabbi of the Kaifeng Jews. This creator of the Kunyu Wanguo Quantu translated the Five Classics into Latin and worked with Xu Guangqi [[SHOO-GWAHNG- CHEE]] (+) to translate Euclid's Elements into Chinese. This man was buried in Beijing, rather than in Macau as was customary for Ming Dynasty foreigners. The first European to enter the (*) Forbidden City was, for the points, what Venerable Italian, the founder of the Jesuit China Missions? | Matteo Ricci |
| This group was honored by and gave its name to a 1931 silent film produced by Seiju Hirayama. A vessel captained by Matías de Landecho, the San Felipe, was a catalyst for an event involving this group. The hymn Te Deum was reported to have been sung by the members (+) of this group, which included Paul Miki and Francisco Blanco, on the way to their execution. Toyotomi (*) Hideyoshi was responsible for the crucifixion of, for the points, what numerical group of Catholics who were martyred in Nagasaki in 1597? | 26 Martyrs of Japan (accept Martyrs of Nagasaki before mentioned; prompt on "Japanese Catholics" and similar answers) |
| This man, who wrote his master's thesis on Karl Marx at Catholic University of America, is a noted proponent of the "dare we hope" theology of Hans Urs von Balthasar. In an effort to support the National Eucharistic Revival, this man published the 2023 book This is My Body. (+) Named the bishop of Winona-Rochester in 2022, this man previously hosted a PBS documentary series titled Catholicism. The founder of Word on Fire (*) ministries, for the points, who is this American "bishop of the Internet"? | Robert Barron (or Bishop Robert Emmet Barron) |
| Bishop Hosius of Corduba's recommendations led to the beginning of this event, which was supposedly attended by 318 Christian bishops. Eusebius provided an early published account of this event, and one outcome of this event was an agreement to use the term homoousios [[ho-mo- OOH-see-ohss]] (+) to define Jesus “of the same substance as the Father,” or consubstantial. Convened by Constantine in 325, the date for Easter (*) was determined at, for the points, what council, known for its namesake creed? | First Council of Nicaea [[nigh-SEE-uh]] (accept Nikaia; prompt on "Nicene Creed" or "Niceno- Constantinopolitan Creed"; do not accept or prompt on "Second Council of Nicaea") |
| As a cardinal, this man wrote On the Misery of the Human Condition, which describes hardships encountered during life and after death. The assassination of Castelnau sparked one conflict led by this man, who, in a dream, witnessed a man holding up the Basilica of St. John Lateran. (+) That dream led to this pope's endorsement of the Franciscan order in 1210. This pope was involved in a dispute over the election of Stephen Langton as archbishop of Canterbury with King John. Beginning the Albigensian Crusade against the Cathars (*) and annulling the Magna Carta, for the points, who was this pope? | Pope Innocent the Third (accept Lothar of Segni or Lotario dei Conti di Segni; prompt on "Innocent") |
| Much of this person's adult life was influenced by a meeting with Jacques de Lamberville, a French Jesuit who taught her the catechism. This woman appeared to her friend, Marie-Therese Tegaiaguenta, by knocking on the wall following her death on Holy Wednesday in 1680. (+) This saint, given a birth name translating to "she who bumps into things," was canonized by Benedict the Sixteenth in 2012. An Algonquin-Mohawk (*) Catholic convert, for the points, who was this woman from what is now New York state, known as the "First Iroquois Virgin"? | Saint Kateri Tekakwitha (accept either underlined portion; accept Lily of the Mohawks; accept Catherine Tekakwitha; prompt on "Catherine") |
| The heart of this man began touring the United States in 2018 as the "Heart of a Priest" tour. "I love You, O my God, and my only desire is to love You until the last breath of my life" is the first line of a prayer by this man which was praised by Pope John the Twenty-third in his Sacerdotii nostri primordia. (+) This saint, who served in Napoleon's army, was inspired to become a priest after attending mass in secret during the French Revolution. Known as the "Curé d'Ars," (*) for the points, who was this French patron saint of all priests? | Saint John Vianney (accept Jean-Marie Baptiste Vianney; prompt on "Curé d'Ars") |
| Saint Anselm travelled in exile to meet with this pope following the Investiture Controversy. This Frenchman, who dealt with the antipope Clement the Third, became involved in one conflict after the Council of Piacenza. One ambassador was sent (+) to meet with this man by Alexios the First Komnenos, which led to the convening of the Council of Clermont. Launching the (*) Crusades in 1095, for the points, who was this pope? | Pope Urban the Second (accept Odo of Chatillon or Otho de Lagery; prompt on "Urban") |
