| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| An eight-year long attempt to break the Auld Alliance and force this noble to wed the future Edward the Sixth was known as the Rough Wooing. This monarch was opposed by reformer John Knox and she married Lord Darnley, with their son becoming the eventual James the First of England. Eventually executed by Queen Elizabeth the First, for the point, who was this female monarch of a Highland kingdom? | Mary, Queen of Scots (or Mary the First of Scotland; or Mary Stuart) |
| A painting commemorating this event, The Silent Highwayman, shows the Grim Reaper paddling a rowboat on a certain river. The end of this event, around August 1858, coincided with the end of cholera epidemics, which were attributed to it. For the point, name this event where human waste on the Thames [[TEMZ]] River caused an unpleasant smell to proliferate around London. | The Great Stink |
| This organization attacked the business center of the Miraflores District in the Tarata Bombing. This organization began its persecution of indigenous peasants with a massacre at Lucanamarca. Military-trained peasants called rondas were deployed against this organization by the Fujimori government. Abimael Guzmán formerly led, for the point, what communist insurgency group in Peru? | Shining Path (or Sendero Luminoso; accept Communist Party of Peru before "Communist” is mentioned) |
| As a mathematician, this man was claimed to be the first to use math to calculate the height of the pyramids. The Ionian School was led by this man, who claimed that the arche [[AR-kay]], or first principle, was composed entirely of water. For the point, name this member of the Seven Sages who is widely considered the first philosopher in the Greek tradition. | Thales [[THAY-leez]] of Miletus |
| Along with one country's government, these events were first organized in the 1990s by billionaires Charles Bronfman and Michael Steinhardt. According to a Pew study, roughly 20% Jewish Americans between 18 and 46 years old had participated in one of these events. For the point, name these heritage trips organized by a namesake nonprofit for young adults to tour the Holy Land. | Birthright Trips (accept Taglit-Birthright Israel; prompt on descriptive answers) |
| A chronicler of this last name refused to join his cousin Gonzalo's 1540s revolt against the crown. Another noble of this name died following a storming of his palace by "el mozo" Diego de Almagro the Second. That man of this name was the victor at Cajamarca [[kah-hah-MAHR-kah]], capturing the Sapa Atahualpa [[ah-tah-HWAL-pah]]. For the point, identify this Spanish last name of the conquistador who defeated the Incan Empire. | Pizarro (accept Pedro Pizarro; accept Francisco Pizarro) |
| Ian Stephens published photographs of victims of this event, which was caused in part by an outbreak of Brown Spot Disease. Louis Mountbatten's attempts to alleviate this event through imports were largely denied by Winston Churchill. This disaster was exacerbated by colonial governor John Herbert's "denial of rice" policy. For the point, name this 1943 event in British India which resulted in the deaths of over three million people, largely from hunger. | Bengal Famine of 1943 |
| François Ravaillac [[RAH-vye-yak]], a Catholic zealot, carried out the assassination of this man. This ruler barely escaped the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre shortly after his marriage to Margaret of Valois [[val-WAH]], though he later married Marie de Medici. This ruler issued the Edict of Nantes to protect the Huguenots, after having converted himself after saying, “Paris is well worth a mass.” For the point, name this Protestant-turned-Catholic king of early modern France. | Henry the Fourth of France (or Henri the Fourth; of Good King Henry; or Henry the Great; accept Henry the Third of Navarre) |
| In 2017, the largest party in this country formed a coalition with the FPÖ, the collapse of which contributed to this country's 2019 election. A member of the Greens named Alexander Van der Bellen is the current president of this country, where a Historical Commission was set up to investigate events that occurred near the time of its annexation by the Nazis in 1938. For the point, name this country which experienced the Anschluss. | Republic of Austria (or Republik Österreich) |
| This organization briefly controlled Saint Croix [[KWAH]] before selling the island to the French West India Company. This organization's flag consists of a white cross on a red background and was used by the Knights Hospitaler. For the point, name this Catholic order that maintains diplomatic relations with other nations despite possessing no territory, named for a small Mediterranean island it once held. | Sovereign Military Order of Malta (or SMOM; or Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta; or Knights of Malta; prompt on "Knights Hospitaler" before mentioned; prompt on "Malta"; do not accept or prompt on "Republic of Malta") |
