| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| During this conflict an exam waiver for one group was instituted by the Second Mitigation Act. The readmission of all but one order was secured by a Peace Law during this conflict, in which Poles were discriminated against. Pius the Ninth was the leader of one side during this conflict, which vied for control of educational institutions and the appointment of ecclesiastical positions. Lasting from 1872 to 1878, this domestic conflict pitted the papacy against the government of Otto von Bismarck. For the point, name this German "culture struggle." | Kulturkampf (prompt on descriptive answers) |
| In an epigram, critics of this work punned on the title figure's name with the word "brass" to indicate the heavy brass instrumentation. A period of seven years of madness in this opera was compared to an account in the Cylinders of Nabonidus. Second Kings and the Book of Daniel are among the biblical books that inspired the libretto for this opera, which contains a "Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves." For the point, name this 1842 Giuseppe Verdi opera featuring the exile of the Jews by the titular Babylonian king. | Nabucco (accept Nabucodonosor; accept Nebuchadnezzar) |
| This party contained two competing factions called the "Verkramptes" and "Verligtes." This party switched its logo to a shining sun from a blue hunting horn in the 1990s. This party notably won a plurality of 70 seats in the 1948 elections, despite only getting 38 percent of the vote against the ruling United Party. P. W. Botha, D. F. Malan, and F. W. de Klerk were notable leaders of, for the point, what Afrikaner party that implemented apartheid and dominated South African politics until 1994? | National Party (or Nasionale Party; or Nationalist Party; or NP; accept Herenigde Nasionale Party) |
| Born in Longmen in either 145 or 135 BCE, this scholar's best-known project was a continuation of that of his father. After supporting the general Li Ling, this man was given the choice between being killed or becoming a eunuch, selecting the latter. Chang'an was home to a copy of the best-known work by this man, which begins during the era of the Yellow Emperor and concludes with contemporary events under Emperor Wu. For the point, name this Han dynasty scholar who wrote Records of the Grand Historian. | Sima Qian [[SEE-mah CHEE-ahn]] (prompt on partial answers) |
| This song provides the tune to "City of Light," which is sung by Paris Saint-Germain fans at matches. This song, which was composed and first performed by Roy Williamson of The Corries, has been used at Commonwealth Games medal ceremonies since 2010. This song references the Battle of Bannockburn and says a country "stood against him / Proud Edward's army / And sent him homeward tae [[TAY]] think again." For the point, name this unofficial national anthem of a constituent country of the United Kingdom. | "Flower of Scotland" (prompt on "Scottish National Anthem") |
| This man entered a six-week period of isolation after he and his cabinet signed a proclamation drafted by Edmund Barker. This man responded to accusations of being a dictator by asking if he would need to be one when he “could win hands down?” After giving a popular speech entirely in Malay, this man was threatened with arrest and martial law by Tunku Abdul Rahman. This leader of the People’s Action Party became head of state after his country was expelled from Malaysia. For the point, name this first Prime Minister of Singapore. | Lee Kuan Yew (or LKY; do not accept or prompt on just “Yew”) |
| The discovery of this culture’s Lady of Cao confirmed theories that they were ruled by Priestess Queens. This culture’s chief god was depicted as a face with cat-like fangs surrounded by waves and was named “Ai Apaec.” This culture’s Huaca Rajada site is home to the tomb of the Lord of Sipán. Members of this culture constructed the largest pre-Colombian adobe structure in the Americas, the Huaca del Sol. For the point, name this culture that thrived on the coast of Peru throughout the first millennium. | Moche Culture (or Mochica Culture) |
| One ruler of this kingdom allied with Cadwallon ap Cadfan at Hatfield Chase, and that ruler of this kingdom also killed Oswald of Bernicia at Maserfield. None of this kingdom's rulers were assigned the title of Bretwalda, meaning overlord, by the Venerable Bede, despite their namesake supremacy over the Heptarchy. Scandinavian York promised obedience to Aethelfaed, the only female ruler of this kingdom. For the point, name this Anglo-Saxon kingdom that constructed Offa's Dyke and was absorbed by Wessex. | Mercia |
| Gustave de Veer and Heinrich Schaefer came up with a nickname associated with this man, who organized one effort against Çala Ben Çala. Gil Eanes was sent to Cape Bojador as part of an effort overseen by this man, who used to pray at a chapel in the Algarve region. The development of the caravel was overseen by this man, who was a son of John the First. This member of the House of Aviz oversaw efforts to navigate the Azores. For the point, name this Portuguese prince who was a key figure in the Age of Discovery. | Henry the Navigator (or Henrique of Portugal, Duke of Viseu; or Infante Dom Henrique, o Navegador; or Henry of Portugal; or Henry the Seafarer; prompt on "Henry") |