| An image of this person was carried on a banner by Father Miguel Hidalgo and his followers, as it was believed that this figure was responsible for their military victories, a belief which Simón Bolívar called "fanaticism." This person appeared at the Hill of Tepeyac (+) and proved her authenticity by arranging flowers in the cloak of one man and curing his uncle, Juan Bernardino. "Am I not here, I who am your mother?" was asked to Saint Juan Diego (*) by, for the points, what apparition of the Virgin Mary, which appeared in 16th century Mexico? | Our Lady of Guadalupe (accept Virgin of Guadalupe; prompt on "Our Lady" or " (Virgin) Mary") |
| In one appearance, this man read a scene from Julius Caesar, substituting Stalin's name for that of Caesar. This dedicatee of a museum in Peoria, Illinois authored a Life of Christ and an autobiography, Treasure in Clay. Actor Ramón Estévez chose his stage name (+) to honor this man, who was originally buried under the altar at New York's St. Patrick's Cathedral. This host of Life is Worth Living was the voiceover announcer for the first televised (*) Catholic mass in 1940. For the points, name this 20th century American Catholic television and radio preacher. | Fulton J (ohn) Sheen (or Peter John Sheen; accept Sheen alone before "Estevez" is mentioned; do not accept or prompt on "Martin Sheen") |
| One painting of this battle depicts its victor riding in a chariot, below a roundel including an image of the chariot of Sol. The losing commander in this battle had his corpse decapitated and paraded around the streets a day after he drowned. That commander, (+) Maxentius, was defeated by a force that had painted the Chi Rho on their shields. Sparking the conversion (*) of Constantine the Great to Christianity, for the points, what was this 312 AD battle? | Battle of the Milvian Bridge (or Battle of Ponte Milvio) |
| Theodoric Vrie was a historian of this event, which established the Diocese of Samogitia and appointed Jogaila and Vytautas as vicars general. Jerome of Prague was condemned during this event, which began, in part, due to the urging of Sigismund of Luxembourg. (+) Haec Sancta was issued at this council, which asserted the superiority of councils over popes in some cases. The election of Martin the Fifth ended the Great Western Schism (*) at, for the points, what 15th century church council? | Council of Constance |
| One section of this agreement was revised following the 2009 death of Eluana Englaro, while another revision of this document resulted in the introduction of the otto per mille tax. Pietro Gasparri was a key negotiator of this document, which gave extraterritoriality privileges (+) to locations like the Jesuit Curia Complex and the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls. Signed between Pope Pius the Eleventh and the (*) Italian government, for the points, what was this 1929 treaty which officially recognized Vatican City as independent? | Lateran Treaty (accept Lateran Pact (s) of 1929) |
| Tommaso Maria Zigliara first drafted this document, and the former Anglican priest Henry Edward Manning assisted with later stages of its composition. Supplements to this document include the Mater et magistra of John the Twenty-third and John Paul the Second's (+) Centisimus Annus. This document encouraged the formation of unions and collective bargaining and condemned socialism. Written by Pope Leo the Twenty-third and emphasizing the church's position on (*) social justice, for the points, what was this 1891 progressive encyclical? | Rerum Novarum (or Rights and Duties of Capital and Labor; or Of Revolutionary Change in the World) |
| Charles de Lorraine was a latecomer to this event due to a French boycott. Paradise Lost and Candide were later added to one document produced at this event, the Index (+) Librorum Prohibitorum, which was officially discontinued by Paul the Sixth. Provisions of this council mandated that Catholic realms adopt the Gregorian calendar and set the number of sacraments at seven. Sparking the Counter (*) Reformation by rejecting Protestantism, for the points, what is this 16th century church council? | Council of Trent |
| In his Letter to Plegwin, this man defended himself against a heresy charge, while in this man's The Reckoning of Time, he set the birth year of Christ using anno domini. Pope Leo the Thirteenth declared this man a Doctor of the Church in 1899, making him the only (+) native of Great Britain with that honor. The author of An Ecclesiastical History of the English People, (*) for the points, who was this monk, known as "the Venerable"? | Saint Bede [[BEED]] the Venerable (accept Venerable Bede) |
