| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gideon Gono first attempted to stop this phenomenon in "Operation Sunrise." This phenomenon began due to the Economic Structural Adjustment Programme of one leader. New international codes such as (+) ZWN, ZWR, and ZWL followed each attempt at reigning in this problem, which was finally ended in 2015 by recognizing the legal status of nine foreign currencies. (*) For the points, identify this economic problem that reached a rate of 35 quadrillion local units to one U.S. dollar in an African country. | Hyperinflation of the Zimbabwe Dollar (accept any answer referring to hyperinflation in Zimbabwe or the Zimdollar; prompt on descriptions of economic issues in Zimbabwe; prompt on “hyperinflation” or “inflation”) |
| Though not Russian, this man noted his experiences in various gulag camps in his memoir titled White Nights. An event known as the “Upheaval” occurred after this man’s party gained the largest number of any party’s seats in the (+) Knesset. This founder of the Herut party was once the leader of the paramilitary group Irgun and succeeded Yitzhak Rabin as prime minister. For one effort this man was co-awarded the Nobel Peace Prize with (*) Anwar Sadat of Egypt. For the points, name this Israeli prime minister who signed the Camp David Accords. | Menachem Begin (accept Menaḥem Begin; accept Menakhem Volfovich Begin) |
| In response to the sack of this state’s capital, the Zhengde Emperor confiscated all of Tomé Pires’s trading goods and expelled European pirates from Fujian. After this state’s capital was captured by the Portuguese, its ruler (+) Mahmud Shah set up a confederacy based in Bintan to harass European ships. This state is believed to have been founded by Parameswara, the final king of (*) Singapura. For the points, name this sultanate that controlled a namesake strait important to the spice trade in Southeast Asia. | Malacca Sultanate (or Malaccan Sultanate; or Sultanate of Malacca; or Kesultanan Melaka) |
| John Walden led the capture of a building inhabited by this leader who, prior to taking power, fought against ethnic Somalis in the Shifta War. Archbishop Janani Luwum was killed during the presidency of this man, (+) whose country was the site of Operation Thunderbolt. This successor of Milton Obote once declared himself “Conqueror of the (*) British Empire.” Losing power after the fall of Kampala, for the points, who was this 1970s dictator of Uganda? | Idi Amin (or Idi Amin Dada Oumee) |
| This prime minister prevented business deals from occurring on Sunday by passing the Lord's Day Act. The idea of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway was introduced by the government of this prime minister, who was the successor of Charles Tupper. This man came to be known as "the Great (+) Conciliator" for his handling of the Manitoba Schools Question. After obtaining a law degree from McGill University, this man became a member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec. (*) For the points, name this early Canadian prime minister of French descent. | Wilfrid Laurier (or Sir Henri Charles Wilfrid Laurier) |
| Conflict between supporters and opponents of this state precipitated a trial in the castle Tre Kronor, which was followed by mass executions. This state was created by Margaret (+) the First in response to the Hanseatic League’s influence in the Baltic Sea. This state formally ended with the Treaty of Malmö, which came after Gustav (*) Vasa marched into Stockholm. For the points, name this historic state created from the union of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. | Kalmar Union (prompt on answers mentioning some combination of “Denmark,” “Sweden,” and “Norway”) |
| The Getty Villa of Los Angeles was based off this city's Villa of the Papyri, which may have been owned by the father-in-law of Julius Caesar and is home to the only intact (+) Roman library. More wooden and organic materials were preserved in this city as opposed to a nearby one due to the presence of pyroclastic material that covered it. (*) For the points, name this city that, with Pompeii, was buried in ash by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius, a city that took its name from a divine hero who completed Twelve Labors. | Herculaneum |
| The only Australian company in possession of one of these things is Hardy Brothers. The first one of these things was purportedly given to the Worshipful Company of Weavers by Henry the Second. After a spat with Mohamed Al Fayed in 2000, (+) Harrods notably lost one of these things, which allow recipients to display the royal coat of arms on their packaging. (*) For the points, name these distinctions issued to purveyors of goods and services to the royal household, whose holders include Cadbury, Uniliever, and Twinings [[TWYE-nings]]. | Royal Warrant of Appointment |
| This region was renamed Terra Mariana after it was defeated by a force led by Wenno and Volkwin. After this region was conquered, it was divided into six principalities by the Papal envoy William of Modena. This region was the namesake of a (+) crusading knightly order called its Sword Brothers. This region, which was the subject of a war lost by Ivan the Terrible, was the target of a Danish and Teutonic invasion as part of a namesake Crusade. (*) For the points, name this historic region that was centered around contemporary Estonia and Latvia. | Livonia (or Livland; accept Tera Mariana before read; prompt on the “Baltic;” prompt on “Estonia” or “Latvia” before read) |
