| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This "Experiment in Literary Investigation" chronicles such events as the Kengir Uprising, and the first volume of this work was dedicated "to all those who did not live to tell it." Resulting in the 1974 exile of its author, this work follows the lives of individuals called zeks and chronicles the show trials and arrests undergone by inhabitants of the namesake locations. For ten points, name this Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn work set in Russian forced labor camps. | The Gulag Archipelago: An Experiment in Literary Investigation |
| During this period, Ronglu was appointed to the Grand Council, and the leader of this effort, sometimes known as Aisin-Gioro Zaitian, ruled as the Guangxu Emperor. Taking place three years after the end of the Self-Strengthening Movement, this effort included the creation of a naval academy and the abolition of the imperial examination. Lasting three days longer than its name suggests, for ten points, what was this period during the late Qing Dynasty? | Hundred Days' Reform (accept Wuxu Reform; prompt on partial answers) |
| This Hungarian-born activist initially found notoriety as an author and playwright, writing The New Ghetto and The Old New Land. This man worked as a journalist in France during the Dreyfus Affair, which later inspired this man's philosophical pamphlet The Jewish State. For ten points, name this man, considered the founder of Political Zionism and the first president of the World Zionist Organization. | Theodor Herzl (or Binyamin Ze'ev) |
| This king’s father suffered a stroke while returning from a trip to the shrine of Thomas a Becket. This man ordered the construction of a stone wall to protect his capital as he left for a campaign partly organized at Vezelay. Along the Seine, this man negotiated an agreement with his rival Richard the First, with whom he and Frederick Barbarossa had earlier allied against Saladin. A participant in the Third Crusade, this man was the first king to proclaim himself “King of France.” For ten points, name this king sometimes given a Roman epithet. | Philip Augustus (or Philip the Second of France; accept “Philippe” in place of “Philip”) |
| This author’s proto-science fiction The Consolidator imagined a voyage to the moon, and one of this author’s title characters is described in the novel’s subtitle as “Born in Newgate." This author of A Journal of the Plague Year was inspired by Alexander Selkirk’s experiences on the island of Mas a Tierra to write a work that coined the term “Man Friday.” For ten points, name this author who innovated the modern novel with his Robinson Crusoe. | Daniel Defoe (or Daniel Foe) |
| Due to early settlement by white Southerners, this U.S. state's "Cotton Mission" in Washington County became known as its "Dixie" region. A 2016 court ruling allowed for this state's San Juan County to elect its first Navajo-majority county commission. One national park in this state was promoted as Wayne Wonderland before being renamed Capital Reef. For ten points, name this western U.S. state, whose national parks include Canyonlands and Bryce Canyon. | Utah |
| An 1858 outbreak of this disease in California was fought with acid treatment by Victor Fourgeaud. The first Nobel Prize in Medicine was given to Emil von Behring for his work on this disease, but snubbed Kitasato Shibasaburo. 150 dogs, including Balto, sledded to Nome to provide antitoxins against this disease during the Great Serum Run. Abraham Lincoln was one of three presidents who lost children to, for ten points, what infectious disease? | Diphtheria |
| This man's "Vengeance is Ours" essay in The New Yorker led to a defamation lawsuit from indigenous residents of Papua New Guinea. One work by this author posits that the horizontal east-west axis of Eurasia led to the widespread domestication of crops and livestock, leading this author to discuss European possession of the three titular things. For ten points, name this academic known for his 1997 Pulitzer Prize- winning work Guns, Germs, and Steel. | Jared Diamond (or Jared Mason Diamond) |
| The losing leader of a conflict against this government was banished to the Oki Islands. The Battle of Bun'ei targeted a country led by this government, during which the title of shikken was controlled by members of the Hojo Clan. Established in the aftermath of the Genpei War by Minamoto no Yoritomo, this government lasted from 1185 to the early fourteenth century, before being succeeded by a government established by Ashikaga Takauji. For ten points, name this Japanese shogunate. | Kamakura Shogunate (accept Kamakura Bakufu) |
| Late in this battle, reinforcement came from troops who had been guarding ships at Riccall. The losing commander of this battle was wounded at the Battle of Stiklestad, and Eystein Orre was among the casualties at this battle that took place at East Riding in Yorkshire. Tostig participated in this battle, during which an invading force from Norway was defeated under Harald Hardrada. For ten points, name this victory for Harold Godwinson that preceded the Battle of Hastings. | Battle of Stamford Bridge |