| Despite being a victory for this empire, the Battle of Koppam saw the death of one of its rulers. With Pandya and Chera, this empire was considered one of the Three Crowned Kings of a region. Uraiyur and Tiruvarur were among the capitals of this thalassocracy, which was once led by Rajendra. Tamil was widely spoken in, for the point, what seafaring empire of South India? | Chola Dynasty (or Cōḻar Kulam) |
| In this present-day country, Bai Bureh led Tenme and Loko peoples in revolt against colonial rule in the Hut Tax War. From 1991 to 2002, the Revolutionary United Front waged a civil war against this country's government. After relocating from Nova Scotia, Thomas Peters and Royal Navy lieutenant John Clarkson helped found this country's capital. For the point, name this West African country where liberated British slaves settled in Freetown. | Republic of Sierra Leone |
| This man's social standing improved after his marriage to Catherine des Granches. The sons of Donnacona were kidnapped by this native of Saint-Malo. Hochelaga and the Gaspé [[gas-PAY]] Peninsula were explored by this explorer, who was the first European to map regions he referred to as "The Country of the Canadas." For the point, name this French explorer who created the earliest European map of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. | Jacques Cartier (or Jakez Karter) |
| A successor to Tiberius the Third of this name was nicknamed "the Slit-Nosed" and served as the final ruler of the Heracleian Dynasty. Hypatius was killed after a mob elected him emperor in place of a man of this name, who faced the Nika riots. From 527 to 565 CE, a man of this name was the ruler of the Eastern Roman Empire. For the point, identify this name of a Byzantine ruler who developed a namesake law code. | Justinian (accept Justinian the First or Second; accept Justinian the Great; accept Justinian the Slit-Nosed; accept Ioustinianos; or Justinianus) |
| During the reign of Joseph the Second, the crown jewels were relocated from this city to Vienna. This city, once known as “Pressburg”, became a national capital in 1993 following the Velvet Divorce. That event resulted in a split between the Czech Republic and the country where this city's government is located. Formerly the coronation site of Hungarian kings, for the point, what is this capital of Slovakia? | Bratislava (accept Pozsony; accept Pressburg before mentioned) |
| Reader: Silently read the directions in the answerline before reading the question. 24 bishops and a pair of archbishops are among the "Spiritual" members of this body, which also has "Temporal Members.” The King's Speech is delivered before this body, whose members are sometimes referred to as "Peers.” Eligibility for this body can be passed down through lineage. Contrasting with an entirely elected body that also meets at the Palace of Westminster, for the point, what is this upper house of the British Parliament? | House of Lords of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (accept House of Peers before "Peers" is mentioned and prompt after; prompt on “Parliament” until “house” is mentioned in the final line) |
| This country used civilian planes as bombers after Oswaldo López Arellano expelled hundreds of thousands of people originally from this country. This country was the site of a twelve-year-long civil war fought between the U.S.-backed government and left-wing revolutionaries organized by the FMLN. During the Soccer War, Honduras was invaded by, for the point, what Central American country, the home base of the gang MS-13? | Republic of El Salvador (or República de El Salvador) |
| The exhumation of this figure’s body supposedly triggered a curse that caused Operation Barbarossa. This figure ended the Golden Horde’s time as an official state after winning the Battle of the Terek River. This figure earned his most famous nickname after being shot with arrows while trying to steal sheep. For the point, name this ruler who legendarily created a pyramid from his enemies’ skulls, nicknamed for his walking disability. | Tamerlane (or Timur the Lame) |
| A Google Doodle honoring this man was released four years after an incident in Muscat, Oman ended his life at the age of 28. Ericsson Globe was renamed in honor of this man, who the Mounted Royal Guards honored in a tribute that saw the playing of "Without You" and "Hey Brother" during a ceremony at Stockholm Palace. For the point, name this Swedish DJ who passed away in 2018, the writer of such songs as "Wake Me Up." | Avicii (or Tim Bergling) |
| To commemorate this event's 50th anniversary, police commissioner James P. O'Neill made a public apology. This event's initial phases were instigated by Seymour Pine at 51 and 53 Christopher Street. For the point, name this series of protests caused by a 1969 police raid on the namesake Inn in Greenwich Village in Manhattan, a key moment in the LGBTQ movement. | Stonewall Inn Riots (accept synonyms for "Riots" such as Rebellion or Uprising) |
