| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This ruler captured Vadomarius of the Alemanni during a rebellion against his cousin, instigated by the Petulantes. This man appointed Salutius to oversee the Chalcedon tribunal, which burned Paulus Catena alive and executed Eusebius for the death of this ruler's brother, Gallus. (+) This ruler was mortally wounded at the Battle of Samarra and wrote "Against the Galileans" in an attempt to halt the spread of Christianity. The last of the Constantinian (*) dynasty, for the points, who was this Roman emperor? | Julian the Apostate (or Flavius Claudius Julianus) |
| One legend claims that an emperor retreated to a cottage after this battle and was defended by archers before the cottage was set aflame. Among the generals who lost their lives at this battle were Traianus and Sebastianus. The success of Gratian against the Lentienses (+) motivated one man to relocate from Melantias in Eastern Thrace to the site of this battle. Greutungs and Thervings were among the groups representing Fritigern's side at this battle, fought in 378 CE. (*) For the points, name this defeat for the Roman Empire under Valens. | Battle of Adrianople (or Battle of Hadrianopolis) |
| During this war, 20,000 rebels led by Cluentius were slaughtered in front of Nola. The Lex Plautia Papiria may have prolonged this conflict by placing the namesakes of this conflict into new tribes rather than the 35 Roman tribes that already existed, making their votes worthless. (+) The Bellum Octavianum was fought in the aftermath of this conflict, ending with the seventh election of Gaius Marius as consul. Fought over the rights of Roman citizenship for Rome's (*) Italian allies, for the points, what was this conflict? | Social War (or Marsic War; prompt on "Italian War") |
| This emperor may have founded a monastery surrounding the remains of Saint Severinus of Noricum. This man was spared by another man, who allowed him to retire to what is now known as the Castel dell'Ovo. The regalia of this man was sent to Zeno after this man's defeat, and (+) Julius Nepos was succeeded in his highest post by this son of Orestes. Overthrown by Odoacer in 476 CE and considered to be the final Western Roman (*) emperor, for the points, who was this man whose nickname was related to his age? | Romulus Augustulus (accept Romulus Augustus) |
| On the last day of a festival dedicated to this deity, a grain called spelt was offered to the god Fornax. Plutarch claims that Proculus Julius heard a story in which a historical figure claimed to be this deity. Along with Jupiter and Mars, this deity was among those of which a member of the (+) flamines maiores was the priest. The epithet of Janus may have included the name of this deity, who may have originally been a war deity of the Sabines. (*) For the points, name this deity, who came to be associated with Romulus. | Quirinus |
| This man provoked a mutiny against his brother-in-law, Lucullus, during the Third Mithridatic War. Cicero defended this man's murderer in his Pro Milone speech, using the defense that "in times of war, the laws fall silent." This man may have attempted to seduce Julius Caesar's (+) wife by sneaking into the Bona Dea festival while disguised as a woman, though he was acquitted after a bribe from Crassus. (*) For the points, name this Roman politician who got himself adopted to become tribune of the Plebs. | Publius Clodius Pulcher (accept Claudius in place of Clodius) |
| Though not Licinius Sura, this Budalia-born Roman emperor's namesake baths were built on the Aventine Hill. Before being killed at the Battle of Abritus, this emperor co-ruled with his son, Herennius Etruscus. This man came to power after the Battle of Verona, during which his predecessor, (+) Philip the Arab, was killed. A magistrate had to be present for a sacrifice to the Roman pantheon as part of an edict passed under this man. Pope Fabian was among those killed during this man's namesake (*) persecution. For the points, name this third-century Roman emperor. | Trajan Decius (or Gaius Messius Quintus Trajanus Decius; accept Baths of Decius; accept Persecution of Decius) |
| Marcus Manlius Capitolinus was allegedly alerted to an attack by this man by a group of geese. This man was allegedly told that "not by gold, but by iron, is the nation to be recovered" before his defeat. The Battle of the Allia was a victory for this leader of the Senones (+) who engaged in one effort in the year 390 BCE. Leading an army from the Cisalpine section of one region, (*) for the points, who is this leader of the Gallic sack of the Roman Republic? | Brennus (or Brennos) |
