| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Policies targeting this institution resulted in Mexico’s Cristero War. Otto von Bismarck’s Kulturkampf policy targeted the power of this institution in Germany. A leader of this institution organized the League of Cambrai to fight Venice and later formed a series of Holy Leagues. Julius the Second led, for the point, what religious institution whose highest leader is the Pope? | Roman Catholic Church |
| The Tomlinson Report justified this system, which directly resulted in the creation of Bantustans. The National Party instituted this policy, which led to an uprising in Soweto. F.W. de Klerk shared a Nobel Peace Prize for ending this system, alongside a politician who spent several years in prison on Robben Island. Nelson Mandela helped end, for the point, what system of racial segregation in South Africa? | Apartheid |
| The court case Irving v Penguin Books and Lipstadt attempted to determine what methods an “objective” member of this profession employed. Sima Qian [[SEE-mah CHEE-ahn]] wrote the Records of the Grand [this profession] during the early Han Dynasty. The man sometimes referred to as the first member of this profession wrote a book that attempted to discern between truth and legend. For the point, name this profession of Herodatus. | Historian (accept anything having to do with writing History) |
| This song, which was composed and first performed by Roy Williamson of The Corries, has been used at Commonwealth Games medal ceremonies since 2010. This song references the Battle of Bannockburn and says a country "stood against him / Proud Edward's army / And sent him homeward tae [[TAY]] think again." For the point, name this unofficial national anthem of a constituent country of the United Kingdom. | "Flower of Scotland" (prompt on "Scottish National Anthem") |
| This man responded to accusations of being a dictator by asking if he would need to be one when he “could win hands down?” After giving a popular speech entirely in Malay, this man was threatened with arrest and martial law by Tunku Abdul Rahman. This leader of the People’s Action Party became head of state after his country was expelled from Malaysia. For the point, name this first Prime Minister of Singapore. | Lee Kuan Yew (or LKY; do not accept or prompt on just “Yew”) |
| Recently, these constructs have been damaged by squatters and a protest by Greenpeace, and they sometime receives truck damage due to being near the Pan-American Highway. These constructs, which pseudo-archaeologists claim were built by aliens, include depictions of a monkey, hummingbird, and spider. For the point, what is this series of massive geoglyphs in a namesake desert in Peru? | Nazca Lines (or the Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Palpa Cultures) |
| This ruler developed the system of Burhs, a series of hillforts designed to improve defenses against Viking attacks. This monarch signed a peace at Wedmore with Guthrum the Old after defeating the Great Heathan Army at Edington. For the point, name this Anglo-Saxon king of Wessex, sometimes considered the first king of England. | Alfred the Great (or Ælfred the Great) |
| Gustave de Veer and Heinrich Schaefer came up with a nickname associated with this man, who organized one effort against Çala Ben Çala. The development of the caravel was overseen by this man, who was a son of John the First. This member of the House of Aviz oversaw efforts to navigate the Azores. For the point, name this Portuguese prince who was a key figure in the Age of Discovery. | Henry the Navigator (or Henrique of Portugal, Duke of Viseu; or Infante Dom Henrique, o Navegador; or Henry of Portugal; or Henry the Seafarer; prompt on "Henry") |
| Along with Thomas Edison, this man is the namesake of a prize for contributions to physics awarded by the European Physical Society. Holy Roman Emperor Joseph the Second patronized this man while he was a professor at the University of Pavia. This discoverer of methane, who was made a count by Napoleon, also collaborated with Luigi Galvani on his work on electric cells. For the point, name this Italian physicist who names the SI unit of electric potential. | Alessandro Volta (or Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta; accept Edison Volta Prize; prompt on "Volt") |
| This event, which saw a man named Johan Eck represent one ruler, occurred a year after a set of alleged errors were outlined in Exsurge Domine [[ex-soor-gay doe-mee-nay]]. The line, "My conscience is captive to the Word of God," was stated by the central figure of this event, which laid the Protestant Reformation. For the point, name this 1521 assembly that resulted in the excommunication of Martin Luther. | Diet of Worms (or Reichstag zu Worms; accept Edict of Worms of 1521; or Wormser Edikt) |
| This vessel was Augustus Keppel's flagship at the Battle of Ushant, which was fought in 1778. Employed at the Battle of Cape Saint Vincent, this ship led the front column at an 1805 battle at which the winning commander was killed by a French musketeer. For the point, name this Royal Navy vessel used as Horatio Nelson’s flagship at the Battle of Trafalgar. | HMS Victory |
