| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In 1733, a three-act opera focusing on this man by Antonio Vivaldi premiered at the Teatro Sant'Angelo. This man forbade members of the macehualtin [[mah-seh-hwahl-TEEN]] from working in the royal palace, and this man was taken hostage after his empire repulsed invaders in the La Noche Triste. The first line of the U.S. Marines' Hymn refers to the "Halls of," for ten points, what Aztec ruler? | Moctezuma the Second (or Moctezuma Xoycoyotzin; accept Montezuma in place of Moctezuma; accept Motezuma; accept Montezuma's Revenge) |
| Hijackers of Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 ran out of fuel shortly before reaching this nation's Prince Said Ibrahim International Airport. South African president Thabo Mbeki failed to stop this nation's forces from invading its separatist region of Anjouan, with President Mohamed Bacar fleeing to nearby Réunion. This nation and France have disputed control of the prosperous Isle of Mayotte. Ahmad Abdallah was the first president of, for ten points, what African island nation? | Union of the Comoros (or Umoja wa Komori; or Union des Comores; or al-Ittiḥād al-Qumurī; or Les Comores; or Juzur al Qamar) |
| One popular narrative about this crop's Semper Augustus variety was popularized by nineteenth- century journalist Charles Mackay. The ambassador Ogier de Busbecq is credited with introducing this crop to western Europe. This crop's popularity exploded in one country after Carolus Clusius set up one of the world's oldest botanical gardens at the University of Leiden. For ten points, name this bulbed flower, whose namesake "mania" inspired a massive speculation bubble during the Dutch Golden Age. | Tulips (or Tulipa; accept Tulip Mania) |
| Agni uses this language when yoking sadas [[SUH-duhs]] to his aśvān [[USH-vahn]] in an area with no evidence of horses before 2000 BCE. This language has non-Indo-European words for plough, furrow, and threshing floor, but go means both “part of warfare” and “cow.” Patanjali said this language should be learned from the śiṣṭa [[SHISH-tah]] of the Aryan Country, and a majority of castes were traditionally held to not be pure enough to hear this language recited. For ten points, name this ancient Indian language of the Vedas. | Sanskrit (or Vedic Sanskrit; accept Vedic Language) |
| This city contains 350 spray-painted bicis, or bicycles, by Fernando Traverso to honor dissidents killed during the Dirty War. This city is the largest of the Santa Fe province, and this city's Plaza 25 de Mayo contains the National Flag Memorial that honors the creator of a flag featuring the Sun of May. This city contains a bronze statue of native son Che Guevara, and this largest port on the Paraná River is also the hometown of Lionel Messi. For ten points, name this third-largest city of Argentina. | Rosario |
| This author wrote of Hampton Court Palace and England under Cardinal Wolsey in his poem "A Spellbound Palace." A poem by this man opens, "Had he and I but met by some old ancient inn" and dramatizes a battle scene between two men. This man set another poem "In a solitude of the sea / Deep from human vanity" in a work that focuses on the sinking of the Titanic. For ten points, name this author of "The Man He Killed" and "The Convergence of the Twain," who also wrote Tess of the D'Urbervilles. | Thomas Hardy |
| This philosopher argued against the notion of "truths cognizable by the mind's inward light" in his twin essays on Bentham and Coleridge. This writer appealed to the creation of "higher pleasures" in his 1861 argument that actions which "promote happiness" are good. Explaining the "harm principle" in On Liberty, for ten points, who was this British author of Utilitarianism? | John Stuart Mill |
| Two answers required. An action undertaken by these two men resulted in the death of paymaster Frederick Parmenter at the Slater and Morrill Shoe Company. Webster Thayer denied appeal attempts by these individuals, who hailed from the region of Apulia. Seven years after a first-degree conviction, these advocates of Anarchism were executed in the electric chair. For ten points, name this pair of Italian immigrants, the subjects of a controversial 1921 murder trial. | Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti (accept in either order; prompt on partial answers) |
| The target of this event initially cried after mistaking news of it for an announcement that his pet fowl had died. This event was partly prompted by an attack carried out by Sarus, who had served Stilicho, and this event inspired Augustine of Hippo to write City of God. Galla Placidia was taken hostage during this event, which was partly prompted by the lack of recognition its leader received from Honorius. Carried out by Alaric and his Visigoths, for ten points, what event led to the devastation of a major Italian city? | 410 AD Sack of Rome (accept Visigoth Sack of Rome before “Visigoth” is mentioned; accept Sack of Rome by Alaric the First before “Alaric” is mentioned; accept Alrik or Alaricus in place of Alaric the First; prompt on partial answers) |
