| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This idea was analyzed in a work by nationalist historian Gerhard Ritter subtitled "Critique of a Myth." A critic of this plan opposed “a nation in arms" but was overruled by a supporter who expanded conscription measures. This plan notably intended to direct one attack through the Low Countries of Belgium and the Netherlands rather than along the French border. Named for a field marshal who was chief of the German General Staff from 1891 to 1906, for ten points, what is this plan that Germany attempted to carry out in World War One? | Schlieffen Plan (accept Alfred von Schlieffen) |
| This conflict was ended by the Pact of Zanjón [[zahn-HOHN]], which established constitutional government and the Rewarding Truce. One leader in this conflict issued the 10th of October Manifesto, detailing the misdeeds of the Spanish government. Poor civilians fleeing from this conflict settled in Key West and Tampa, and during this conflict Perucho Figueredo wrote the future national anthem "La Bayamesa.” For ten points, name this first Cuban liberation war that was fought from 1868 to 1878. | Ten Years' War (or the War of ‘68; prompt on “Great War” or "Guerra Grande") |
| In 2014, this man became the most recent figure to be given honorary United States citizenship posthumously. Louis-Aury operated a naval base in a body of water named for this man, and the Central Business District of New Orleans contains an equestrian statue of this man, who served as a colonial-era governor of Louisiana and viceroy of New Spain. The privateer Jean Lafitte was known for his operations in a body of water named for this man, who also names a municipality on the Gulf of Mexico. For ten points, identify this namesake of a Texas port city. | Bernardo de Gálvez (or First Count of Gálvez; or First Viscount of Galveston; or First Viscount of Galvez-Town) |
| This man authored the Arusha Declaration, which was a creed outlining his goals for Ujamaa and his social and economic development policies. This man who formed the Tanganyika African National Union in 1954 was also a founding member of the Organization of African Unity, which later became the African Union. Overseeing the unification of Zanzibar and Tanganyika, for ten points, who was this first president of Tanzania, serving from 1964 to 1985? | Julius Nyerere (or Julius Kambarage Nyerere) |
| Gates built in this empire were often guarded by winged monsters called "Lamassu." The Annals [[AH-nalls]] of one of this empire’s rulers describes the conquering of the Biblical king Hezekiah of Judah. After its defeat at Harran, this empire was replaced by the Medes and Neo-Babylonian empire. This empire’s capital was located at Nineveh. For ten points, name this ancient Mesopotamian empire ruled by kings such as Sennacherib and Ashurbanipal. | Neo-Assyrian Empire |
| One abandoned project by this man would have been 2,000 feet tall and the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere when completed. This architect of the Chicago Spire designed the Athens Sports Complex for the 2004 Olympics, as well as the Turning Toros skyscraper in Malmö, Sweden. For ten points, name this Spanish architect who designed the Milwaukee Art Museum, the Bilbao Airport, and the World Trade Center Transportation Hub in New York. | Santiago Calatrava Valls |
| This person was killed by Apollo after improperly drinking from the spring of Tilphussa. This child of Everes and Chariclo was given the ability to understand birdsong after stumbling upon Athena bathing. This figure was changed from a man to a woman by Hera as punishment for beating a pair of mating snakes with his staff. For ten points, name this blind prophet from Greek mythology. | Tiresias |
| This region that was overlooked by the Observation Post Alpha center contains the volcanic Vogelsberg near its center. The U.S. Fifth Corps was tasked with defending this region, which was the central target of a three-pronged attack laid out in the Seven Days to the River Rhine simulation. For ten points, name this area of lowlands near the Hesse-Thuringian border that was heavily defended by NATO forces prepared for a Warsaw Pact invasion of West Germany. | Fulda Gap (or Fulda-Lücke) |
| A central order in an event that led to this legislation was given by John J. Herrick, and that incident resulting in this legislation involved a vehicle named after William A. T. Maddox. Among the two senators who voted against this measure was Oregon's Wayne Morse. Absent a Congressional declaration of war, this 1964 measure authorized presidential use of force in one region. For ten points, name this bill that aimed to "…promote the maintenance of international peace and security in Southeast Asia." | Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (prompt on "Southeast Asia Resolution;" prompt on partial answers) |
| Shortly before his death, this man was called "the greatest thief and robber in all [of] Kent” and insulted the nobility by crudely rinsing his mouth with water. While making negotiations at Smithfield, this man was killed by officers of Richard the Second. This man attempted to stab Mayor William Walworth before he was decapitated and had his head displayed on London Bridge. For ten points, name this leader of the 1381 English Peasants’ Revolt. | Wat Tyler (accept Wat Tyler's Rebellion) |