| A ruler of this region, known as "la Gran Contessa", brokered an end to the Investiture Controversy. That ruler was the head of the House of Canossa and named Matilda. After his invasion, Napoleon established the Kingdom of Etruria in this region. This region was united under its first Grand Duke, Cosimo the First de' Medici. For the point, name this region of central Italy centered around cities like Siena, Pisa, and Florence. | Tuscany (or Toscana) |
| This conflict resulted in the Hasmonean Dynasty taking power. According to Josephus, this conflict erupted after Antiochus the Fourth sacrificed a pig in the Temple of Jerusalem. A miracle during this conflict supposedly involved a lamp’s oil lasting a supernaturally long time. For the point, name this Jewish rebellion against the Seleucids that is commemorated during Channukah. | Maccabean Revolt (accept any answer mentioning the Maccabees or Maccabeans) |
| This ruler reportedly raised 150 thousand marks to pay her son’s ransom after he was captured by Duke Leopold of Austria. This woman’s marriage to Louis the Seventh was annulled on the basis that it had failed to produce a male heir, after which she remarried a Plantagenet, Henry the Second. For the point, name this mother of Richard the Lionheart who ruled as queen of both England and France. | Eleanor of Aquitaine |
| The settlement of Risdon Cove was established on this island. The Black War occurred on this island, which a Dutch explorer originally named after Anthony van Diemen. A marsupial named for this island was re-introduced into its country's state of New South Wales. For the point, name this island belonging to Australia that is home to a mammal sometimes known as its namesake "devil". | Tasmania (accept Iutruwita; accept Dervon) |
| One commander at this battle supposedly stated, “My men have become women, and my women men,” after being fooled by a ruse by Artemisia of Caria. This battle occurred after one side captured Athens and was encouraged by Mardonius to prematurely launch a naval assault. For the point, name this naval battle in which Themistocles defeated Xerxes the First. | Battle of Salamis |
| This man justified his reforms by quipping that “it does not matter whether a cat is black or white as long as it catches mice.” Those reforms included this man authorizing Special Economic Zones to increase trade. Slogans used in connection to this man’s economic policies included “reform and opening up” and “socialism with Chinese characteristics.” For the point, name this leader who oversaw China’s 1980s economic liberalization. | Deng Xiaoping [[DUNG SHAO-ping]] (accept Xixian; accept Teng Hsiao-ping; prompt on "Xiaoping"; be lenient on pronunciation) |
| Following an acquisition by CMP, projects overseen by the Nord-Sud Company were incorporated into this system, many of whose entrances were built in the Art Nouveau style. The earliest line of this system was opened during the World's Fair in 1900, which was known as the "Exposition Universelle." Including stops at Gare d’Austerlitz and Bibliothèque François Mitterrand and, this is, for the point, what rapid transport system in a French city? | Paris Métro (or Métro de Paris; accept Métropolitain) |
| A baron from this country formed its Olympic Committee at the Hotel Ravenstein. This country’s town of Casteau became the headquarters of Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe in 1967. A 1935 International Exhibition in this country resulted in the creation of a restaurant named for King Leopold the Second. For the point, name this country whose only Olympics were hosted in Antwerp. | Kingdom of Belgium (or Koninkrijk België; or Royaume de Belgique; or Königreich Belgien) |
| In Operation Flawed Eagle, the Department of Justice alleged people of this ethnicity and Harrison Jack conspired to overthrow one government in 2007. The cultural clash between American doctors and people of this ethnicity was recounted in The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down. The CIA recruited people of this ethnicity to oppose the Pathet Lao and Viet Cong in Laos. For the point, name this ethnic group from the mountainous regions of Southeast Asia. | Hmong People (accept Miao People; prompt on "Laotian" or "Vietnamese" or "Chinese") |
| Copywriter Julian Koenig coined the name for this event, which was advocated for in Congress by Wisconsin Senator Gaylord Nelson. Denis Hayes organized the first iteration of this event and founded its namesake network after a 1969 oil spill off the coast of Santa Barbara. For the point, name this annual event observed annually on April 22 since 1970 to demonstrate support for protecting the environment. | Earth Day (accept Earth Day Network) |