| The Army of God rebelled against this leader under Robert Fitzwalter. This leader was excommunicated for refusing to acknowledge Stephen Langton as archbishop of Canterbury. This man was given a mocking epithet referring to the expectation that he would not inherit territory. This leader died during the First Barons’ War, which was fought to force him to abide by an agreement signed at Runnymede. For ten points, name this English king who signed the Magna Carta. | John Lackland (prompt on "Lackland") |
| During the Interwar Period, this country's legislature included an appointed "House of Peers." This country's first constitution was enacted in 1890. During the 1930s, this country's rival army and navy assumed greater power, culminating in Prince Konoe's totalitarian regime during the early Showa years. For ten points, name this former empire that now exists as a democracy in East Asia. | Empire of Japan (or Japanese Empire or Imperial Japan; accept Dai Nippon Teikoku) |
| Though Japan has remained a democracy since World War Two, its political sphere has been dominated by this ironically named right-wing party since its 1955 creation. | Liberal Democratic Party (or LDP; or Jiyu-Minshuto; or Jiminto) |
| Throughout his political career, this man wore a green jacket to indicate his support for the Fenian Brotherhood. This man was appointed the collector for the Port of New York though his connection with Roscoe Conkling. This man once told a temperance reformer, “I may be the president of the United States, but my personal life is nobody’s damned business.” For ten points, identify this man who Charles Guiteau remarked “…is president now" after the assassination of James Garfield. | Chester A (lan) Arthur |
| President Chester Arthur signed this act on May 6, 1882, prohibiting American immigration of laborers from one country for ten years. | Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 |
| Enguerrand de Marigny became grand chamberlain for this ruler after the death of Hugues the Second Bouville at Pevlenberg. A countess of Champagne named Joan of Navarre married this man, whose keeper of the seal was Guillaume de Nogaret. This man fought a war against the county of Flanders that included the Battle of the Golden Spurs. Louis the First was the successor to this man, who expelled Jewish subjects from France and oversaw the suppression of the Knights Templar. For ten points, name this French monarch known as "the Fair." | Philip the Fourth (accept Philip the Fair or Philippe le Bel before mentioned, then prompt after; accept Philip the First of Navarre) |
| The rigid personality of Philip the Fourth earned him this nickname, which in French is "Le Roi de Fer" [[luh-WAH-duh-FEHR]]. | The Iron King (accept answers similar to King of Iron) |
| Burial remains found at this country’s site of Lake Mungo provide some of the earliest evidence for human cremation. This country’s Noongar people utilize a controlled burn technique called "cold fire," and Rhys Jones described one native practice of this country as "firestick farming." This country’s regions of Arnhem Land and the Wyrie Swamp are home to some of the world’s oldest boomerangs. For ten points, identify this country where the Aṉangu people venerate the massive sandstone formation Uluru. | Commonwealth of Australia |
| Australia’s Torres Strait Islanders belong to this broader group of Pacific Islanders who are native to New Guinea and Fiji. Dumong D'Urville took their name from the Greek for "islands of black people." | Melanesians |
| This man died in North Carolina's Butner Prison in 2021, and Senator Chuck Schumer returned $30,000 in campaign funds that this man had contributed. The Elie Wiesel Foundation lost $15 million to this chairman of NASDAQ, who also defrauded Jeffrey Katzenberg and Kevin Bacon. For ten points, identify this American fraudster, who was sentenced to 150 years in prison after pleading guilty to running a $64 billion Ponzi scheme. | Bernie Madoff (or Bernard Lawrence Madoff) |
| Fortune Magazine named this energy company “America’s Most Innovative Company” for six consecutive years before its 2001 bankruptcy and fraud spurred the dissolution of the Arthur Andersen accounting firm. | Enron Corporation |
| This man outlined his theory of the “cosmopolitan citizen” during a confrontation with the British merchant Joseph Green over unrest in the Thirteen Colonies. This man held Frederick the Great as an ideal ruler in the work “What Is Enlightenment?” During his lifetime, this man was noted for his writings on anthropology, despite the fact that he never left his home city of Königsberg. For ten points, name this German philosopher who wrote Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals and Critique of Pure Reason. | Immanuel Kant |
| Kant was a noted critic of the optimistic philosophy of this German polymath, one of two men to independently develop the ideas of infinitesimal calculus. | Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz |
| A ruler of this dynasty temporarily raised the degrees of familial extermination to ten. This dynasty gained power due to the success of the Red Turban rebellion, which was led by the Hongwu Emperor. The Yongle Emperor of this dynasty sent Zheng He on seven treasure fleet voyages. For ten points, name this Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Mongol Yuan and is known for its pottery. | Ming Dynasty (or Great Ming) |
| This Manchu dynasty fought numerous wars against the Ming before eventually succeeding them. | Qing Dynasty (or Great Qing) |
| One station on this system names the satirical Radio 4 game known as "Mornington Crescent." That station is bypassed by this system's Bank branch, whose Elephant and Castle station was where a baby was born in 1924. This system that included the world's first electrified transport of its type utilized steam trains on its District and Metropolitan Lines in the 1800s. For ten points, identify this metro system of the British capital. | London Underground (accept London Tube until mentioned; prompt on descriptive answers) |
| In 1863, the London Underground began serving this major railroad station, along with neighboring Saint Pancras. In literature, this station is known as the London departure point of the Hogwarts Express. | King's Cross Saint Pancras |
| Title of the ruler for whom Louisiana was named. | King of France (accept French King; prompt on answers such as "Ruler" or "Monarch"; do not accept or prompt on "Emperor") |
| City in which the Cabildo served as the colonial seat, overlooking Jackson Square. | New Orleans |
| Modern state where Fort de Chartres is located across the Mississippi from St. Louis. | Illinois |
| City on the Gulf Coast of Mississippi that briefly served as the colonial capital. | Biloxi |
| Islands off the coast of Morocco from which the Isleños immigrated to Louisiana in the eighteenth century. | Canary Islands (or Canaries) |
| Mississippi city named for a Native American tribe that stands on the site of Fort Rosalie. | Natchez |
| French missionary who, along with Louis Jolliet, mapped much of the Mississippi River. | Jacques Marquette (or James Marquette; or Pere Marquette) |
| Federally unrecognized Native American tribe for whom the Red River of the South was named. | Houma people (accept United Houma Nation) |
| Third letter of the alphabet, which names the primary crossing point of the Berlin Wall. | C (accept Checkpoint C; accept Checkpoint Charlie) |
| "Bloody" month, known as Blutmai, in which political violence occurred in 1929 on International Workers' Day. | May (or Bloody May) |
| Neoclassical gate built by Frederick William the Second overlooking Pariser Platz. | Brandenburg Gate (or Brandenburger Tor) |
| Traditionally nomadic people including the Sinti, for whom a holocaust memorial was established in 2012. | Romani (accept Memorial to the Sinti and Roma Victims of National Socialism) |
| SPD chancellor and Nobel Peace Prize winner who names Berlin's new airport. | Willy Brandt (or Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm) |
| Institutions naming a complex on Spree [[SHPREH]] Island, including the Pergamon and Neues [[NOY-ess]]. | Museums (accept Museum Island; accept Pergamon Museum; accept Neues Museum) |
| Large square named for a Russian tsar that contains the East German World Clock and TV Tower. | Alexanderplatz |
| Spicy fast-food, created in Berlin in 1949, with ingredients acquired from occupying British soldiers, including ketchup and a certain spice mix. | Currywurst |
| Iraqi capital and major center of arts and sciences during the period. | Baghdad |
| Collection of stories told by Scheherazade including tales of Sinbad and Aladdin. | One Thousand and One Nights (or Arabian Nights) |
| Medical condition first identified as genetic by al-Zahrawi, who studied bleeding deaths from minor trauma. | Hemophilia |
| Spanish Sephardic rabbi and personal physician to Saladin. | Maimonides (or Moses ben Maimon; or Rambam) |
| Medieval Persian poet who wrote the quatrains of the Rubaiyat. | Omar Khayyam (accept Rubaiyyat of Omar Khayyam) |
| Grand Library built to store the works collected by Harun al-Rashid. | House of Wisdom (prompt on "Grand Library of Baghdad") |
| Substance naming the three Muslim empires that arose in the mid-sixteenth century. | Gunpowder (accept Gunpowder Empires) |
| "Father of modern optics" and namesake of a "billiard problem" involving a reflection off a spherical mirror. | Alhazen (or Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham; accept Alhazen's Billiard Problem) |
| These people historically worshiped the lady of Anboto, a weather goddess named Mari. A variety of the sport pelota played by these people was exported to the US as jai alai. The Song of Roland portrays these people opposing Charlemagne, and whalers (+) of this ethnicity were massacred in Iceland in 1615, contributing to a decline in this culture’s history of commercial whaling. The only language isolate (*) in Europe is spoken by, for ten points, what European ethnic group historically located along the Bay of Biscay? | Basque (or Euskaldunak; or Vascos) |