| The opening engagement of this conflict was the Battle of Noreia, which was won by a side that also won at Burdigala. A key defeat for one side in this conflict occurred at Aquae Sextiae, in what is now France. Lugius was among the casualties (+) in this conflict, in which Boiorix was the king of the namesake people who allied with such groups as the Teutones. The reforms of Gaius Marius were inspired by this 113 to (*) 101 BCE conflict. For the points, name this conflict between Rome and a force including a certain Celtic tribe. | Cimbrian War (accept Cimbric War) |
| The myths of these people tell of a bull that led them to their homeland following a period of exile. These people were mocked by the Roman as the namesake of a style of low-level gladiator armed with a rectangular shield called a scutum. The Roman army of the consul (+) Tiberius Veturius Calvinus was forced to passed under a yoke following the Battle of the Caudine Forks in a war named for these people. Fighting three wars with Rome in the 4th and 3rd (*) centuries BCE, for the points, who were these Italic people from Campania? | Samnites (accept Samnite Wars; accept Second Samnite War) |
| Herman van Swanevelt depicted a monument created in the aftermath of this battle, which was chronicled by such historians as Lactantius. The aforementioned arch was created after this battle, which Eusebius claims was preceded by a figure witnessing the words "in hoc signo vinces" (+) being communicated to him. Fought above the Tiber River, this battle was thought to have been preceded by a vision, which ultimately led one emperor to convert to (*) Christianity. For the points, name this 312 CE victory for Constantine. | Battle of the Milvian Bridge |
| Menas, a freedman of this man's father, seized Sardinia in this man's name from Octavian's subordinate, Marcus Lurius. Marcus Agrippa used the harpax, a naval boarding device, to destroy and capture the 300 ships of this man's navy at the Battle of Naulochus. (+) This man was promised a future consulship and appointed as the governor of Sicily by the Pact of Misenum, in alliance with Mark Antony and Octavian. (*) For the points, name this son of a rival of Julius Caesar, who formed the last organized opposition to the Second Triumvirate. | Sextus Pompey (or Sextus Pompeius Magnus Pius; prompt on "Pompey") |
| This location was named for a individual who opened the Porta Pandana in the hopes of obtaining jewelry. A Latin phrase, indicating that good fortune can quickly change, is exemplified by a saying that claims that "[this location] is close to the Capitol." Standing at a height of (+) roughly eighty meters, this feature is found on the Capitoline Hill and was reserved for such individuals as perjurors and traitors (*) in one capacity. For the points, name this cliff, from which certain Roman criminals were flung. | Tarpeian Rock (accept Arx Tarpeia Capitoli Proxima) |
| This man was hired as a bodyguard during the campaign of Septimius Severus against Pescennius Niger at Perinthus. This ruler failed to defeat a revolt by Pupienus and Balbinus due to his assassination at Aquileia by Legio the Second Parthica. Capelianus killed Gordian the Second (+) on this man's behalf, and this man was the first to rule during the Year of the Six Emperors. Nicknamed for his Thracian (*) origins, for the points, who was this barracks emperor, whose reign initiated the Crisis of the Third Century? | Maximinus Thrax (or Gaius Julius Verus Maximinus Thrax; accept either underlined portion before "Thracian" is mentioned and both after) |
| In this work, the author claims, "The influence of the clergy, in an age of superstition, might be usefully employed to assert the rights of mankind." The author of this work claims to "discern four principal causes" for one event, which include "the use and abuse of the materials," (+) "injuries of time and nature," and "hostile attacks of the Barbarians and Christians." Published first in 1776, this six-volume work was written by English historian (*) Edward Gibbon. For the points, name this written history. | The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (must be exact) |
| The Alchon Huns seized Kabul from one ruler of this name, who negotiated the Peace of Acilisene, partitioning Armenia. Following the Battle of Edessa, one ruler with this name used Roman prisoners to construct the Band-e Kaisar. Another ruler with this name may have been crowned (+) in utero, later accepting the surrender of Jovian. The Roman emperor, Valerian, was captured by the (*) first of, for the points, what name shared by several Sassanian rulers? | Shapur (accept Shapur the Great; accept Shapur the First; accept Shapur the Second; accept Shabuhr in place of Shapur) |