| A John Everett Millais painting depicts this man on the far right carrying a basin of water to wash another man's wound. A 1540 Titian work depicts this man holding a staff, as a lamb sits by his right foot, while a Bruegel work depicts a crowd of people listening to this man (+) preaching. Leonardo da Vinci painted this man smiling while pointing up at the sky, and another representation of this man depicts Salome holding a platter with this man's (*) head on it. For the points, name this man, who was beheaded by Herod and who baptized Jesus in the River Jordan. | Saint John the Baptist (prompt on "Saint John" or "John"; accept "Baptizer," "Forerunner," or "Immerser" in place of "Baptist;" accept Yahya; accept The Preaching of St. John the Baptist) |
| A Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury painting of this event depicts its central figure speaking while his published works sit on the floor in front of him, while a 1640 Murillo painting depicts this event's subject pointing to the phrase "Eppur si muove." Niccolo Riccardi corresponded (+) with the subject of this event, encouraging a more hypothetical approach. The subject of this event had recently published a work containing Simplicio, an Aristotelian thinker. A notable Pisan (*) was placed under house arrest for his beliefs about the heliocentric model in, for the points, what 1633 event? | Trial of Galileo Galilei (accept Galileo Affair; accept either Galileo or Galilei; accept Galileo before the Holy Office; accept clear-knowledge equivalents for Trial) |
| German priest Ignaz von Döllinger was criticized for his opposition to this concept, which was outlined in the document Pastor Aeternus. A painting commemorating the official declaration of this concept depicts Thomas Aquinas and Jesus with Pius the Ninth. (+) John the Twenty-third once said of this concept, "I am only [this concept] if I speak [this concept], but I shall never do that, so I am not [this concept]." The First (*) Vatican Council affirmed, for the points, what church dogma, stating that under certain conditions the pope is not in error? | Papal infallibility (accept word forms; prompt on "ex cathedra" or "papal supremacy"; prompt on descriptive answers) |
| Exactly four years after this person's death, his mother gave birth to twins at the age of 44 and claimed this person's intercession was responsible. A work by this person describes an incident that occurred in Lanciano in the eighth century, as well as similar occurrences in Buenos Aires (+) in the 1990s. That work by this person, "Miracoli Eucaristici," also names a website compiled by this computer programmer. (*) For the points, name this beatified Italian teenager who died of leukemia, the creator of a website of eucharistic miracles. | Blessed Carlo Acutis |
| This person's good friend, Jeanne Abadie, was portrayed by Mary Anderson in a 1943 movie titled The Song of [this person], starring Jennifer Jones as this woman. This daughter of a miller and future member of the Sisters of Charity of Nevers became famous after multiple trips to the (+) Grotto of Massabielle. While gathering firewood with her sister, Toinette, this woman interacted with a figure who told her, "I am the Immaculate Conception." Experiencing apparitions (*) of the Virgin Mary in France, for the points, who was this saint from Lourdes? | Saint Bernadette of Lourdes (or Bernadette Soubirous; or Sister Marie-Bernarde) |
| This concept is debated by theologians in one Raphael painting, which depicts Pope Gregory the First and Saints Jerome, Augustine, and Ambrose seated beside an altar. Along with opposition to the sacrament of confession, this was the chief Catholic concept attacked by John (+) Wycliffe, and this idea relies on the meaning of the phrase "This is my body." Stating that the Eucharist (*) becomes the actual body and blood of Jesus Christ, for the points, what is this fundamental Catholic doctrine? | Transubstantiation (prompt on any description of the Eucharist transforming into the body and blood of Jesus Christ; prompt on "Real Presence"; prompt on "Holy Sacrament" or "Disputation of the Holy Sacrament") |
| This man supposedly authored the Radiating Christ prayer, and the phrase "Out of shadows and phantasms into truth" adorns the shared grave of this man and his lifelong friend, Ambrose St. John, located in West Midlands. This author of The Idea of a University (+) is the namesake of many Catholic centers on global secular college campuses. Converting to Catholicism in 1845 and canonized by Pope Francis in 2019, (*) for the points, who was this Cardinal Deacon of San Giorgio in Velabro, a convert from Anglicanism? | Saint John Henry Newman (accept Cardinal Newman; do not accept "John Neumann [[NOY- mahn]]") |