| To protest the Vietnam War in this country, Assad Showman co-founded the Ad Hoc Committee for the Truth About Vietnam. The People's United Party is one of two primary parties in this country, whose first prime minister was George Price. The creation of this country's current (+) capital was brought about by the widespread destruction of Hurricane Hattie. The sole mainland Central American member of the Commonwealth, this country was formerly known as British (*) Honduras. For ten points, name this nation that moved its capital from its namesake city to Belmopan. | Belize |
| One ruler of this dynasty had a name meaning “Tree of Pearls,” and after losing much of this dynasty’s land holdings, she was beaten to death with a pair of shoes. Shajar ad-Durr was the last ruler of this dynasty in Egypt, and this dynasty was founded after a certain figure’s abolition of the (+) Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt. A ruler of this dynasty named al-Kamil gave Frederick the Second the keys to Jerusalem after John of Brienne blocked him from taking Damietta. Founded around the Third Crusade by (*) Saladin, for ten points, what was this dynasty that had its seat at Cairo? | Ayyubid Dynasty (or Ayyubid Empire) |
| In the aftermath of this event, an April 10 plebiscite offered a large circle to express approval of the central location in this event and a small circle to express disapproval. This event was partly planned by a group that went into hiding following the assassination of Engelbert Dollfuss (+) four years prior. This event brought about the resignation of Kurt Schuschnigg as chancellor of his country. With a name meaning "joining" (*) in German, for ten points, what was this 1938 event in which Nazi Germany annexed Austria? | Anschluss (or Anschluss Osterreichs; prompt on answers indicating the "annexation of Austria" by Nazi Germany) |
| A common source of carbon monoxide involves the treatment of this compound, which was first isolated in 1671 by English naturalist John Ray. The adjective "methanoic" is sometimes used to describe this compound, which was first synthesized from hydrocyanic (+) acid by Joseph Gay-Lussac. With chemical formula HCOOH, the simplest of carboxylic (*) acids is, for ten points, what acid, first noted in the fifteenth century as a vapor emitting from ant hills? | Formic acid (accept Methanoic acid before mentioned; accept HCOOH before mentioned) |
| In 1910, this country built the Barzan Towers before Ottoman withdrawal in 1913. In 1916, the British declared this country a protectorate, and an 1867 uprising in this country's city of Wakrah (+) led to its semi-independence the following year. This country that failed to take control of the offshore Hawar Islands was one of two that did not join the Trucial States despite 1960s designs. Lying north of the proposed (*) Salwa canal, this is, for ten points, what peninsular Arab state that was once part of neighboring Bahrain? | State of Qatar (or Katar; or Dawlat Qatar) |
| This man arranged to finance the legal proceedings of Jackson W. Giles against Jeff Harris in a voter registration case. James K. Vardaman of Mississippi criticized the decision of Teddy Roosevelt to dine with this man, who, in a 1901 autobiography, described his (+) education at the Hampton Institute and included a chapter titled "Early Days at Tuskegee." The "Atlanta Compromise" speech was authored by this man who wrote the (*) memoir Up from Slavery. For ten points, name this African- American orator. | Booker T (aliaferro) Washington |
| An 1833 Paul Delaroche painting depicts this woman being guided by John Brydges. This woman was allegedly beaten by her own mother to convince her to wed Guildford Dudley. An offer of pardon towards this woman was revoked after the Wyatt Rebellion, (+) which was led by her father, the Duke of Suffolk. The English monarch bypassed both of his sisters and this woman’s mother, Frances Brandon, to name her as heir. Temporarily succeeding (*) Edward the Sixth before being deposed by Mary the First, for ten points, who was this Nine Days' Queen? | Lady Jane Grey (accept either underlined portion; accept Lady Jane Dudley before "Guildford Dudley" is mentioned, then prompt after; accept The Execution of Lady Jane Grey) |
| This 1829 West Point graduate was ranked second in his class below Charles Mason. This husband of Mary Anna Custis issued Special Order 191, the discovery of which helped the forces of George McClellan to defeat this man at Antietam. (+) Alongside George Washington, this man controversially gives his name to a university in modern Virginia, and this man is believed to have mistreated slaves at his (*) Arlington plantation. For ten points, name this overall commander of the Confederate army. | Robert E (dward) Lee |
| This state was the defendant in an 1819 U.S. Supreme Court case against James McCulloch that defined the scope of the powers of Congress in relation to the states. | Maryland (accept James McCulloch v. The State of Maryland, John James) |