| Along with Thomas Edison, this man is the namesake of a prize for contributions to physics awarded by the European Physical Society. Holy Roman Emperor Joseph the Second patronized this man while he was a professor at the University of Pavia. This discoverer of methane, who was made a count by Napoleon, also collaborated with Luigi Galvani on his work on electric cells. For the point, name this Italian physicist who names the SI unit of electric potential. | Alessandro Volta (or Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta; accept Edison Volta Prize; prompt on "Volt") |
| In response to a question at this event, one man said, "They are all mine, but as for the second question, they are not all of one sort." This event, which saw a man named Johan Eck represent one ruler, occurred a year after a set of alleged errors were outlined in Exsurge Domine [[ex-soor-gay doe-mee-nay]]. The line, "My conscience is captive to the Word of God," was stated by the central figure of this event, which laid the Protestant Reformation. For the point, name this 1521 assembly that resulted in the excommunication of Martin Luther. | Diet of Worms (or Reichstag zu Worms; accept Edict of Worms of 1521; or Wormser Edikt) |
| While counting the number of enemy vessels approaching, the captain of this ship said, "The die is cast and if there are 50 sails, I will go through them." This vessel was Augustus Keppel's flagship at the Battle of Ushant, which was fought in 1778. Employed at the Battle of Cape Saint Vincent, this ship led the front column at an 1805 battle at which the winning commander was killed by a French musketeer. For the point, name this Royal Navy vessel used as Horatio Nelson’s flagship at the Battle of Trafalgar. | HMS Victory |
| This man justified his reforms by quipping that “it does not matter whether a cat is black or white as long as it catches mice.” Those reforms included this man authorizing Special Economic Zones to increase trade. Slogans used in connection to this man’s economic policies included “reform and opening up” and “socialism with Chinese characteristics.” For the point, name this leader who oversaw China’s 1980s economic liberalization. | Deng Xiaoping [[DUNG SHAO-ping]] (accept Xixian; accept Teng Hsiao-ping; prompt on "Xiaoping"; be lenient on pronunciation) |
| This man derived details from numerous world leaders like Francisco Franco, and a leader of his native country, Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, for his novel The Autumn of the Patriarch. Another novel by this author traces Simón Bolívar’s final journey into exile and is titled The General in His Labyrinth. An analog of the United Fruit Company massacres striking laborers in another of this man’s novels, which is primarily set in the fictional town of Macondo. For the point, name this Colombian author of One Hundred Years of Solitude. | Gabriel García Márquez (or Gabriel José de la Concordia García Márquez |
| The first Margrave of this region was Adalbert the First, who previously was the count of Lucca. A ruler of this region known as "la Gran Contessa" brokered an end to the Investiture Controversy. That ruler was the head of the House of Canossa and named Matilda. After his invasion, Napoleon established the Kingdom of Etruria in this region. This region was united under its first Grand Duke, Cosimo the First de' Medici. For the point, name this region of central Italy centered around cities like Siena, Pisa, and Florence. | Tuscany (or Toscana) |
| Prior to the Battle of Emmaus, one side in this conflict may have used Biblical criteria to exclude large numbers of men in order to make a fast strike force. This conflict resulted in the Hasmonean Dynasty taking power. According to Josephus, this conflict erupted after Antiochus the Fourth sacrificed a pig in the Temple of Jerusalem. A miracle during this conflict supposedly involved a lamp’s oil lasting a supernaturally long time. For the point, name this Jewish rebellion against the Seleucids that is commemorated during Channukah. | Maccabean Revolt (accept any answer mentioning the Maccabees or Maccabeans) |
| The size of this ruler’s baggage train was reportedly responsible for causing the Battle of Mount Cadmus during the Second Crusade. This ruler reportedly raised 150 thousand marks to pay her son’s ransom after he was captured by Duke Leopold of Austria. This woman’s marriage to Louis the Seventh was annulled on the basis that it had failed to produce a male heir, after which she remarried a Plantagenet, Henry the Second. For the point, name this mother of Richard the Lionheart who ruled as queen of both England and France. | Eleanor of Aquitaine |
| The settlement of Risdon Cove was established on this island. Henry Melville coined the name for a conflict on this island that began after a declaration of martial law by George Arthur. The Black War occurred on this island, which a Dutch explorer originally named after Anthony van Diemen. A marsupial named for this island was re-introduced into its country's state of New South Wales. For the point, name this island belonging to Australia that is home to a mammal sometimes known as its namesake "devil". | Tasmania (accept Iutruwita; accept Dervon) |