| A 1948 election in what is now this country was rigged to ensure the defeat of Messali Hadj's Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties. This country was the site of the provisional government of Ferhat Abbas, who was opposed by the beni-oui-oui. This country that unsuccessfully used torture to defeat the FLN was the only African nation directly incorporated into France, with a department named for its capital. For ten points, name this country that became independent in 1962 after the Evian Accords. | People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (or Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah) |
| While not fully incorporated into France, residents of four cities in this West African country were legally considered fully French. Those included Goree, birthplace of Jean-Baptiste Belley, France's first Black MP, and a former marketplace for human trafficking off the Cap-Vert Peninsula. | Republic of Senegal (or République du Sénégal) |
| Following this battle, 27 rebels were put to death in the Old Town Square execution. The final goal of the losers of this battle was a failed defense of the Hvězda Vila, and 2,000 Bavarian hussars routed rebels at this battle, forcing them to attempt to form a defensive line at the Star Palace. After his defeat at this battle, Christian of Anhalt was exiled from the Holy Roman Empire. For ten points, name this early battle of the Thirty Years' War in which Frederick the Winter King was defeated by Count Tilly. | Battle of White Mountain |
| The Battle of White Mountain ended an anti-Hapsburg revolt in this kingdom and kicked off the re- Catholicization of Czech territory. | Kingdom of Bohemia (prompt on "Czech Kingdom") |
| According to legend, the eight tribes of these people were founded by the eight sons of a sacred couple who met at the confluence of the Tu and Huang Rivers. The language of these people was written in simultaneously-used Large and Small Scripts. A leader of these people named Abaoji consolidated power among the Yelü clan and founded a dynasty that eventually ruled territory stretching from the North China Plain through Mongolia and into Korea. For ten points, name this nomadic people of Northeast Asia who founded the Liao Dynasty. | Khitan People (or Qidan [[CHEE-DAHN]]) |
| The Liao Dynasty was expelled from China by this Jurchen dynasty that later conquered the Northern Song Dynasty. | Jin Dynasty (or Jin State; or Great Jin; or Jurchen Jin; accept Kin or Chin in place of Jin) |
| One radical sect of this group was known as the "Orphans" after the death of their leader. A moderate sect of this group was known for their belief that the Eucharist should be received as bread and wine, and that sect of this group prevailed at the Battle of Lipany. The heavy use of wagon forts was employed by Jan Žižka [[ZHISH-ka]], a member of this group's Taborite faction, to fight off papal crusades. For ten points, name this religious group that warred against Catholic forces and took their name from a Czech religious reformer. | Hussites (prompt on "Jan Hus" or "John Huss") |
| Jan Hus was condemned at this ecumenical council, which was held from 1414 to 1418 and ended the Western Schism by the election of Pope Martin the Fifth. | Council of Constance |
| One member of this group was struck by Zeus’s thunderbolts as he climbed a wall, having boasted that no one could stop his assault. One member of this group was promised immortality, a promise that was removed after Athena witnessed him eating human brains. This group made an oath to Phobos after sacrificing a bull over a shield in preparation for an attack. This group that was led by Adrastus was the subject of a tragic play by Aeschylus. For ten points, name this group that failed to restore Polynices to the throne of a certain Greek city. | Seven Against Thebes (prompt on partial answers) |
| The Seven Against Thebes are credited with founding this region’s ceremonial games, a feat also attributed to Heracles, who strangled a monster from this region and wore its skin. | Nemea (accept Nemean Lion) |
| In one story, a man with this name is aided by the “little humpbacked horse” in his quest to marry a princess. In another story, a character with this name rides on the back of a wolf after it eats his horse. Another character with this name consults with Baba Yaga on how to kill an immortal wizard who has kidnapped Marya Morevna. For ten points, give this prominent name in Russian folklore, which is shared by the hero who killed Koschei the Deathless and the one who retrieved the firebird. | Ivan (accept Ivan the Fool; accept Ivanushka; accept Ivan Tsarevitch in either order) |
| In one story, Ivan Tsarevich marries Vasilisa the Wise, a woman who takes the form of one of these animals. In a German tale, one of these creatures turns into a man after being thrown against the wall by a princess. | Frog (accept Tsarevna the Frog; accept The Frog Princess; accept The Frog Prince; accept The Frog King) |
