| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This ruler captured Vadomarius of the Alemanni during a rebellion against his cousin. This man appointed Salutius to oversee the Chalcedon tribunal, which burned Paulus Catena alive and executed Eusebius for the death of this ruler's brother, Gallus. (+) This ruler was mortally wounded at the Battle of Samarra and wrote "Against the Galileans" in an attempt to halt the spread of Christianity. The last of the Constantinian (*) dynasty, for the points, who was this Roman emperor? | Julian the Apostate (or Flavius Claudius Julianus) |
| One legend claims that an emperor retreated to a cottage after this battle and was defended by archers before the cottage was set aflame. The success of Gratian against the Lentienses (+) motivated one man to relocate from Melantias in Eastern Thrace to the site of this battle. At this battle, Greutungs and Thervings were among the groups representing Fritigern's side. (*) For the points, name this 378 CE defeat for the Roman Empire under Valens. | Battle of Adrianople (or Battle of Hadrianopolis) |
| The Lex Plautia Papiria may have prolonged this conflict by placing the namesakes of this conflict into new tribes rather than the 35 Roman tribes that already existed, making their votes worthless. (+) The Bellum Octavianum was fought in the aftermath of this conflict, ending with the seventh election of Gaius Marius as consul. Fought over the rights of Roman citizenship for Rome's (*) Italian allies, for the points, what was this conflict, lasting from 91 BCE until 87 BCE? | Social War (or Marsic War; prompt on "Italian War") |
| This man’s successor spared him his life, and he retired to what is now known as the Castel dell'Ovo until his death. The regalia of this man was sent to Zeno after this man's defeat, and (+) Julius Nepos was succeeded in his highest post by this son of Orestes. This man was overthrown by Odoacer in 476 CE. Considered to be the final Western Roman (*) emperor, this is, for the points, what ruler, whose nickname was related to his age? | Romulus Augustulus (accept Romulus Augustus) |
| On the last day of a festival dedicated to this deity, a grain called spelt was offered to the god Fornax. Along with Jupiter and Mars, this deity was among those of which a member of the (+) flamines maiores was the priest. The epithet of Janus may have included the name of this deity, who may have originally been a war deity of the Sabines. (*) For the points, name this deity, who came to be associated with Romulus. | Quirinus |
| This man provoked a mutiny against his brother-in-law, Lucullus, during the Third Mithridatic War. Cicero defended this man's murderer in his Pro Milone speech. This man may have attempted to seduce Julius Caesar's (+) wife by sneaking into the Bona Dea festival while disguised as a woman, though he was acquitted after a bribe from Crassus. (*) For the points, name this Roman politician who got himself adopted to become tribune of the Plebs. | Publius Clodius Pulcher (accept Claudius in place of Clodius) |
| Before being killed at the Battle of Abritus, this emperor co-ruled with his son, Herennius Etruscus. This man came to power after the Battle of Verona, during which his predecessor, (+) Philip the Arab, was killed. A magistrate had to be present for a sacrifice to the Roman pantheon as part of an edict passed under this man. Pope Fabian was among those killed during this man's namesake (*) persecution. For the points, name this third-century Roman emperor. | Trajan Decius (or Gaius Messius Quintus Trajanus Decius; accept Baths of Decius; accept Persecution of Decius) |
| Marcus Manlius Capitolinus was allegedly alerted to an attack by this man by a group of geese. This man was allegedly told that "not by gold, but by iron, is the nation to be recovered" before his defeat. The Battle of the Allia was a victory for this leader of the Senones (+) who engaged in one effort in the year 390 BCE. Leading an army from the Cisalpine section of one region, (*) for the points, who is this leader of the Gallic sack of the Roman Republic? | Brennus (or Brennos) |
| A key defeat for one side in this conflict, during an attempted advance through the Alps, occurred at Aquae Sextiae. Lugius was among the casualties (+) in this conflict, in which Boiorix was the king of the namesake people who allied with such groups as the Teutones. The reforms of Gaius Marius were inspired by this 113 to (*) 101 BCE conflict. For the points, name this conflict between Rome and a force including a certain Celtic tribe. | Cimbrian War (accept Cimbric War) |
