| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This person established the first indigenous political party in her home country, Winaq, and ran for president in both 2007 and 2011. This woman’s autobiography Crossing Borders describes her service as spokesperson for UNESCO’s International Decade of the World's (+) Indigenous Peoples. This woman earned a Nobel Peace Prize in 1992 for promoting indigenous rights and inter- ethnic reconciliation during a 30-year civil war. (*) For the points, name this K’iche’ activist from Guatemala. | Rigoberta Menchu Tum |
| A work titled for this holiday by Ernesto Biondi was the subject of a 1905 suit of the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art. One religious group compared this holiday’s practice of munera to human sacrifice. A master of ceremonies (+) chosen during this celebration inspired later holidays' concept of the Lord of Misrule. Slaves took part in carnivals during this holiday, which may have inspired some aspects of (*) Christmas. For the points, name this Roman festival that was dedicated to the father of Jupiter. | Saturnalia |
| This speech claims that “if a man is able to serve the state, he is not hindered by the obscurity of his condition.” This speech calls for certain reputations to “not be imperiled in the mouth of a single individual.” This speech's orator claims that "as a city we are the school of (+) Hellas." This speech is recounted in the second book of the best-known work by Thucydides. Delivered in the fifth century BCE after the first year of the (*) Peloponnesian War, for the points, what was this speech by an Athenian statesman? | Pericles's Funeral Oration (prompt on partial answer) |
| A secretary named Philipp Sattler claimed that the man who had "done the most to sustain the wavering battleline" at this engagement was Dodo zu Innhausen und Knyphausen. Pleissenburg fortress was the site of the embalming of Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim after this engagement, (+) which took place in 1632. Among the 6,000 casualties for one side during this battle was a monarch of the House of Vasa known as the “Lion of the (*) North.” For the points, name this Thirty Years' War battle at which Gustavus Adolphus was killed. | Battle of Lützen |
| This person taught at Harvard, where he was succeeded by Arthur Schlesinger, Sr. This former professor at the University of Wisconsin is the namesake of an award given by the Organization of American Historians that (+) honors the best book on American history by a first- time author. This person won a Pulitzer Prize for his work titled Significance of Sections in American History. Submitting his most well-known thesis at the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair, (*) for the points, who is this American historian who proposed the Frontier Thesis? | Frederick Jackson Turner |
| Ross E. Dunn wrote a piece on the Adventures of this man, whose historicity he analyzed. This man claimed he "forsook [his] home as birds forsake their nests" during one undertaking that occurred years before he went to Kilwa. Roughly 117,000 kilometers (+) were covered by the efforts of this author of the Rihla, which was roughly five times that of Marco Polo. Born in the Marinid city of Tangier, this man hailed from the (*) Maghreb. For the points, name this North African traveler who wrote extensively of his experiences. | Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Battutah (accept ʾAbū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al- Lawātiyy aṭ-Ṭanjiyy ibn Baṭṭūṭah) |
| The “Edinovertsy” were members of this group who were able to rejoin one church while still maintaining certain rites. This group rejected certain reforms under the leadership of Avvakum Petrov, and many of its communities were rediscovered during the colonization of (+) Siberia. This group refused to conduct a procession counterclockwise and do the sign of the cross with three fingers. Rejecting the reforms of Patriarch Nikon, (*) for the points, who were these Russian Orthodox practitioners who refused to conduct rituals in the style of the Greeks? | Old Believers (or Old Ritualists; or Starovery; or Staroobryadtsy) |
| In the affected country, the fourth Saturday of each November is an observance in memory of this event, during which a set of 400 locations were placed on a "black board." The Law of the Spikelets was criticized by one group during this period in which "Decline in draught power" (+) and "Quality of cultivation" were cited as causes. One estimate claims that five million people died in this 1932-1933 event that affected such cities as (*) Kharkiv and Odessa. Sometimes known by a name meaning "to kill by starvation," for the points, what was this Ukrainian famine? | Holodomor (accept moryty holodom; accept Terror-Famine; prompt on "Great Famine") |
| This building lies on the former site of a customs house designed by Edward Taylor. This building was initially constructed as a post office designed by the Swede Carlos Kihlberg. This building, which contains the Seat of Rivadavia, was largely replaced as a residence by the (+) Quinta de Olivos. This building on Balcarce Street overlooks the Plaza de Mayo and contains a balcony where a first lady once delivered speeches to the (*) Descamisados. For the points, name this historic office of Argentine presidents. | Casa Rosada (or Pink House) |