| At the Battle of Garigliano, this emperor led a surprise attack on a Vandal army, for which the Battle of Cape Bon may have been revenge. This emperor passed the De indulgentiis reliquorum, which remitted tax arrears for landowners. Aegidius served as a magister militum (+) under this emperor, who fought the Battle of Arelate against Theodoric the Second. In the East, Leo the Great served as co-emperor with this man, who came to power after deposing his predecessor, Avitus. (*) For the points, name this late Roman emperor, who ruled from 457 to 461. | Julius Valerius Majorianus |
| The Mamertine Prison was built during the reign of this man, who also oversaw the rebuilding of the Temple of Jupiter Feretrius. Livy claims that this man's earliest act in a certain role was to call on the pontifex maximus to copy the commentaries on religious ceremonies by Numa (+) Pompilius and to display them to the public. An Assembly, which was called by an interrex after the death of Tullius Hostilius, chose this man for a role in which he reigned for 24 years, beginning in 640 (*) BCE. For the points, name this fourth Roman king. | Ancus Marcius (prompt on "Marcius") |
| Heinrich Boll once claimed that a teacher who opposed Nazism "realized how topical" this man was. Among the questions posed by this man regarding government responsibility was "who will watch the watchers?” A criticized tactic, which this man alleged occurred in Rome, (+) involved what he called panem et circenses or "bread and circuses." A set of sixteen poems makes up a noted work by this author, the third of which claimed, "There is no longer any room [in Rome] for honest men." (*) For the points, name this author of a set of Satires. | Juvenal (or Decimus Junius Juvenalis) |
| In Roman mythology, before heading to this region, a group, sometimes thought to have branched out from the Pelasgians, inhabited the municipality of Reate. Monte Circeo and the Garigliano River marked the boundaries of a "Novum" form of this region, in which a league (+) of states fought a 340 to 338 BCE war before being dissolved. Tusculum and Tibur were among the major cities in that league of this region, which became a region of Italia under Augustus. (*) For the points, name this region, which lends its name to a language used during the Roman Empire. | Latium (accept Latium Novum; accept Latium Adiectum; prompt on "Latin") |
| Nymphidius Sabinus held this office and attempted to become emperor before Macrinus, another holder of this office, succeeded in dethroning Caracalla. This position was split into multiple offices by Diocletian, and Constantine the Great abolished this position's original group of subordinates. (+) Caligula was stabbed to death after making fun of a holder of this position for their voice. Sejanus held this position and governed Rome in the name of Tiberius. Held by the commander of the Imperial (*) bodyguard, for the points, what is this post, often involved in kingmaking? | Praetorian Prefect |
| This man is the subject of a 1586 Hendrick Goltzius painting, depicting him with an outstretched shield and sword in hand. This man engaged in one effort with Spurius Larcius and Titus Herminius Aquilinus. The army of a king of Clusium, named Lars Porsena, attempted to advance past the (+) Pons Sublicius when it encountered this man, whose name signifies the loss of an eye. Stalling the Etruscans long enough for one structure to be destroyed, (*) for the points, who was this defender of the Sublician Bridge? | Publius Horatius Cocles (accept either underlined portion) |
| Cassius Dio records that the rebellion of Avidius Cassius during these conflicts prevented the extermination of the Iazyges [[“eye”-AZ-id-jeez]]. A "Miracle of the Rain" saved the surrounded Legio Twelve Fulminata during their campaign against the Quadi in this conflict. Claudius Pompeianus (+) was made an imperial-in-law for his services during this conflict, during which Lucius Verus likely died from the Antonine Plague. Fought along the Danube River by Marcus (*) Aurelius, for the points, what are these wars? | Marcommanic War (s) (accept German and Sarmatian War (s) in either order) |