| A 1982 painting titled for this man by Jean-Michel Basquiat was smuggled into the U.S. in 2007 by Banco Santos's former president, Edemar Cid Ferreira. A painting titled Snow Storm focuses on an effort undertaken by this man's army, which J. M. W. Turner found drew parallels to one undertaken by Napoleon. For the point, name this Carthaginian leader who is depicted in an 1812 painting leading his army across the Alps. | Hannibal (accept Snow Storm: Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps; or Hannibal Crossing the Alps) |
| The eastern portion of this border was established along the Shilka and Argun Rivers by the terms of the Treaty of Nerchinsk. This border shifted after the 1921 recognition by one country of Outer Mongolia. Spanning over 4,200 kilometers in length, this border was negotiated over claims to Vladivostok. For the point, name this border between two large nations in Asia. | China–Russia Border (accept countries in either order; accept Sino-Russian Border) |
| An ensemble that included Culture Club and Duran Duran performed a rendition of "Do They Know It’s Christmas?" during this event. $127 million was raised during this event, which was inspired by Bob Geldof's witnessing of famine in Sudan and Ethiopia. For the point, name this 1985 global benefit concert located at Wembley Stadium in London. | Live Aid |
| A photo taken in the aftermath of this event shows the cowboy hat-wearing Carlos Arredondo assisting Jeff Bauman. Krystle Campbell, Lingzi Lu, and Martin Richard were killed during this event, which resulted in one group being diverted to Kenmore Square. Tamerlan and Dzokhar Tsarnaev detonated pressure cooker bombs during, for the point, what 2013 attack carried out during an annual distance race in Massachusetts? | 2013 Boston Marathon Bombing |
| Along with a supposed descendant, Bin, the most complete version of this man’s writings were uncovered in 1972 in the Yinqueshan Han Slips. This man claimed that the five fundamental factors and the seven elements determine the outcomes of military engagement. For the point, name this Chinese philosopher and military strategist, the author of The Art of War. | Sun Tzu (accept Sunzi) |
| The Egyptian god Bennu is believed to have inspired Greek depictions of this creature, which were believed to use things like myrrh and nard to make their nests while shedding tears of incense. Some sources claim that these creatures travel to Heliopolis every 500 years carrying the ashes of their parents. Symbolizing immortality and regeneration, this is, for the point, what mythological bird believed to burn itself and be reborn? | Phoenix (prompt on “Bird”) |
| Under this prime minister, the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction that guided a later “economic miracle” was established. This prime minister organized all pre-existing businesses and labor organizations into 22 “corporations” covering all aspects of the economy. This leader was accused of prioritizing lines serving foreign tourists in his campaign to “make the trains run on time.” For the point, name this head of the Blackshirts who became “Il Duce” [[DOO-chay]] of Fascist Italy. | Benito Mussolini (or Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini) |
| Four college students protesting expanding involvement in this conflict were killed by National Guardsmen during the Kent State Shooting. Boxer Muhammad Ali declared himself a conscientious objector in an attempt to avoid being drafted into this conflict. American media decisively turned against involvement in this conflict following the Tet Offensive. For the point, name this war whose American involvement ended with the air evacuation of Saigon. | Vietnam War |
| William Stimpson headed a club that became involved in this organization, which was named for the sloth Megatherium. Explorer John Wesley Powell headed the Bureau of Ethnology at this institution, whose collections were bolstered by the efforts of the United States Exploring Expedition. Named for a British scientist who was its initial donor, this is, for the point, what Washington D.C. based group of museums? | Smithsonian Institution (accept United States National Museum) |
| An $80,000 reparations payment to the families of American victims of an event in this modern-day country was negotiated by Caleb Cushing. Citizens of Britain and the U.S. were among the 53 executed in this country during the Virginius Affair. An 1895 to 1898 war of independence in this country saw the death of a poet whose words were adapted into the song "Guantanamera." José Martí was born in, for the point, what country governed from Havana? | Republic of Cuba (or República de Cuba; accept Erukusu) |
| The site of one HBCU in this state, Storer College, was chosen as it was where "the end of American slavery began," according to Frederick Douglass. One university in this state contains the George Tyler Moore Center for the Study of the Civil War in its oldest settlement, Shepherdstown. For the point, name this state whose flagship university is in Morgantown, home of the Mountaineers. | West Virginia |