| One work by this man was translated and published in three volumes by Joseph Buttigieg. Along with his colleagues, this man founded The New Order newspaper after previously writing for socialist papers such as The Cry of the People and Avanti! Despite having parliamentary immunity, this man received a twenty-year sentence for alleged connections to a 1926 assassination attempt on Benito Mussolini. For ten points, name this Italian Communist philosopher known for his theories of cultural hegemony. | Antonio Gramsci [[GRAM-shee]] (or Antonio Francesco Gramsci; accept attempts at phonetic pronunciation; Note: Joseph Buttigieg was the father of Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg) |
| Gramsci is known for this series of historical and cultural essays for which he posthumously received the Viareggio Prize. This collection was written while Gramsci was jailed by the Mussolini regime. | Prison Notebooks |
| This dynasty established the Four Garrisons of Anxi [[AHN-SHEE]] to maintain control in its westernmost protectorate. This dynasty was routed by As-Saffah's forces at the Battle of Talas, ending its westward expansion. This dynasty ushered in the Golden Age of Chinese poetry and included such figures as Wang Wei, Du Fu, and Li Bai. Usurped by Empress Wu Zetian [[WOO-ZEH-TYAHN]], for ten points, what is this dynasty that succeeded the Sui [[SWEE]]? | Tang Dynasty (or Tang Empire) |
| This Sogdian-Gokturk warlord attempted to replace the Tang Dynasty with his Yan Dynasty, instigating a namesake eighth-century rebellion. | An Lushan (accept An Lushan Rebellion; prompt on partial answers) |
| A cricket player from Barbados with this given name was knighted by Elizabeth the Second in 1975 and called the 2021 decision for Barbados to become a republic a “sad day.” A president’s son with this surname, who served as the first president of the Cleveland School of Architecture, designed Casa Apava, which Forbes Magazine called the “most expensive home ever sold in the U.S.” Winfield Scott Hancock was defeated in the US presidential election of 1880 by a man with, for ten points, what surname? | Garfield (accept Sir Garfield St. Auburn Sobers; accept Abram Garfield; accept James Abram Garfield) |
| Garfield, the lasagna-loving cat, was created by this Indiana native and 1984 to 1985 recipient of an Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program. | Jim Davis (or James Robert Davis) |
| A man in a black coat in this painting may have been modeled by Louvre curator Frédéric Villot. This painting commemorates an event that ended the reign of Charles the Tenth in 1830. The July Revolution is the subject of this painting that features a top hat-wearing man behind a symbolic representation of Marianne, who holds the tricolore. A woman symbolizing France waves a flag in, for ten points, what painting by Eugène Delacroix? | Liberty Leading the People |
| The woman holding the flag in Liberty Leading the People wears this kind of cap, sometimes called a liberty cap or a Jacobin cap but more traditionally named for an ancient Anatolian kingdom. | Phrygian Cap |
| One man with this name recruited a group of women called "The Trimates,” including Jane Goodall. A woman of this name discovered a set of footprints at Laetoli, which gave evidence for the development of bipedalism during the Pliocene. That man and woman of this name conducted much of their work in the Olduvai Gorge of Tanzania. For ten points, identify this surname of two married British archeologists who discovered many early hominid fossils. | Leakey (accept Louis Seymour Bazett Leakey; Mary Douglas Leakey) |
| The Leakeys were awarded the Hubbard Medal by this organization, whose iconic magazine published the image Afghan Girl and features a prominent yellow border. | National Geographic Society (prompt on "NGS") |
| In one book, this thinker claimed "no dictatorship can have any other aim but…self-perpetuation, and it can beget only slavery..." A book by this thinker that ends mid-sentence was uncovered by Carlo Cafiero and Élisée Reclus and criticizes Christianity and the technocrats. This thinker led a faction of the First International opposing Karl Marx, who had this man thrown out. Collective anarchism was founded by, for ten points, what Russian author of Statism and Anarchy and God and the State? | Mikhail Bakunin (or Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin) |
| Bakunin's philosophy was a major influence on this labor union, which was founded in Chicago in 1905 and colloquially known as the "Wobblies." | Industrial Workers of the World (or IWW) |