| A daughter of a chief based in Caernarfon became the bride of this man after a dream in which he ordered his soldiers to search the Earth for a woman who had appeared to him. According to Geoffrey of Monmouth, this man's invasion of Gaul resulted in his leaving Caradocus (+) to rule Britain. Saint Elen was the wife of this man, who was born in the Hispania province of Gallaecia. As emperor, Gratian preceded this man, who ruled alongside Valentinian the Second and Theodosius. (*) For the points, name this emperor of Rome from 383 to 388. | Magnus Maximus (accept Macsen Wledig; prompt on partial answers) |
| Patricians stepped in after holders of this position refused to bear an expense relating to an extra day brought about by the Licinian rogations. Within five days, holders of this elected position had to agree upon how they would divide their jurisdiction amongst themselves. Two pairs (+) of men held this office, with subtypes known as the "curule" and "plebeian" varieties. Oversight of public festivals was among the tasks of holders of this position, with a name meaning "temple edifice." Overseeing public building (*) maintenance in Rome, for the points, what was this position? | Aediles (accept Curule aediles; accept Plebeian aediles) |
| Radiocarbon dating suggests that one of this man's campaigns may have been the era during which the Cawdor fort was built. This man, who succeeded Frontinus as governor of one province, had his accomplishments compiled and published by his son-in-law, Tacitus. (+) This leader defeated the forces of Calgacus at the Battle of Mons Grampius in northeastern Caledonia. Leading much of the Roman conquest of Britain (*) in the First Century, for the points, who was this general? | Gnaeus Julius Agricola |
| During the reign of Julius Caesar, the number of holders of this position was doubled to include forty members. After Sulla's reforms, one needed to be a member of the vigintisexviri before holding this position. The word parricidii described holders of this position who (+) investigated serious crimes. The lowest rank in the cursus honorum, this position's name translated to "investigator." Often taking part in audits, (*) for the points, what was this position, the holder of which oversaw the Roman treasury? | Quaestor (accept Quaestor parricidi) |
| This man once informed Voconius Romanus of his two favorite residences, one being above a ridge and the other being beside a lake. The aforementioned Comedy and Tragedy villas were owned by this man, who is known for a series of works of which 247 survive. (+) Those works are addressed to such individuals as Tacitus and Trajan and concern such topics as Christianity and the eruption of Mount Vesuvius, (*) which killed this man's uncle. For the points, name this author and historian, known for his Epistulae. | Pliny the Younger (accept Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus; prompt on "Pliny"; do not accept or prompt on "Gaius Plinius Secundus" or "Pliny the Elder") |
| Tacitus claims that the armies of this man were defeated at the Battle of Ponte Longi. Thumelicus was the son of this man, who rose to one position as the successor of Segimer. The Hermann Monument near Detmold was constructed to honor this man, a leader of the Cherusci (+) who was married to Thusnelda. A trio of legions under Publius Quinctilius Varus was defeated by this man at a 9 CE battle fought in modern-day Germany. (*) For the points, name this victor at the Battle of the Teutoberg Forest. | Arminius |
| This king constructed the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus and purchased three of the Sibylline books after the other six were destroyed. A war attempting to restore this king led to the sacrificial hand burning of Scaveola after a failed attempt to assassinate Lars Porsena, (+) who was allied with this king. Despite participating in the removal of this king, Collatinus was later exiled by Lucius Junius Brutus for being a member of this king's dynasty. The rape and suicide of Lucretia (*) led to the overthrow of, for the points, which last king of Rome? | Tarquin the Proud (or Lucius Tarquinius Superbus; prompt on “Tarquin”) |
| The entry Cp 5194 is another name for one of these locations in the Banditaccia necropolis at Caere. A kline with cushions upright is used to support the titular figures in a sixth-century BCE work of this type, which was made of terracotta. Like many works in the Archaic Period, (+) the body of the central couple is elongated in a work of this type named for a set of "Spouses." Along with urns, these works were a prominent example of Etruscan (*) funerary art. For the points, name these carved coffins. | Sarcophagus (or Sarcophagi; accept Sarcofago degli Sposi; accept Sarcophagus of the Spouses; prompt on "Coffin," "Tomb," or similar answers) |