| This justice once claimed, "I cannot accept the notion that lawyers are one of the punishments a person receives merely for being accused of a crime." During a period of recess, this man was appointed to the Supreme Court by Dwight Eisenhower. David Souter succeeded this man, who wrote the majority opinion for a 1962 case that found the Supreme Court can hear redistricting cases dealing with the Fourteenth Amendment. The majority opinions in Texas v. Johnson and Baker v. Carr were written by, for ten points, what liberal justice? | William J (oseph) Brennan Jr. |
| Brennan’s Supreme Court appointment made him the successor of this former senator from Indiana who remains the most recent member of Congress to be named to the Supreme Court. | Sherman "Shay" Minton |
| In November 1992, this politician was killed after a car crash near Humpolec [[HOOM-poh-letch]]. This man was forced to resign from one position after a set of riots following the World Ice Hockey Championships. Ludvík Svoboda became president at the recommendation of this man, whom Gustáv Husák succeeded as head of his country's Communist Party. The slogan "socialism with a human face" was furthered by this man, whose policies were largely reversed after an invasion by Warsaw Pact members. For ten points, name this Czechoslovakian reformer during the Prague Spring. | Alexander Dubček |
| In 1969, Dubček was hospitalized with severe cold symptoms in what was suggested to be a Soviet attack using this element with atomic number 38. This element is named after a Scottish village near its site of discovery by Adair Crawford and William Cruickshank. | Strontium (accept Sr) |
| Dualistic Iranian faith which served as their official religion. | Zoroastrianism (accept Mazdayasna) |
| Royal title held by their rulers. | Shah (accept Shahanshah; or Padishah; prompt on "King" or "Emperor") |
| First Rashidun caliph who undertook several invasions of the empire and its rival, Eastern Rome. | Abu Bakr |
| Founder of a Gnostic faith who was imprisoned by Bahram I, who denounced his works such as Arzhang. | Mani (accept Manichaeism) |
| "Great" king who wrestled Armenia from Rome and repelled an invasion by Julian the Apostate. | Shapur the Great (accept Shapur II) |
| Roman emperor who was captured at Edessa and turned into a footstool. | Valerian (accept Publius Licinius Valerianus) |
| Nomadic people sometimes known as "White Huns" who captured and ransomed King Peroz I. | Hephthalites (accept Spet Xyon; or Sveta-huna) |
| Royal standard of Persia used until the end of the dynasty. | Derafsh Kaviani (accept Standard of Jamshid; or Drafš-ī Jamshid; accept Standard of Fereydun; or Drafš-ī Freydun; accept Drafš-ī Kayi; Editor's Note: Derafsh Kaviania and Drafš-ī Kayi translate to "Royal Standard") |
| Kingdom including England and Scotland over which Charles the Third began ruling in 2022. | United Kingdom (or UK) |
| Person who began leading as sovereign over the Vatican City in 2013. | Pope Francis (or Jorge Mario Bergoglio) |
| Nation over which Felipe the Sixth became king after the abdication of Juan Carlos the First. | Kingdom of Spain (or Reino de Espana) |
| Ruler of Denmark, the world's only reigning female monarch after the death of Elizabeth the Second. | Margrethe the Second |
| Nation over which Henri became Grand Duke in 2000. | Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (or Grand Duche de Luxembourg) |
| Man who took the throne after the 2013 abdication of Beatrix. | Willem-Alexander (prompt on partial answers) |
| Branch of the House of Oldenburg of which Harald the Fifth is a member. | House of Glücksburg |
| Father of Carl the Sixteenth Gustaf, who was crown prince when he died in a 1947 plane crash. | Prince Gustaf Adolf (or Duke of Västerbotten; prompt on partial answers) |
| City in which a highway named for Eurico Gaspar Dutra terminates, the host of the 2016 Summer Olympics. | Rio de Janeiro |
| City in which the president has had their seat since 1960. | Brasília |
| Conservative who lost a 2022 bid for re-election. | Jair Bolsonaro (or Jair Messias Bolsonaro) |
| Only woman to have held the position, impeached in 2016. | Dilma Rousseff (or Dilma Vana Rousseff) |
| Emperor whose overthrow led to the first president, Deodoro da Fonseca. | Pedro the Second (prompt on "Pedro") |
| Man who led a dictatorship known as the Estado Novo. | Getúlio Vargas (or Getúlio Dornelles Vargas) |
| President from 1956 to 1961 who bore his mother's Czech surname. | Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira (or JK) |
| Sociologist who became the first president ever re-elected for a subsequent term in 1998. | Fernando Henrique Cardoso (or FHC) |
| Participants in this battle were analyzed in a 2018 paper published by physicist Ralph Kenna using network science to resolve a conflict regarding the role of Vikings. A 1,000th anniversary re- enactment of this battle was held in Saint Anne's Park in 2014. (+) Sigurd the Stout, an earl of Orkney, was killed at this battle, casualties of which on the winning side included Murchad mac Briain and a Gaelic high king. Fought in 1014 AD, (*) for ten points, what was this victory for Brian Boru's forces on Ireland's east coast? | Battle of Clontarf |