| A unit of measurement named for this man is equivalent to one-twelfth of a carbon-twelve atom, and chemist William Higgins claimed this man plagiarized his work. Color blindness is sometimes named for this man after he reported the hereditary nature of the condition was to the (+) Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society. The law of multiple proportions is named in honor of this man, and that law was conceived by this man in part based on the work of Antoine Lavoisier. (*) For the points, name this English scientist known for pioneering atomic theory. | John Dalton (accept Daltonism) |
| Dr. Han, a dentist from Fulin, was executed after saying one of these objects looked like a sweet potato. A 1960s obsession with these objects began shortly after Pakistani Foreign Affairs Minister Mian Arshad Hussain presented another country's leader with a box of the Sindhri variety of them. (+) That leader then regifted some of these objects to supporters at Tsinghua University. (*) For the points, name this fruit that was the center of cult-like worship by supporters of Mao Zedong during the Cultural Revolution. | Mangoes |
| While serving as governor, this man hosted an Irish prince who was likely the legendary figure Túathal Techtmar. This man conquered the Island of Mona by defeating the Ordovices in what is now called Anglesey. This man was recalled and denied a (+) triumph by Emperor Domitian after he defeated the Caledonians at the Battle of Mons Graupius. This man’s exploits were eulogized and likely inflated in a biography written by his son-in-law, (*) Tacitus. For the points, name this Roman general who led the conquest of Britain. | Gnaeus Julius Agricola |
| In this work, the author notes how “every shop and café had an inscription saying that it had been collectivized.” POUM recruits are described in this work, which describes the May Days and is partly set at the Lenin Barracks. References to "tomorrow," or (+) "mañana," frustrate the author of this work, who chronicles life on the Aragon front. Published in 1938, this work came to prominence following the release of other works by its author, such as (*) Animal Farm. For the points, name this George Orwell memoir set during the Spanish Civil War. | Homage to Catalonia |
| James Gladstone became the first indigenous Senate member during the tenure of this prime minister, who made a recommendation for Georges Vanier to be appointed governor-general. This man's desire to make a "forthright stand against discrimination based on colour, creed, or racial origin" contributed to the passage of the (+) Canadian Bill of Rights. This predecessor of Lester Pearson was the descendant of immigrants from Baden. (*) For the points, identify this Canadian prime minister of German ancestry. | John Diefenbaker |
| In reference to Fulcrad's rebellion, a set of annals claims that this man “accepted the surrender of the Duke of Arles.” This man’s court was thought to have completed a book of gospels known as the Cleves Evangeliary. Ermengarde of Tours was the wife of this man, whose full brothers included (+) Pepin the First of Aquitaine and Louis the German. This man took part in efforts to protest his half-brother Charles the Bald's claims to the Frankish throne. Reigning from 817 to 855 over the (*) Carolingian Empire, though effectively only controlling Middle Francia, for the points, who was this eldest son of Louis the Pious? | Lothair the First (accept Lotharius; accept Lothaire; accept Lothar the First) |
| This work controversially included more than the one figure to be depicted in a planned Auguste Clésinger work. Philippa of Hainault, the wife of a figure depicted in this work, allegedly asked her husband not to carry out a certain course of action in regard to the depicted group. Pierre de Wissant and (+) Eustache de Saint Pierre are among the central figures depicted in this work, whose figures wear nooses, as instructed by Edward the Third. Depicting an alleged incident in the Hundred Years' War, (*) for the points, what is this Auguste Rodin sculpture featuring six men who volunteer to be executed to lift a siege? | The Burghers of Calais |
| Clement Attlee opposed U.K. membership in this body on the grounds that it was "utterly undemocratic and... responsible to nobody." The first man to preside over the High Authority of this organization was Jean Monnet, and the Treaty of (+) Brussels merged the executive institutions of Euratom, the EEC, and this organization. Evolving from a proposal in the Schuman Declaration, this organization's founding was commemorated on (*) Europe Day. Achieving a single common market between its two namesake goods, for the points, what was this European organization, the predecessor of the EU? | European Coal and Steel Community (accept ECSC) |
| A creation myth of these people involved Swallow Chief asking a group to leave the first of a set of four worlds that emerged. A name meaning "Holy Earth People" or Ni'hookaa Diyan Diné, is what these people thought their creators bestowed upon them. Changing Bear becomes the wife of (+) Coyote in the mythology of these people, whose traditions were recounted during the Long Walk. Displaced from their home in modern (*) Arizona, for the points, who are these Native American people with an extensive mythology? | Navajo Nation (accept Ni'hookaa Diyan Diné before mentioned; accept Naabeehó; accept Navaho) |