| This man arranged to have a funeral of the father of Minik Wallace, who was among a group of people brought to an American city by Robert Peary at this man's request. Debates over whether this man's approach to one field were scientific or historical involved his student, (+) Alfred Kroeber. A study of local migrations was conducted during this man's expedition to Baffin Island. This critic of scientific racism was a professor at Columbia University who taught such students as Ruth (*) Benedict. For the points, name this anthropologist who authored The Mind of Primitive Man. | Franz Boas |
| This was the smaller of two modern-day countries with which the U.S. negotiated the Mallarino–Bidlack Treaty. A six-mile portion of what is now this country was the subject of the (+) Hay–Herrán Treaty, which gave the U.S. a lease over that plot. Once belonging to Colombia, this country is home to a structure containing the Gatun Dam and a set of locks designed by the (*) Army Corps of Engineers. For the points, name this Central American country containing a namesake canal. | Republic of Panama (or República de Panamá; Panama Canal) |
| A general named Odd Bull wrote a memoir of his experiences during this conflict, in which eleven bases were targeted in a campaign codenamed Operation Focus. The Battle of Abu-Ageila (+) occurred during this conflict, which was precipitated by the Samu Incident. The Sinai Peninsula was a key battleground in this conflict fought six years before the (*) Yom Kippur War. For the points, name this conflict involving Israel that lasted less than a week. | Six-Day War (accept June War; accept 1967 Arab-Israeli War; accept Third Arab-Israeli War; accept Harb 1967; prompt on “1967” War; prompt on “The Setback”) |
| In this year, an all-white team representing Zimbabwe won the Olympic women’s field hockey tournament while India won its eighth and most recent men’s Olympic field hockey title. One track and field event that took place in this year was the Liberty Bell Classic, and a cartoon (+) bear named Misha [[MEE-shuh]] notably shed a tear at the closing ceremony of this year’s Summer Olympics. (*) For the points, name this year in which the United States and 66 other nations boycotted the only Olympic Games held in the Soviet Union. | |
| This man introduced bills in denominations of 45 and 90 because he believed that numbers that added up to nine were lucky. This man’s Enterprise Nationalization Law created three citizenship tiers and resulted in 1967 riots targeting Chinese people. In a 1962 coup, (+) this man overthrew the democratically elected Union Parliament led by U Nu. This leader resigned following the pro-democracy student protests of the 8888 [[“four eights”]] Uprising, also known as the People Power Uprising. (*) For the points, name this longtime socialist dictator of Burma. | Ne Win (accept Thakin Shu Maung; prompt on “Ne” or “Win” or “Shu” or “Maung) |
| This conflict included the deployment and sinking of the royal yacht HMS Glasgow. This conflict, which was sparked by the death of Hamad bin Thuwaini, saw Basil Cave lead diplomatic negotations for the victorious side. The main fighting in this conflict occurred when the Thrush, Racoon, and Sparrow bombarded (+) Stone Town. This conflict was fought on August 27th, 1896, for roughly 40 minutes between the British Empire and an East (*) African sultanate. For the points, name this shortest war in world history. | Anglo-Zanzibar War (accept descriptive answers) |
| This man developed a namesake type of Mars cycler that would take travelers in less than six months. With James A. Lovell Jr, this man conducted the Gemini Twelve mission, in which he was the first man to perform work during (+) extravehicular activity without experiencing drastic fatigue. This man served as the navigator of the Eagle, the first manned (*) Lunar Module. For the points, name this man who accompanied Neil Armstrong on the Apollo Eleven mission to walk on the Moon. | Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin (accept Aldrin Cycler) |
| A 1956 Time article falsely claimed that this religion held Winston Churchill and Charlie Chaplin as saints. Adherents of this faith believe in a twelve-fold hierarchy of divine spirits and that each of those hierarchies can be divided into heavenly, earthly, and human grades. This religion's Holy See in (+) Tây Ninh contains a large sphere painted with the Left Eye of God. This religion reveres Victor Hugo, Sun Yat Sen, and Trạng Trình Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm as its Venerable Saints. (*) For the points, name this syncretic religion founded in Vietnam in 1926. | Caodaiism (or Đạo Cao Đài; or Đại Đạo Tam Kỳ Phổ Độ; or The Great Faith [for the] Third Universal Redemption) |
| This explorer arrived with a fleet that reinforced John Norreys, resulting in the opposing side's surrender at the Siege of Morlaix in 1594. After a storm brought him to Scarborough, this man who purchased the William Baxter was arrested. This man was thought to have spotted (+) Resolution Island before entering a body of water named for him that is among the Davis Strait's Inlets. A set of three voyages led by this man attempted to locate the Northwest Passage. (*) For the points, identify this explorer who names a bay indenting Baffin Island. | Sir Martin Frobisher |