| One commander at this battle put a group of Phoenicians to death for starting a retreat and attempting to blame the Ionians. That commander at this battle supposedly stated, “My men have become women, and my women men,” after being fooled by a ruse by Artemisia of Caria. This battle occurred after one side captured Athens and was encouraged by Mardonius to prematurely launch a naval assault. For the point, name this naval battle in which Themistocles defeated Xerxes the First. | Battle of Salamis |
| This man wrote a set of rules and hymns for the Fetter Lane Society and became spiritually revived after hearing Martin Luther's preface to the Book of Romans. After this man's "Aldersgate experience", this man traveled to Herrnhut to study with the Bohemian Church. With the support of James Oglethorpe, this man served as the first parish priest of Christ Church in Savannah. This man advocated for Arminian doctrines, in contrast with his colleague George Whitefield. For the point, name this English theologian and founder of the Methodist movement. | John Wesley |
| Factions in an event named for this country included the Maoist Simbas and a Soviet-supported movement led by Antoine Gizenga. President Joseph Kasavubu broke with the prime minister of this country during the secession of Katanga. Dag Hammarskjöld died in a plane crash while travelling to mediate this country’s namesake “Crisis.” Patrice Lumumba was assassinated in, for the point, what country, which Mobutu Sese Seko soon renamed Zaire? | Congo (or Congo-Léopoldville; or First Congolese Republic; or Democratic Republic of the Congo; or Congo-Kinshasa; or DR Congo; or DRC; or DROC; or République démocratique du Congo; accept Republic of the Congo as that was the official name of the country during the period described in the question even though it now refers to a different country; accept Congo Crisis) |
| 84 deaths occurred after a fire affected this system in the Couronnes Disaster. Following an acquisition by CMP, projects overseen by the Nord-Sud Company were incorporated into this system, many of whose entrances were built in the Art Nouveau style. The earliest line of this system was opened during the World's Fair in 1900, which was known as the "Exposition Universelle." Including stops at Gare d’Austerlitz and Bibliothèque François Mitterrand and, this is, for the point, what rapid transport system in a French city? | Paris Métro (or Métro de Paris; accept Métropolitain) |
| This man claimed that the titular phenomenon will "depend upon the political and economic character of the country concerned" in "The Impact of Science on Society." For his work toward "humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought", this thinker was given the 1950 Nobel Prize in Literature. This thinker claimed that the Second World War was a "lesser of two evils" after having been jailed for pacifism during the First World War. For the point, name this British philosopher who wrote a 20th century Principia Mathematica. | Bertrand Russell (or Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell) |
| A baron from this country formed its Olympic Committee at the Hotel Ravenstein, and fourteen years later, secured its hosting of the first post-World War One Summer Olympics. This country’s town of Casteau became the headquarters of Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe in 1967. A 1935 International Exhibition in this country resulted in the creation of a restaurant named for King Leopold the Second. For the point, name this country whose only Olympics were hosted in Antwerp. | Kingdom of Belgium (or Koninkrijk België; or Royaume de Belgique; or Königreich Belgien) |
| In Operation Flawed Eagle, the Department of Justice alleged people of this ethnicity and Harrison Jack conspired to overthrow one government in 2007. The cultural clash between American doctors and people of this ethnicity was recounted in The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down. The CIA recruited people of this ethnicity to oppose the Pathet Lao and Viet Cong in Laos. For the point, name this ethnic group from the mountainous regions of Southeast Asia. | Hmong People (accept Miao People; prompt on "Laotian" or "Vietnamese" or "Chinese") |
| This event's 21st iteration was commemorated by an "international peace climb" up Mount Everest. Copywriter Julian Koenig coined the name for this event, which was advocated for in Congress by Wisconsin Senator Gaylord Nelson. Denis Hayes organized the first iteration of this event and founded its namesake network after a 1969 oil spill off the coast of Santa Barbara. For the point, name this annual event observed annually on April 22 since 1970 to demonstrate support for protecting the environment. | Earth Day (accept Earth Day Network) |