| A conflict between the British and the indigenous people of this country was called the “Little War.” Navosavakandua [[nah-voh-sah-vah-kan-DOO-ah]] led one conflict in this country, the first Tuka Rebellion. In 1990, the Group Against Racial Discrimination burned the constitution on (+) Diwali as a form of protest in this country, which was briefly known as the “Bligh Islands” (*) after a sea captain passed by it en route to Batavia. For the points, name this Melanesian island country that was settled by Polynesians around 3500 BC. | Fiji (or Viti; accept Republic of Fiji; or Matanitu Tugalala o Viti; or Fijī Gaṇarājya) |
| In response to one claim, this man stated, "who is not against us, is with us." This man became General Secretary of his party after replacing Ernő Gerő in a post he would hold for 32 years. Policies of this man's government (+) that aimed to improve living standards came to be known as Goulash Communism. During an intervention, the USSR supported this man who ordered the execution of (*) Imre Nagy. For the points, identify this leader of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party during the late twentieth century. | János József Kádár (accept János József Czermanik) |
| This battle is commemorated in one country on the second of March, its namesake "Victory Day." An officer who participated in this 1896 battle is the namesake of an herbal liqueur called Galliano. Oreste Baratieri commanded the losing side (+) at this battle, which occurred in a country that at the time of the Berlin Conference was one of two independent African nations. This battle included support from Russia and France for (*) Menelik the Second. For the points, name this decisive battle of the First Italo-Ethiopian War. | Battle of Adwa (accept Battle of Adowa; accept battaglia di Adua) |
| This man founded the Crisis Management Initiative, an NGO that has mediated for peace around the world, most recently in South Sudan. This man was a United Nations special envoy for Kosovo, helping to establish peace in the region, an effort that ended with a Nobel Peace Prize in (+) 2008. Serving as president of Finland from 1994 to 2000, (*) for the points, who is this renowned diplomat whose extensive travel to resolve conflicts included trips to Namibia, Aceh, and Iraq? | Martti Ahtisaari (or Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari) |
| A unicameral council of administrators who served the leader of this empire were known as the Corps of Forty. Khizr Khan was a ruler of this empire who founded the Sayyid dynasty, which ruled prior to a dynasty made up of members of a namesake Pashtun (+) tribe. That later dynasty of this empire included Ibrahim Lodi among its members. Ruling from the thirteenth through sixteenth centuries, this empire repelled the Mongol advance (*) into the subcontinent it ruled. For the points, name this sultanate based in the modern-day capital of India. | Delhi Sultanate |
| The reign of the sixth emperor of this name marked the end of the Synopsis of Histories by John Skylitzes. The assassination of Leo the Armenian was orchestrated by the second emperor of this name, who faced the revolt of (+) Thomas the Slav. A ruler of this name oversaw the re- establishment of the University of Constantinople and the enlargement of Byzantium's navy during a thirteenth to fifteenth century Renaissance. (*) For the point, identify this name possessed by the eighth Byzantine emperor and founder of the House of Palaeologus. | Michael (accept Michael the Second; or Michael the Sixth; or Michael the Eighth Palaeologus; or Michael the Amorian) |
| This man proved his divine heritage by donning a shining gold and silver dress. In a popular account, this man emerged from the cave Pacaritambo and set out to found a sun temple. This man ruled from the Colcapata Palace (+) and was succeeded by his son, Sinchi Roca. This man founded the Realm of the Four Parts and Cusco at a place where a staff sunk into the ground. This man legendarily survived a flood sent by the god (*) Viracocha, along with his wife Mama Ocllo. For the points, name this semi-legendary founder of the Incan Empire. | Manco Capac (or Manco Inca; or Ayar Manco) |
| This speech decried how 700,000 workers in one country lacked employment, and this speech leveled criticism against a man who overthrew Ramon Grau. A set of "five revolutionary laws" were published in a manifesto inspired by this speech that was an inspiration for the (+) 26th of July Movement. This speech was delivered in court after its orator was charged with organizing an attack against the (*) Moncada Barracks. Delivered in 1956 by a Marxist–Leninist leader, for the points, what was this speech given by Fidel Castro? | History Will Absolve Me (or La historia me absolverá) |
| The treaty ending this conflict stipulated the French evacuation of Freiburg and Spanish recognition of French control over Tortuga. Half of the roughly 38,000-man army of the Prince of Waldeck was lost at a battle of this war during an engagement at (+) Fleurus. The North American theater of this conflict was named for King William, and this war was also known as the War of the (*) Grand Alliance. The Peace of Ryswick ended, for the points, what conflict that lasted for just under a decade? | Nine Years’ War (accept War of the League of Augsburg; accept War of the Grand Alliance before mentioned; accept War of the Palatine Succession; prompt on "King William's War" before mentioned) |