| This kingdom sent eighteen diplomatic envoys to Satsuma, becoming the only kingdom to serve as a vassal to a han. This kingdom became a Ming tribute state under Shō Hashi, who adopted the Chinese court structure at his (+) Shuri Castle. After refusing to participate in Toyotomi Hideyoshi’s invasion of Korea, this kingdom was invaded and forced into dual tribute status to the Qing Dynasty and Tokugawa Shogunate. (*) For the points, name this maritime kingdom that was annexed by Japan as the Okinawa Prefecture. | Ryukyu Kingdom |
| In this city, Jean-Frédéric Waldeck lived for two years inside a building now known as the Temple of the Count. This site's Tomb of the Red Queen was discovered in 1994 and is also known by the name Temple Thirteen. This city was known as (+) "Flat-Place-River '' or Lakamha [LAH-kuh- MAH] in the local Itza language. Home to the Temple of Inscriptions (*), for the points, what is this historic city-state in present-day Chiapas that is home to the tomb of Pakal the Great? | Palenque (or Bàakʼ; accept Lakamha before read) |
| One conflict in this region led to the rendering of portions of the Janapar Trail as non- traversable. A set of peace settlements regarding a conflict in this region is known as the Madrid Principles. The 44-Day War was a 2020 conflict in this region, where violence occurred in 1988 in cities like Stepanakert. (+) A state known as the Republic of Artsakh in this region has been recognized by several nations and is in the South (*) Caucasus. For the points, name this region disputed by Armenia and Azerbaijan. | Nagorno-Karabakh (accept Upper Karabakh) |
| During World War Two, this man joined an African unit in the Free French Forces and took part in the capture of Brazzaville. This man was the target of the successful Operations Caban and Barracuda. This man overthrew the regime of David (+) Dacko before committing a self-coup a decade later and spending a crippling third of his country’s annual budget on his coronation, including the construction of a massive golden (*) eagle throne. For the points, name this flamboyant dictator and emperor of Central Africa. | Jean-Bédel Bokassa (or Bokassa the First) |
| This historical region was likely used to harvest timber for the Eastern settlement of a nearby island until the mid-15th century. A village led by Helgi and Finnbogi in this region was massacred by Freydis, and this region, along with Helluland and Markland, was abandoned (+) after violent interactions with the native “Skraelings.” The only known settlement remaining in this historical region is (*) L’Anse aux Meadows. Discovered by Leif Eriksson, ftp, what was this Norse-colonized region of Canada? | Vinland (prompt on “ (Norse) Canada” or “Newfoundland”) |
| The implementation of this system resulted in the Scissors Crisis. Those who took advantage of this system were known as its namesake “men,” and this system was abandoned in 1928 by Joseph (+) Stalin with the Great Break. This system abolished forced grain requisition and introduced a tax on farmers, and it incorporated a mixed economy that allowed individuals to own their own businesses. (*) For the points, name this Soviet economic system devised by Lenin in 1921 as a temporary compromise between capitalism and communism. | New Economic Plan (or Novaja ekonomičeskaja politika; or NEP) |
| The Sulby Hedges were the starting point of a charge led by John Okey at this battle, which took place after marching orders were given to relieve the city of Taunton. The Earl of Carnwath prevented one monarch from leading a rescue attempt at this battle, which resulted in the (+) capture of a correspondence in which said king sought the support of the Irish Catholic Confederation. Thomas Fairfax was among the winning commanders at this 1645 defeat for the (*) Royalists. For the points, name this major battle of the early English Civil War. | Battle of Naseby |
| 2,300 of these individuals were thwarted in an effort led by Patrick Gordon. Grigory Kotoshikhin claimed that axes were used by these units to tear down buildings and prevent the spread of fires. Vasily Surikov painted a work focused on the execution of these people (+) who took part in an event that contributed to one monarch's decision to cut short a tour of Europe known as the Grand Embassy. Known for their use of (*) firearms, for the points, who were these Russian infantry soldiers who led a 1698 rebellion against Peter the Great? | Streltsy (prompt on “shooters” or “riflemen” or “musketeers”) |
| This man banned the use of precious metals as currency, instead creating an iron one called the Pelanor. This man created a marriage ceremony in which women shaved their heads and were ritually kidnapped. One legend states that this man (+) starved himself to avoid returning home, thus eternally binding a city to an oath to him. According to a biography by Plutarch, this man consulted the Oracle of Delphi after studying in Crete and was then divinely given a new constitution. (*) For the points, name this semi-legendary lawgiver of Sparta. | Lycurgus |