| The area of this modern-day country was ruled by the Sultanate of the Geledi, or the Gobroon Dynasty, and its final ruler, Osman Ahmed, defeated the Abyssinians at the Battle of Luuq. One leader of this country, who tried to instate “Scientific Socialism,” was forced into exile after losing the Ogaden War. That leader, Siad Barre, is often accused of leading this African nation to being a failed state. For the point, name this country whose capital Mogadishu was centrally located on the Indian Ocean trade routes. | Federal Republic of Somalia (or Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya) |
| This man was preceded in his highest position by an interim holder named Raúl Lastiri. The CGT headquarters was home to a corpse of this man's wife that was removed from its place and taken to Milan for reburial. The growth of trade unions occurred during the first term of this president, whose second wife was a member of the Duarte family. The Ezeiza Massacre targeted youths who supported, for the point, what president of Argentina, who was married to a woman known as "Evita"? | Juan Perón (or Juan Domingo Perón) |
| Only four books written in this script remain today, one of which is located in Madrid and another in Paris. The first decoded parts of this elaborate and squarish writing system were its base-20 numbers. This script, used by followers of the Long Count calendar, chronicled the reign of Pakal the Great, ruler of Palenque [[PAH-len-kay]], and is the only Mesoamerican writing system to be nearly fully deciphered. For the point, name this ancient script used in southern Mexico, Yucatan, and Guatemala. | Mayan Hieroglyphs |
| This man worked with his close friend Hermann Kallenbach to found one community. After studying at the University of London, this man moved to a country where he experienced an incident at the Pietermaritzburg Railway Station, where he was subsequently honored with a statue that Desmond Tutu unveiled. A title meaning "great-souled" was given to this man, who was assassinated in 1948 by Nathuram Godse. For the point, name this proponent of satyagraha, known for his non-violent protests in India. | Mahatma Gandhi (accept Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi) |
| Due to a prophecy involving drinking from the Scamander River, this man and a King of Argos took part in an effort to steal Rhesus's horses. The words "cruel" and "deceitful" repeatedly are used in the Aeneid to refer to this man, who was once promised immortality by an inhabitant of Ogygia should he choose to stay there. The swineherd Eumaeus recognized this man after his return from a journey in which he spent seven years with Calypso. The ruler of Ithaka, this is, for the point, what hero of an epic by Homer? | Odysseus (accept Ulysses; accept Ulixes) |
| The father of John Sherrill Houser, Ivan Houser, was one of the key assistants on the creation of this work, which was overseen for a time by its designer's son, Lincoln. This 1927 to 1941 project was overseen by the son of immigrants from Denmark. Sometimes known as the "Shrine of Democracy", this location is found near the city of Keystone in the Black Hills. Constructed under Gutzon Borglum, this is, for the point, what landmark with carvings of the faces of four American presidents? | Mount Rushmore (accept Tȟuŋkášila Šákpe; accept Six Grandfathers; accept Shrine of Democracy before mentioned) |
| The Benedictine monk Saint Boniface is often depicted felling an oak tree named for this deity, who is asked by an inscription in Sønder Kirkeby to "hallow these runes." This deity's lasting influence on Germanic Europe can be seen in his naming the fourth day of the standard workweek. The Altuna stone depicts this deity holding Mjölnir [[mee-OHL-neer]], his hammer. For the point, name this Norse thunder deity. | Thor (accept Thuner; accept Donar; accept Thunar; prompt on "Jove") |
| A period in this city was described as intending to "create the illusion of chaos necessary to induce [one man] to step down." Manuel Ramos depicted corpses in front of the National Palace of this city in a photograph set during the Decena Trágica, or Ten Tragic Days. A coup in this city, which occurred amidst a revolution that began in 1910, resulted in the assassination of Francisco Madero. For the point, name this city, the host of the first Olympic games in Latin America in 1968. | Mexico City |
| After studying at the University of London, this man moved to a country where he experienced an incident at the Pietermaritzburg Railway Station, where he was subsequently honored with a statue that Desmond Tutu unveiled. A title meaning "great-souled" was given to this man, who was assassinated in 1948 by Nathuram Godse. For the point, name this proponent of satyagraha, known for his non-violent protests in India. | Mahatma Gandhi (accept Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi) |
| Leigh Johnson is a marshal befriended by the protagonist of this 2010 video game, which always begins with a Mexican standoff. Archer Fordham and Edgar Ross are among the members of the Bureau of Investigation that kidnap the family of the protagonist of this video game, who can make use of the "Dead Eye" feature to mark targets. The protagonist of this game is John Marston, a former outlaw. For the point, name this entry into a Rockstar Games series which is set during the dying days of the Old West. | Red Dead Redemption (do not accept or prompt on "Red Dead" or "Red Dead Redemption 2") |