| A 1965 stamp commemorating this day includes a depiction of John Kirkpatrick. Held on the 25th of April, this day is a public holiday in such places as Niue and Tokelau. During a 1967 instance of this day, members of the Progressive Youth (+) Movement placed a wreath at Christchurch to protest involvement in Vietnam. Known as Rā o Ngā Hōia in Maori, this day (*) is named for an army corps that took part in the Gallipoli campaign. For the points, name this day of remembrance observed in Australia and New Zealand. | ANZAC Day (accept Rā o Ngā Hōia before mentioned) |
| The Karan Chaupar is found in this site, which is thought to contain the earliest known instance of the chaitya arch. This site contains numerous dedications to King Piyadasi, and part of this location includes the Nagajuni Hills. Found in the Makhdumpur region of modern-day Bihar, this site is home to the Grotto of (+) Lomas Rishi. A form of relief sculpture named for one empire is seen in this location, which employs rock-cut techniques. In 261 BCE, the Sudama location at this site was dedicated to Ashoka. (*) For the points, name this set of ancient rock-cut caves that date back to the Maurya Empire. | Barabar Hill Caves |
| Philip of Montfort assisted Genoa during a conflict over control of this city known as the War of Saint Sabas. In 1799, Napoleon suffered his third tactical defeat during an engagement in this city against the Ottomans. Henry the Second of Cyprus escaped from this city, (+) which he attempted to defend against a force led by Al-Ashraf Khalil. The final city in the Levant that was held by the crusaders was this fortress city, which was eventually captured in a 1291 siege. (*) For the points, name this city in modern Israel that was seized by the Mamluks. | Acre (or Akko; or Akka) |
| A famous chariot-racer named Cimon Coalemos was the father of this general, who was sent to claim the land of his brother Stesagoras after the latter was killed with an axe. Under Callimachus, this man, one of the ten strategoi, (+) advocated an immediate engagement with an enemy army. To distinguish him from his uncle, this general was named "the Younger," and a quick movement of this man's forces to western Attica (*) prevented an inland march of Persian forces. For the points, name this Athenian commander at the Battle of Marathon. | Miltiades the Younger |
| The founder of this dynasty secured his country’s independence through the Treaty of Punakha. This dynasty came to power by ending the dual system of government and eliminating the secular Druk Desi position in favor of a Buddhist king. The first ruler of this dynasty, (+) Ugyen, rose to power after uniting regional leaders called Penlops. The head of this dynasty holds the title Druk Gyalpo, or Dragon King, who reigns from the Samteling Palace in (*) Thimphu. For the points, name this current ruling dynasty of Bhutan. | Wangchuck |
| Ignaz von Rudhart and Josef Ludwig von Armansperg both served as prime ministers under this monarch, whose wife, Amalia, was the subject of an assassination attempt. Along with Maximilian the Second, this monarch was a son of Ludwig the Second of Bavaria. A set of debates between this monarch and one of his prime ministers (+) gave rise to the term for the Megali Idea. This monarch faced the 3 September Revolution of 1843 at Syntagma Square, as well as the Epirus Revolt of 1854. The British blockaded Piraeus (*) during the reign of this, for the points, what first king of Greece? | Otto Friedrich Ludwig von Bayern (accept King Otto of Greece; accept Otto Friedrich Ludwig von Bayern) |
| One patron of this place is credited with instituting the first eight-hour workday in the English-speaking world, saying: “Eight hours' labour, Eight hours' recreation, Eight hours' rest.” This settlement, which was founded by David Dale, (+) had its cotton mill purchased by utopian socialist Robert Owen in 1800. This place was largely first settled by poorhouse residents from Glasgow and Edinburgh. A planned Scottish village on the River Clyde, (*) for the points, what is this town intended to be an ideal factory community during the early Industrial Revolution? | New Lanark (do not accept or prompt on partial answers) |
| This river was explored by an 1866 to 1868 expedition led by Francis Garnier and Ernest Doudard de Lagrée. A city that was once the capital of the Kingdom of Lan Xang lies along this river, and (+) that UNESCO World Heritage Site on this river is Luang Prabang. A sergeant from Annan and a pair of Tagalog sailors took part in an exploratory effort along this river, control over which was extended during the expansion of (*) French Indochina. Once a major source of water for the Khmer Empire, for the points, what is this major river of Southeast Asia? | Mekong River (accept Lancang River; accept Megaung Myit or Maenam Khong or Láncāng Jiāng or Sông Mê Kông or Tônlé Mékôngk) |
| One member of this family broadcast a concert for the Beatles on national television that the band did not attend. One female politician from this family was known as the Iron Butterfly and has part of her large (+) shoe collection displayed at the Marikina Shoe Museum. That member of this family was ousted along with her husband in the People Power Revolution. (*) For the points, name this family of an east Asian country whose members include former first lady, Imelda, and presidents Bongbong and Ferdinand. | Marcos (accept Ferdinand Marcos; accept Imelda Marcos) |