| According to the Shi Yi Ji by Taoist scholar Wang Jia, this figure was assisted in one task by a black turtle and a yellow dragon. This person, who devised a series of irrigation (+) canals with Hou Ji was succeeded in one position by his son Qi [[CHEE]]. This son of Gun, the Count of Chong, is the head of the Five Kings of the Water Immortals in the tradition of one faith. (*) For the points, name this legendary king who introduced flood control to China and founded the first dynasty, the Xia. | Yu the Great |
| One activist for the people was the nineteenth-century writer Handrij Zejler [[HAND-re ZEH- lehr]]. Albin Moller was a Lutheran pastor who printed the first book in these people's language in 1574. The city of Bautzen contains these people's namesake "House" and Museum. (+) Traditional locales of these people include the Spreewald and the city of Cottbus, which contains a gymnasium for this people's "Lower" dialect. (*) For the points, name this Slavic ethnic group, also called the Wends and Lusatians, known for historically being persecuted in eastern Germany. | Sorbs (or Sorbians; accept Lusatians or Wends before mentioned; prompt on "Slavs;" do not accept or prompt on "Serbs.") |
| Pope Pius the Second referred to this man as Athleta Christi, or “Champion of Christ.” This man married a member of the House of Szilágyi named Elizabeth. Along with John of Capistrano, this man led one force to victory at the Triumph of Nándorfehérvár. This man's ally, Władysław [[VWAH-dih- SWAV]] the Third, was killed in a defeat against (+) Murad the Second at Varna, which occurred a decade before this voivode of Transylvania defended Belgrade from a 1456 siege. The father of (*) Matthias Corvinus, for the points, who was this Hungarian nobleman and military leader? | John Hunyadi (accept Hunyadi János; accept Ioan de Hunedoara; accept Janko Hunjadi; accept Sibinjanin Janko) |
| The second of six tableaus in this work focuses on the baptism of one group by Bishop Henry. Due to one country's policies, this work came to have such titles as "Happy Feelings at the Awakening" of its composer's country's spring. The Press Celebrations of (+) 1899 inspired this work, the premiere of which was conducted by Robert Kajanus. This work was never released under its composer's supervision, just as was the case with the earlier (*) Karelia Suite. For the points, identify this historically themed suite by Jean Sibelius. | Finlandia (accept A Scandinavian Choral March) |
| One man claimed that these texts "surpass the libraries of all the philosophers, both in weight of authority, and in plenitude of utility." Sextus Aelius Paetus Catus (+) wrote a commentary on this set of texts, which arose after the conflict of the orders. The eighth section of this work deals with delicts and torts, and the efforts of the plebeians led to the passage of this 449 BCE set of texts that were prepared by a group of (*) jurists. For the points, name these foundational texts of Roman law. | The Laws of the Twelve Tables |
| At the conclusion of the Uruguay Round, this organization was established by an agreement signed in Marrakesh. The Ministerial Conference serves as the leadership body (+) of this organization, which met prior to the outbreak of the N30 protests. Proponents of anti-capitalism were among those who protested this organization in 1999 during the Battle of (*) Seattle. For the points, name this global organization that regulates the exchange of goods and services. | World Trade Organization (accept WTO) |
| This was the second president under whom Saturnino Cedillo served as Secretary of Agriculture. This man's predecessor was given the nickname Jefe Máximo. Article 27 of this man's constitution was invoked to undertake one expropriation, and this man won a (+) 1934 presidential election after being endorsed by the former holder of the position, Plutarco Elías Calles. Pemex was a state-owned company founded during the tenure of, (*) for the points, what Mexican president who nationalized his country's oil? | Lázaro Cárdenas del Río |
| An image of this deity was brought from Emesa by a teenager who was heir to the Severan throne. The Tomb of the Julii found in the Vatican Necropolis contains a depiction of this deity riding a chariot. Some historians claim that (+) Aurelian's image of this deity was based on the Mesopotamian deity Shamash, and the cult of this deity was brought by Elagabalus to Rome. Sometimes referred to as (*) Helios, for the points, who was this official Roman solar deity with a name meaning “Unconquered Sun?” | Sol Invictus (prompt on "Sol;" prompt on "Helios" before mentioned) |
| With regard to an event on this island, Karl Schranz was disqualified amidst attempts by Avery Brundage to crack down on those who were not technically amateurs. It’s not Munich, but this island was the host of a 1972 Olympic Games. (+) Prior to the 16th century, one country's governance of this island extended only to the Oshima Peninsula, and the Seikan Tunnel extending south of this island had its origins in the Taisho era. A significant population of the (*) Ainu have historically lived on, for the points, what northernmost main island settled by the Japanese? | Hokkaido (accept Aynumosir; or Yaunmosir; accept Ezo) |