| These people were mocked by the Roman as the namesake of a style of low-level gladiator armed with a rectangular shield called a scutum. The Roman army of the consul (+) Tiberius Veturius Calvinus was forced to passed under a yoke following the Battle of the Caudine Forks in a war named for these people. Fighting three wars with Rome in the 4th and 3rd (*) centuries BCE, for the points, who were these Italic people from Campania? | Samnites (accept Samnite Wars; accept Second Samnite War) |
| Herman van Swanevelt depicted a monument created in the aftermath of this battle. The aforementioned arch was created after this battle, which Eusebius claims was preceded by a figure witnessing the words "in hoc signo vinces" (+) being communicated to him. Fought above the Tiber River, this battle was thought to have been preceded by a vision, which ultimately led one emperor to convert to (*) Christianity. For the points, name this 312 CE victory for Constantine. | Battle of the Milvian Bridge |
| Menas, a freedman of this man's father, seized Sardinia in this man's name from Octavian's subordinate, Marcus Lurius. Marcus Agrippa used the harpax to destroy and capture the 300 ships of this man's navy at the Battle of Naulochus. (+) This man was promised a future consulship and appointed as the governor of Sicily by the Pact of Misenum, in alliance with Mark Antony and Octavian. (*) For the points, name this son of a rival of Julius Caesar, who formed the last organized opposition to the Second Triumvirate. | Sextus Pompey (or Sextus Pompeius Magnus Pius; prompt on "Pompey") |
| This man was hired as a bodyguard during the campaign of Septimius Severus against Pescennius Niger at Perinthus. This ruler failed to defeat a revolt by Pupienus and Balbinus due to his assassination at (+) Aquileia by Legio the Second Parthica. This man was the first to rule during the Year of the Six Emperors. Nicknamed for his Thracian (*) origins, for the points, who was this barracks emperor, whose reign initiated the Crisis of the Third Century? | Maximinus Thrax (or Gaius Julius Verus Maximinus Thrax; accept either underlined portion before "Thracian" is mentioned and both after) |
| The Alchon Huns seized Kabul from one ruler of this name, who negotiated the Peace of Acilisene, partitioning Armenia. Following the Battle of Edessa, one ruler with this name used Roman prisoners to construct the Band-e Kaisar. Another ruler with this name may have been crowned (+) in utero, later accepting the surrender of Jovian. The Roman emperor, Valerian, was captured by the first of, (*) for the points, what name shared by several Sassanian rulers? | Shapur (accept Shapur the Great; accept Shapur the First; accept Shapur the Second; accept Shabuhr in place of Shapur) |
| This emperor passed the De indulgentiis reliquorum, which remitted tax arrears for landowners. Aegidius served as a magister militum (+) under this emperor, who fought the Battle of Arelate against Theodoric the Second. In the East, Leo the Great served as co-emperor with this man, who came to power after deposing his predecessor, Avitus. (*) For the points, name this late Roman emperor, who ruled from 457 to 461. | Julius Valerius Majorianus |
| This man oversaw the rebuilding of the Temple of Jupiter Feretrius. Livy claims that this man's earliest act in a certain role was to call on the pontifex maximus to copy the commentaries on religious ceremonies by Numa (+) Pompilius and to display them to the public. An Assembly, which was called by an interrex after the death of Tullius Hostilius, chose this man for a role in which he reigned for 24 years, beginning in 640 (*) BCE. For the points, name this fourth Roman king. | Ancus Marcius (prompt on "Marcius") |
| In Roman mythology, before heading to this region, a group, sometimes thought to have branched out from the Pelasgians, inhabited the municipality of Reate. Monte Circeo and the Garigliano River marked the boundaries of a "Novum" (+) form of this region. Tusculum and Tibur were among the major cities in that league of this region, which became a region of Italia under Augustus. (*) For the points, name this region, which lends its name to a language used during the Roman Empire. | Latium (accept Latium Novum; accept Latium Adiectum; prompt on "Latin") |
| This position was split into multiple offices by Diocletian, and Constantine the Great abolished this position's original group of subordinates. Caligula was stabbed to death after making fun (+) of a holder of this position for their voice. Sejanus held this position and governed Rome in the name of Tiberius. Held by the commander of the Imperial (*) bodyguard, for the points, what is this post, often involved in kingmaking? | Praetorian Prefect |