| This man's illegitimate daughter, Felice, appears on the left side of one work depicting this man kneeling before a eucharistic miracle. That painting, The Mass at Bolsena, was commissioned by this man. The Treaty of Tordesillas was officially ratified by this pope (+), who also commissioned a statue mysteriously bearing horns thanks to a mistranslation of the word "cornuta." Commissioning Raphael to paint scenes in the Apostolic Palace and (*) Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, for the points, who was this "Warrior Pope"? | Pope Julius the Second (accept Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere; prompt on "Julius") |
| In Brant Pitre's 2016 volume, titled The Case for [this man], Pitre describes an early realization of his that this man must either have been a "Liar, Lunatic," or another title. One possible relic of this man, fragments of headwear, was kept in Notre-Dame Cathedral (+) until a 2019 fire forced it to be moved to the Louvre. Thomas Jefferson compiled The Life and Morals of [this man], a volume often termed the "Jefferson Bible." (*) For the points, name this son of the Virgin Mary, believed by Catholics to be the son of God. | Jesus Christ (of Nazareth) (accept either underlined portion; accept The Case for Jesus; accept The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth) |
| A 2014 Jason Evert book describes the Five Loves of this man, which include young people, human love, and the Eucharist. Fourteen-year old Edith Zierer was rescued by this man, who stayed with her on a train to Krakow after she fled a (+) Nazi labor camp. This man's motto, "Totus Tuus," referred to his devotion to the Virgin Mary. The third longest-serving (*) pope in history, for the points, who was this sanctified pope, whose papacy lasted from 1978 to 2005? | Saint Pope John Paul the Second the Great (or John Paul the Great; or Karol Jozef Wojtyla; accept Saint John Paul the Great: His Five Loaves; prompt on "John Paul") |
| This man debated with Jürgen Habermas in The Dialectics of Secularization. The apostolic letter Traditionis custodes reversed a decision made by this man, which allowed for easier celebration of the traditional Latin mass. Deus Caritas Est was the first encyclical by this (+) pope, who was interned in an American Prisoner of War camp toward the end of World War Two, following his forced conscription into the Hitler (*) Youth. Born Joseph Ratzinger, for the points, name this pope who resigned in 2013 and was succeeded by Francis. | Pope Benedict the Sixteenth (accept Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger before mentioned; prompt on "Benedict") |
| A rib bone supposedly belonging to this person, which was discovered with a cat femur, was determined by Philippe Charlier to be from an Egyptian mummy. After meeting with one man, this person was told that Catherine of Alexandria and Margaret would help prepare for a (+) "special mission." This person was pardoned by Callixtus the Third and canonized by Benedict the Fifteenth. Burned (*) at the stake for crossdressing, for the points, who was this French saint, known as the "Maid of Orleans"? | Saint Joan of Arc (accept Jeanne d'Arc) |
| A Benozzo Gozzoli work, titled Triumph of [this man], depicts him sitting between Plato and Aristotle. A popular Catholic podcast is titled "Pints with [this figure]" and is hosted by Matt Fradd. One work by this man discusses arguments from contingency and universal (+) causation and formulates the principle of double effect. Outlining five proofs for the existence (*) of God, for the points, who was this Italian saint and philosopher, the author of Summa Theologica? | Saint Thomas Aquinas (accept Thomas of Aquino; prompt on "Thomas"; accept Triumph of Thomas Aquinas; accept Pints with Aquinas) |
| Due to his opposition to this event, Francis Schuckardt was dismissed from the Blue Army of Our Lady of Fatima. Schuckardt and other sedevacantists consider all conclusions reached at this meeting to be blasphemy. A goal of "aggiornamento" was preached by the man who began this event, (+) John the Twenty-third. This council issued Sacrosanctum Concilium, calling for greater lay participation in the Mass and changed many of the liturgical rites to more common vernacular (*) from Latin. For the points, name this 1962 to 1965 church council, parts of which are opposed by traditional Catholics. | Second Vatican Council (accept Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican; accept Vatican Two; prompt on "Vatican Council") |