| The area of this modern-day country was ruled by the Sultanate of the Geledi, or the Gobroon Dynasty. One leader of this country, who tried to instate “Scientific Socialism,” was forced into exile after losing the Ogaden War. That leader, Siad Barre, is often accused of leading this African nation to being a failed state. For the point, name this country whose capital Mogadishu was centrally located on the Indian Ocean trade routes. | Federal Republic of Somalia (or Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya) |
| The CGT headquarters was home to a corpse of this man's wife that was removed from its place and taken to Milan for reburial. The growth of trade unions occurred during the first term of this president, whose second wife was a member of the Duarte family. The Ezeiza Massacre targeted youths who supported, for the point, what president of Argentina, who was married to a woman known as "Evita"? | Juan Perón (or Juan Domingo Perón) |
| The first decoded parts of this elaborate and squarish writing system were its base-20 numbers. This script, used by followers of the Long Count calendar, chronicled the reign of Pakal the Great, ruler of Palenque [[PAH-len-kay]], and is the only Mesoamerican writing system to be nearly fully deciphered. For the point, name this ancient script used in southern Mexico, Yucatan, and Guatemala. | Mayan Hieroglyphs |
| Factions in an event named for this country included the Maoist Simbas and a Soviet-supported movement led by Antoine Gizenga. President Joseph Kasavubu broke with the prime minister of this country during the secession of Katanga. Dag Hammarskjöld died in a plane crash while travelling to mediate this country’s namesake “Crisis.” Patrice Lumumba was assassinated in, for the point, what country, which Mobutu Sese Seko soon renamed Zaire? | Congo (or Congo-Léopoldville; or First Congolese Republic; or Democratic Republic of the Congo; or Congo-Kinshasa; or DR Congo; or DRC; or DROC; or République démocratique du Congo; accept Republic of the Congo as that was the official name of the country during the period described in the question even though it now refers to a different country; accept Congo Crisis) |
| Due to a prophecy involving drinking from the Scamander River, this man and a King of Argos took part in an effort to steal Rhesus's horses. This man was once promised immortality by an inhabitant of Ogygia should he choose to stay there. The swineherd Eumaeus recognized this man after his return from a journey in which he spent seven years with Calypso. The ruler of Ithaka, this is, for the point, what hero of an epic by Homer? | Odysseus (accept Ulysses; accept Ulixes) |
| The father of John Sherrill Houser, Ivan Houser, was one of the key assistants on the creation of this work, which was overseen for a time by its designer's son, Lincoln. Sometimes known as the "Shrine of Democracy", this location is found near the city of Keystone in the Black Hills. Constructed under Gutzon Borglum, this is, for the point, what landmark with carvings of the faces of four American presidents? | Mount Rushmore (accept Tȟuŋkášila Šákpe; accept Six Grandfathers; accept Shrine of Democracy before mentioned) |
| The Benedictine monk Saint Boniface is often depicted felling an oak tree named for this deity, who is asked by an inscription in Sønder Kirkeby to "hallow these runes." This deity's lasting influence on Germanic Europe can be seen in his naming the fourth day of the standard workweek. The Altuna stone depicts this deity holding Mjölnir [[mee-OHL-neer]], his hammer. For the point, name this Norse thunder deity. | Thor (accept Thuner; accept Donar; accept Thunar; prompt on "Jove") |
| A period in this city was described as intending to "create the illusion of chaos necessary to induce [one man] to step down." Manuel Ramos depicted corpses in front of the National Palace of this city in a photograph set during the Decena Trágica, or Ten Tragic Days. A coup in this city resulted in the assassination of Francisco Madero. For the point, name this city, the host of the first Olympic games in Latin America in 1968. | Mexico City |
| After studying at the University of London, this man moved to a country where he experienced an incident at the Pietermaritzburg Railway Station, where he was subsequently honored with a statue that Desmond Tutu unveiled. A title meaning "great-souled" was given to this man, who was assassinated in 1948 by Nathuram Godse. For the point, name this proponent of satyagraha, known for his non-violent protests in India. | Mahatma Gandhi (accept Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi) |
| Leigh Johnson is a marshal befriended by the protagonist of this 2010 video game, which always begins with a Mexican standoff. Archer Fordham and Edgar Ross are among the members of the Bureau of Investigation that kidnap the family of the protagonist of this video game, who can make use of the "Dead Eye" feature to mark targets. The protagonist of this game is John Marston, a former outlaw. For the point, name this entry into a Rockstar Games series which is set during the dying days of the Old West. | Red Dead Redemption (do not accept or prompt on "Red Dead" or "Red Dead Redemption 2") |