| This ship was christened by Alice Tracey Wilmerding, the granddaughter of Secretary of the Navy Benjamin Tracy. The fate of this ship was investigated by the Sampson Board of Inquiry, which failed to note the lack of dead fish in its aftermath. Captain Charles Sigsbee likely didn’t pay attention to the coal bunker on this ship, whose sinking was likely not due to a mine. For ten points, name this ship, the subject of much “Yellow Journalism” and used to justify America’s war with Spain in 1898. | U.S.S. Maine |
| A 1974 investigation of the sinking of the Maine was led by this man, who also wrote the book How the Battleship Maine Was Destroyed. This U.S. admiral is known as the "Father of the Nuclear Navy." | Hyman G. Rickover (or Chaim Godalia Rickover) |
| The USS Water Witch was fired upon by one of this country’s forts during a diplomatic mission. In this country, an Irishwoman used her bare hands to bury her son and partner after their death in the Battle of Cerro Corá. Eliza Lynch was the longtime mistress of Francisco Solano López, who led this country against a coalition of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. For ten points, name this South American country that was devastated following its loss in the War of the Triple Alliance. | Republic of Paraguay (or Republica del Paraguay) |
| This dictator of Paraguay and son of a German immigrant ruled during a time known as "El Stronato." | Alfredo Stroessner Matiauda |
| Modern-day nation where the ruins of Troy were discovered. | Republic of Turkey (or Türkiye Cumhuriyeti) |
| Blind poet who described Troy in the Iliad. | Homer (accept Homeros) |
| Legendary King of Troy and father of Hector who names treasures smuggled out of it by westerners. | King Priam (accept Priam's Treasure) |
| Bronze Age mainland Greek civilization whose pirates may have sacked Troy in 1300 or 1200s BCE. | Mycenaeans (accept Mycenaean Greece) |
| Confederation of raiders whose invasion of New Kingdom Egypt may have been assisted by Western Anatolian people like the Trojans. | Sea Peoples |
| Amateur German archeologist who discovered Troy in the 19th century. | Heinrich Schliemann [[SHLEE-mahn]] |
| Dead Anatolian language likely spoken by the inhabitants of Troy's sixth archaeological layer, and which is closely related to Hittite. | Luwian |
| Greek ceramic containers whose decline in quantity indicated a regression of Troy's trade near the end of its seventh layer. | Pithoi (accept Pithos) |
| World War after which Hungary was partitioned in the 1920 Treaty of Trianon. | World War One (or First World War; accept Great War) |
| Eastern European country that gained Transylvania and is led from Bucharest. | Kingdom of Romania |
| Country that fought twelve Battles of the Isonzo before taking Trieste. | Kingdom of Italy |
| Statement of principles for peace by Woodrow Wilson, supporting self-determination in Austria. | Fourteen Points (accept Point X [[TEN]]) |
| "Triune Kingdom," including Slavonia and Dalmatia, a hotbed of nationalism. | Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia (accept Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia, and Dalmatia) |
| Once-divided Eastern European country with which Austria shared Three Emperors' Corner. | Republic of Poland (accept Second Polish Republic) |
| Final emperor of Austria who was beatified in 2004. | Charles the First (or Karl; prompt on "Blessed Karl") |
| Austrian state that was transferred from Hungarian control and once known as Leitha. | Burgenland |
| Religion observed by the Sokoto Caliphate and founded by Muhammad. | Islam (accept Muslim; accept word forms) |
| Nationally named lake on which the Kanem-Bornu Empire was centered. | Lake Chad |
| Malian emperor who went on a lavish pilgrimage to Mecca, possibly the wealthiest person in history. | Mansa Musa |
| Kingdom whose renowned "Amazons" were featured in the movie The Woman King. | Kingdom of Dahomey |
| Empire centered around Gao and ruled by leaders like Sunni Ali and Askia the Great. | Songhai Empire (or Songhay) |
| Kingdom whose Catholic rulers such as Afonso the First grew rich from a slave trade with the Portuguese. | Kingdom of Kongo |
| Empire whose rulers sat on the Golden Stool, centered in present-day Ghana. | Ashanti Empire (or Asanteman) |
| Culture whose terracotta sculptures were discovered in 1928 by Dent Young near a namesake Nigerian village. | Nok Culture |
| A church in this polity’s capital houses the Sofia First Chronicle, which shares an origin with this polity’s so-called Fourth Chronicle. This polity’s First Chronicle is composed of the Commission Scroll, the Academy Scroll, and the mostly missing Synod Scroll. This polity was the (+) easternmost member of the Hanseatic League, and Rurikids ruling in Kyiv traditionally appointed their eldest son as the prince of this polity, a position once held by Alexander Nevsky. (*) For ten points, name this medieval republic, based around a “Great” city in northwest Russia. | Novgorod Republic (or Novgorodskaya respublika; or Veliky Novgorod; or Novgorod the Great) |