| While serving as resident general of one protectorate, this man arranged for Sunjong to succeed his father, having earlier forced the signing of the Eulsa Treaty. This man’s murderer listed fifteen reasons that this man should have been executed, including the assassinations of Emperor (+) Komei and Empress Myeongseong. This man was assassinated at the Harbin Railway Station by An Jung-geun, a nationalist seeking revenge for the annexation of (*) Korea. For ten points, name this first prime minister of Japan. | Itō Hirobumi (or Hayashi Risuke; or Prince Ito; or Ito Shunsuke; or Hirofumi; or Hakubun; prompt on "Hirobumi" or "Risuke") |
| During one of these conflicts, the philosopher Aristion was made tyrant of Athens for sparking an uprising in Greece. The first of these conflicts began following the Asiatic Vespers, a series of mass killings launched in response to a declaration of war. The end of these conflicts led to the dissolution of an alliance with (+) Tigranes the Great and Rome allying with Armenia. These conflicts escalated when their namesake ordered the massacre of Roman citizens in (*) Anatolia. For ten points, name this series of wars that were fought between Rome and Pontus in the first century BCE. | Mithridatic Wars (prompt on "Mithridates the Sixth Eupator") |
| This composer was accepted to the Liege Conservatory at the age of eight and disowned all of his works before the age of seventeen, with the exception of his Premiere Grande Fantaisie for piano. This composer who became the organ professor at the Paris Conservatory in 1872 (+) contributed a variety of works to the organ repertoire, including the Grande Pièce Symphonique. The creator of orchestral works including The Accursed Huntsmen, (*) for ten points, who was this French Romantic composer? | César Franck (or César-Auguste Jean-Guillaume Hubert Franck) |
| The fortress of Termes [[TEHRM]] fell during this conflict due to a rain shower that sparked a dysentery outbreak. Simon de Montfort the Elder was killed during this conflict by a mangonel allegedly operated by the women of Toulouse. During this war, when asked how to (+) distinguish heretics from true believers in Beziers [[behz-YEH]], Arnaud Amalric responded, “Kill them all, for God knows his own.” An attempt to exterminate the (*) Cathars, for ten points, what was this crusade in Southern France? | Albigensian Crusade (accept Cathar Crusade before “Cathars” is mentioned, prompt after; prompt on "Crusades") |
| Members of this religion operate a vegetarian meal charity known as Food for Life. This religion operates the New Vrindaban commune (+) in West Virginia. Members of this religion often hand out copies of the Bhagavad Gita As It Is at airports. This religion’s most famous practice is reciting the (*) Maha Mantra. For ten points, name this religious group that is centered on the worship of the eight incarnation of Vishnu. | Hare Krishnas (or ISKCON; or International Society for Krishna Consciousness) |
| Along with Medusa, this hero’s ghost was the only one to not flea before Heracles in the underworld. In the Iliad, Phoenix and Nestor use the example of this hero refusing to protect his city to try to convince Achilles to fight. After killing his relatives, this hero died when his (+) mother, Althaea, put a log into the fire. This hero angered his uncles when he gave the hide of one animal to Atalanta, who had caused its first wound. (*) For ten points, name this hero who slew the Caledonian boar. | Meleager |
| This man wrote a biography titled Summing Up and led an effort to target one country's rocket scientists in Operation Damocles. During an attack that killed Avraham Stern, this man and Eliyahu Giladi hid under a group of mattresses in a warehouse and escaped at night, (+) after which they reorganized the paramilitary group Lehi. Once a member of Mossad, this man served as minister of foreign affairs during the term of his predecessor as prime minister, (*) Menachem Begin. For ten points, name this Israeli prime minister of the late 1980s who was succeeded by Yitzhak Rabin. | Yitzhak Shamir (or Yitzhak Yezernitsky) |
| After having been ordered by Governor Diego Velasquez de Cuellar to return from an expedition to Cuba, this man scuttled his own fleet to prove his forces would not retreat. This man’s soldiers were initially repulsed on La Noche Triste, though this man later returned (+) victorious to the same city he had previously fled. This man fathered a child with his translator La Malinche and, in 1521, this man besieged (*) Tenochtitlan, renaming it Mexico City. For ten points, name this Spanish conquistador whose expeditions led to the fall of the Aztec Empire. | Hernán Cortés (or First Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca) |
| This successor to Joseph Smith led the Mormons to Salt Lake City, where a large university is named for him. | Brigham Young (accept Brigham Young University; prompt on "BYU") |