| Cassius Dio records that the rebellion of Avidius Cassius during these conflicts prevented the extermination of the Iazyges [[“eye”-AZ-id-jeez]]. A "Miracle of the Rain" saved the surrounded Legio Twelve Fulminata during their campaign against the Quadi in this conflict. Claudius Pompeianus (+) was made an imperial-in-law for his services during this conflict. Fought along the Danube River by Marcus (*) Aurelius, for the points, what are these wars lasting from 166 to 180 CE? | Marcommanic War (s) (accept German and Sarmatian War (s) in either order) |
| According to Geoffrey of Monmouth, this man's invasion of Gaul resulted in his leaving Caradocus to rule Britain. Saint Elen was the wife (+) of this man, who was born in the Hispania province of Gallaecia. As emperor, Gratian preceded this man, who ruled alongside Valentinian the Second and Theodosius. (*) For the points, name this emperor of Rome from 383 to 388. | Magnus Maximus (accept Macsen Wledig; prompt on partial answers) |
| Radiocarbon dating suggests that one of this man's campaigns may have been the era during which the Cawdor fort was built. This man, who succeeded Frontinus as governor of one province, had his accomplishments compiled and published by his son-in-law, Tacitus. (+) This leader defeated the forces of Calgacus at the Battle of Mons Grampius in northeastern Caledonia. Leading much of the Roman conquest of Britain (*) in the First Century, for the points, who was this general? | Gnaeus Julius Agricola |
| During the reign of Julius Caesar, the number of holders of this position was doubled to include forty members. After Sulla's reforms, one needed to be a member of the vigintisexviri before holding this position. The word parricidii described holders of this position who (+) investigated serious crimes. The lowest rank in the cursus honorum, this position's name translated to "investigator." Often taking part in audits, (*) for the points, what was this position, the holder of which oversaw the Roman treasury? | Quaestor (accept Quaestor Parricidi) |
| This man once informed Voconius Romanus of his two favorite residences, one being above a ridge and the other being beside a lake. The aforementioned Comedy and Tragedy villas were owned by this man, who is known for a series of works of which 247 survive. (+) Those works concern such topics as Christianity and the eruption of Mount Vesuvius, which killed this man's (*) uncle. For the points, name this author and historian, known for his Epistulae. | Pliny the Younger (accept Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus; prompt on "Pliny"; do not accept or prompt on "Gaius Plinius Secundus" or "Pliny the Elder") |
| Tacitus claims that the armies of this man were defeated at the Battle of Ponte Longi. Thumelicus was the son of this man. The Hermann Monument near Detmold was constructed to honor this man, a leader of the Cherusci (+) who was married to Thusnelda. A trio of legions under Publius Quinctilius Varus was defeated by this man at a 9 CE battle fought in modern-day Germany. (*) For the points, name this victor at the Battle of the Teutoberg Forest. | Arminius |
| This king purchased three of the Sibylline books after the other six were destroyed. A war attempting to restore this king led to the sacrificial hand burning of Scaveola after a failed attempt to assassinate (+) Lars Porsena. Despite participating in the removal of this king, Collatinus was later exiled by Lucius Junius Brutus for being a member of this king's dynasty. The rape and suicide of Lucretia led to the overthrow of, (*) for the points, which last king of Rome? | Tarquin the Proud (or Lucius Tarquinius Superbus; prompt on “Tarquin”) |
| The entry Cp 5194 is another name for one of these locations in the Banditaccia necropolis at Caere. A kline with cushions upright is used to support the titular figures in a sixth-century BCE work of this type, which was made of terracotta. Like many works in the Archaic Period, (+) the body of the central couple is elongated in a work of this type named for a set of "Spouses." Along with urns, these works were a prominent example of Etruscan (*) funerary art. For the points, name these carved coffins. | Sarcophagus (or Sarcophagi; accept Sarcofago degli Sposi; accept Sarcophagus of the Spouses; prompt on "Coffin," "Tomb," or similar answers) |