| An army at this battle failed to pay heed to Nicephorus Bryennius’s suggestion to suspend marching. That army stopped at Sebastaiea en route to Lake Van. Frankish mercenaries proved difficult to discipline prior to this battle, whose losing side aimed to quickly follow it up with the capture of fort Khliat. Prior to this battle, the losing commander split his force with (+) Joseph Tarchaniotes and a contingent of Varangian troops. Artuk Bey assisted the victor of this battle, which occurred in Anatolia in (*) 1071. For ten points, name this victory for Alp Arslan’s Seljuks. | Battle of Manzikert |
| The person who led this group wrote in a poem wrote of “…cherry blossoms, inviting a wind to blow them away,” before killing himself. To ward off suspicion, one member of this group, Ōishi Yoshio, spent his time in Kyoto frequenting geisha houses. In the (+) Hagakure, Yamamoto Tsunetomo asks, “What if, nine months after Asano’s death, Kira had died of an illness?” before concluding that this group would have been remembered as “cowards and (*) drunkards.” For ten points, identify this eighteenth-century group of samurai who waited over a year to kill the adversary of their feudal lord. | 47 Rōnin (accept 47 Samurai before “samurai” is mentioned) |
| The Australian writer David Stevens finished this man's last novel, Mama Flora's Family, after his death. This man created the television series Palmerstown, U.S.A. and wrote the screenplay for the blaxploitation film Super Fly T.N.T. This man interviewed the subject of his first book (+) while writing about the Nation of Islam for Reader's Digest. The author of The Autobiography of Malcom X, (*) for ten points, who was this African-American author who wrote about the descendants of the Gambian slave Kunta Kinte in Roots? | Alex Haley (or Alexander Murray Palmer Haley) |
| Forty missionaries were killed during the Taiyuan Massacre during this event that was ended, in part, by Alfred Gaselee. Herbert Hoover personally escorted American soldiers to safety during this event that saw the (+) Eight-Nation Alliance sack Beijing. Empress Dowager Cixi [[SUH-shee]] encouraged this event that was carried out by fanatics from the Eight Trigrams Society, who thought they were impervious to (*) bullets. For ten points, name this anti-foreign rebellion in China that was led by the “Righteous and Harmonious Fists.” | Boxer Rebellion (or Yihetuan Movement; accept synonyms for "Rebellion" like Uprising or Insurrection) |
| This man advocated for a "new political science" to "substitute little by little the science of affairs for [one concept's] inexperience." In a work titled [This Man's] Nightmare, Daniel Ernst analyzes the influence of Rechtsstaat ideas on the development of the administrative state in the early (+) nineteenth century. Centralization of bureaucracy is referred to by this man as the "tyranny of the majority" in one noted work, which was published prior to his The Old Regime and the Revolution. (*) For ten points, name this Frenchman who wrote Democracy in America. | Alexis de Tocqueville (or Alexis Charles Henri Clérel, comte de Tocqueville; accept Tocqueville’s Nightmare) |
| The Banishment Stela was discovered in this city in 1860 before being taken to its present- day location in the Louvre. The Great Hypostyle Hall can be found in a "fortified village" near this city, and a building in this city was converted to a Coptic church that is now the Mosque of Abu Haggag. (+) Sometimes called the "world's greatest open-air museum," this city contains a complex known as Karnak. Containing the site of ancient (*) Thebes, for ten points, what is this Egyptian city known for its enormous temple? | Luxor (anti-prompt on "Thebes" before "Abu Haggag" is mentioned) |
| The sixth holder of this office, who practiced "crazy wisdom," was kidnapped by Mongols in 1706, likely dying in the region of Amdo. The longest-lived holder of this office is its incumbent, the fourteenth, (+) who has held little power since the signing of the Seventeen-Point Agreement in 1951. The holder of this office, born in what is now China, is a supposed reincarnation who holds the surname (*) "Gyatso." For ten points, name this position in Tibetan Buddhism currently held by the exiled Tenzin. | 14th Dalai Lama (accept Gyalwa Rinpoche or Gyatso before “Gyatso” is mentioned) |
| This regime used a double-headed labrys axe as a symbol and was established by a July 1940 constitutional law. This regime that proclaimed a "national revolution" was split by a demarcation line between an occupied north and a relatively free south. (+) Using the motto "work, family, fatherland," this regime, whose final form existed in the Sigmaringen enclave, was established after the fall of a Third (*) Republic. For ten points, name this collaborationist French government in World War Two. | Vichy France (or Régime de Vichy; or État français; or French State) |
| This woman replaced Potter Stewart, becoming the first woman to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court. | Sandra Day O'Connor (or Sandra Day) |